雛

See also: 雏

雛 U+96DB, 雛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96DB ← 雚 [U+96DA] CJK Unified Ideographs 雜 → [U+96DC]

Translingual

Han character

雛 (radical 172, 隹+10, 18 strokes, cangjie input 心山人土 (PUOG), four-corner 2041₄, composition ⿰芻隹)

References

• KangXi: page 1368, character 39
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42121
• Dae Jaweon: page 1874, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4105, character 6
• Unihan data for U+96DB

---

Chinese

trad.		雛
simp.		雏
alternative forms		鶵／𬸅

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 雛
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (芻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
煼	*sʰroːʔ
謅	*sʰroːʔ, *ʔsru, *sʰru
縐	*sʰroːs, *ʔsrus
鄒	*ʔsru
騶	*ʔsru
搊	*ʔsruʔ, *sʰru, *ʔsro
皺	*ʔsrus
篘	*sʰru
㑳	*zrus, *ʔsro, *rnuːb
趍	*sʰlo, *l'al
趨	*sʰlo
芻	*sʰro
犓	*sʰro
雛	*zro
鶵	*zro
媰	*zro
齺	*zroːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zro): phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro) + semantic 隹 (“bird”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chú (chu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): co⁴, co¹
• Min Nan (POJ): chô͘ / chhô͘ / chhi / chhû / sû

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: chú
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˊ
    • Wade–Giles: chʻu2
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwu
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: co⁴, co¹
    • Yale: chòh, chō
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tso⁴, tso¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: co⁴, co¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔː²¹/, /t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chô͘
    • Tâi-lô: tsôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoo
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔ¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sɔ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhô͘
    • Tâi-lô: tshôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhoo
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhi
    • Tâi-lô: tshi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhû
    • Tâi-lô: tshû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhuu
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sû
    • Tâi-lô: sû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: suu
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /su²⁴/

Note: chhû/sû - vernacular (俗).

---

• Middle Chinese: /d͡ʒɨo/

Rime
Character	雛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	仕于切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐio/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐuə̆/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒio/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	co4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*zro/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	雛
Reading #	1/1
No.	1609
Phonetic component	芻
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	䅳
Old Chinese	/*zro/

Definitions

雛

1. chick, fledgling

   • 是月也，天子乃以雛嘗黍，羞以含桃，先薦寢廟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     是月也，天子乃以雏尝黍，羞以含桃，先荐寝庙。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, circa 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Shìyuè yě, tiānzǐ nǎi yǐ chú cháng shǔ, xiū yǐ hán táo, xiān jiàn qǐnmiào. [Pinyin]

     In this month, the Son of Heaven partakes of millet along with pullets, and with cherries set forth beside them, first offering a portion in the apartment behind the ancestral temple.

2. infant, toddler

Compounds

• 伏龍鳳雛／伏龙凤雏
• 孤雛淚／孤雏泪
• 孤雛腐鼠／孤雏腐鼠
• 將雛／将雏
• 小雛兒／小雏儿 (xiǎochúr)
• 雛兒／雏儿
• 雛型／雏型 (chúxíng)

• 雛妓／雏妓 (chújì)
• 雛形／雏形 (chúxíng)
• 雛燕／雏燕
• 雛菊／雏菊 (chújú)
• 雛雞／雏鸡 (chújī)
• 雛鳥／雏鸟 (chúniǎo)
• 雛鳳／雏凤

• 鳳雛／凤雏
• 鳳雛麟子／凤雏麟子
• 鵷雛／鹓雏
• 鸞鳳雛／鸾凤雏
• 麟子鳳雛／麟子凤雏
• 龍駒鳳雛／龙驹凤雏

References

• “雛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

---

Japanese

Kanji

雛

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 鶵)

Readings

• Go-on: じゅ (ju)
• Kan-on: す (su)
• Kan’yō-on: すう (sū)
• Kun: ひな (hina, 雛); ひいな (hīna, 雛); ひよこ (hiyoko, 雛); ひよっこ (hiyokko, 雛)

Etymology 1

雛 (hina, hīna): Emperor and Empress hina dolls, in front of gold screens. The optional lampstands are also partially visible.

Kanji in this term
雛
ひな Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

*/pina/ → /fina/ → /hina/

Appears to be from Old Japanese. The derivative form hiwina (later hīna) appears in The Tale of Genji, dated to before 1021.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) ひ​な [híꜜnà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [çina̠]

Noun

雛(ひな) • (hina) 

1. a type of small doll, typically standing upright in the Heian period, changing style to a seated posture in the Muromachi period
2. short for 雛祭り (Hina matsuri)
3. a chick, a young bird: see the reading hiyoko below

Prefix

雛(ひな) • (hina-) 

1. diminutive prefix, carrying favorable connotations such as a sense of cuteness

Compounds

Compounds using 雛 (hina)

• 雛遊び, 雛遊 (ひなあそび, ​hina asobi): playing with hina dolls
• 雛霰 (ひなあられ, ​hina arare): a type of 霰 (arare, “tiny rice crackers”) given as an offering to the hina dolls on Hina matsuri
• 雛合わせ, 雛合 (ひなあわせ, ​hina awase): a visit to play with hina dolls; particularly, such a visit on Hina matsuri
• 雛市 (ひないち, ​hinaichi): a market selling hina dolls and accoutrements for Hina matsuri
• 雛会 (ひなえ, ​Hinae): alternate name for Hina matsuri
• 雛送り, 雛送 (ひなおくり, ​hinaokuri): alternate for 雛流し (​hinanagashi): see below
• 雛男 (ひなおとこ, ​hina otoko): an elegant and refined man
• 雛菓子 (ひながし, ​hinagashi): sweets given as offerings on the 雛壇 (hina dan, “special tiered display for hina dolls”) at Hina matsuri
• 雛形, 雛型 (ひながた, ​hinagata): a model or miniature; a sample or specimen; the front peak of an 折烏帽子 (ori eboshi, “a tall formal peaked black hat”)
• 雛形尺 (ひながたざし, ​hinagatazashi): a bamboo ruler made to be as long as the width of a bolt of cotton fabric
• 雛蚊屋吊, 雛蚊帳釣 (ひながやつり, ​hinagayatsuri): Cyperus flaccidus, a type of 蚊帳吊草 (kayatsurigusa, “sedge”) native to wet areas in Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū
• 雛鑑定器 (ひなかんていき, ​hina kanteiki): a chicken tester (a device)
• 雛鑑別者 (ひなかんべつしゃ, ​hina kanbetsusha): a chicken sexer (a job)
• 雛桔梗 (ひなぎきょう, ​hinagikyō): a type of bluebell or bellflower of the genus Wahlenbergia
• 雛菊 (ひなぎく, ​hinagiku): Bellis perennis, a daisy
• 雛衣 (ひなぎぬ, ​hinaginu): clothes for a hina doll
• 雛罌粟, 雛芥子 (ひなげし, ​hinageshi): Papaver rhoeas, the common field or red poppy
• 雛事 (ひなごと, ​hinagoto): alternate for 雛遊び (​hina asobi), playing with hina dolls
• 雛尖 (ひなさき, ​hinasaki): the clitoris; the part of an 烏帽子 (​eboshi) just below the front peak that protrudes slightly
• 雛桜 (ひなざくら, ​hinazakura): Primula nipponica, a type of primrose or cowslip, called a "mini cherry blossom" for the shape of its flower
• 雛裁ち, 雛裁 (ひなだち, ​hinadachi): a 一つ身 (​hitotsumi), a short kimono for children up to the age of one or two years old, made from one piece of fabric and without a seam up the back
• 雛壇, 雛段 (ひなだん, ​hina dan): a special tiered display for hina dolls (see image below); a similarly tiered platform for kabuki musicians; the tiered seats for ministers in the Diet
• 雛鶴 (ひなづる, ​hinazuru): a crane chick; a shōgun's or daimyō's daughter
• 雛鳥 (ひなどり, ​hinadori): alternate for hiyoko ("chick"): see also Noun entry below
• 雛流し, 雛流 (ひなながし, ​hinanagashi): letting loose small boats made of paper, ceramic, or other materials and holding hina dolls on rivers or the sea on the night of Hina matsuri
• 雛人形 (ひなにんぎょう, ​hina ningyō): a hina doll: see also Noun entry below
• 雛の臼壺 (ひなのうすつぼ, ​hina no usutsubo):
• 雛の簪 (ひなのかんざし, ​hina no kanzashi): an annual plant of the family Polygalaceae, a type of milkwort
• 雛の錫杖 (ひなのしゃくじょう, ​hina no shakujō): an annual flowering plant of family Burmanniaceae
• 雛の錫杖科 (ひなのしゃくじょうか, ​hina no shakujōka): Burmanniaceae, the botanical name for a family of monocot flowering plants
• 雛の節句 (ひなのせく, ​Hina no Seku): alternate name for Hina matsuri
• 雛の節句 (ひなのせっく, ​Hina no Sekku): alternate name for Hina matsuri
• 雛の使い (ひなのつかい, ​hina no tsukai): in modern Japan, the act of sending relatives a display of outfitted hina dolls for Hina matsuri
• 雛保育器 (ひなほいくき, ​hina hoikuki): a chick incubator
• 雛祭り, 雛祭 (ひなまつり, ​Hina matsuri): Girl's Day, the doll festival
• 雛屋 (ひなや, ​hinaya): a dollhouse for hina dolls; a store selling hina dolls
• 雛欄 (ひならん, ​hina ran): an orchid of the genus Amitostigma, native to East Asia

• 初生雛 (しょせいひな, ​shosei hina): a newly hatched chick that has just started eating
• 後の雛 (のちのひな, ​Nochi no Hina): the counterpart to Hina Matsuri, held on the ninth day of the ninth month in the old lunar calendar
• 初雛 (はつひな, ​hatsu hina): a girl's first springtime seasonal celebration; the hina dolls set out as decoration at such a time

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
雛
ひいな Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

*/pipina/ → */fifina/ → /fiwina/ → /hiːna/

Possibly an alteration of a reduplicated form hinahina.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) ひ​いな [híꜜìnà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [çiːna̠]

Noun

雛(ひいな) • (hīna) ^{←ひひな (fifina)?}

1. (archaic) doll

Usage notes

This reading with the long ī is archaic. In modern Japanese, the shorter reading hina is more common for this sense.

Compounds

Compounds using 雛 (hīna)

• 雛遊び, 雛遊 (ひいなあそび, ​hīna asobi): playing with hina dolls
• 雛合わせ, 雛合 (ひいなあわせ, ​hīna awase): a visit to play with hina dolls; particularly, such a visit on Hina matsuri
• 雛衣 (ひいなぎぬ, ​hīnaginu): clothes for a hina doll
• 雛草 (ひいなぐさ, ​hīnagusa): alternate name for 髢草 (​kamojigusa), a type of wild rye or wheatgrass
• 雛本 (ひいなぼん, ​hīnabon): a type of small children's book in the Edo period used at Hina matsuri and when playing house
• 雛祭り, 雛祭 (ひいなまつり, ​Hīna matsuri): Girl's Day, the doll festival
• 雛屋 (ひいなや, ​hīnaya): a dollhouse for hina dolls; a store selling hina dolls

Etymology 3

雛 (hiyoko): A baby chicken (chick), Gallus gallus domesticus

Kanji in this term
雛
ひよこ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

*/pijoko/ → /fijoko/ → /hijoko/

Compound of ひよ (hiyo, “onomatopoeia for the sound a chick makes”) +‎ 子 (ko, “diminutive suffix”).

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) ひよこ [hìyókó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [çijo̞ko̞]

Noun

雛(ひよこ) • (hiyoko) 

1. chick, young bird
2. child; youngling, greenhorn

Compounds

Compounds using 雛 (hiyoko)

• 雛豆 (ひよこまめ, ​hiyoko mame): the chickpea or garbanzo bean
• 雛胚 (ひよこはい, ​hiyoko hai): a chick embryo

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
雛
ひよっこ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/hijoko/ → /hijokko/

Alteration of hiyoko above. The geminate kk sound emphasizes the diminutiveness.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) ひよっこ [hìyókkó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [çijo̞k̚ko̞]

Noun

雛(ひよっこ) • (hiyokko) 

1. a chick, a young bird
2. a child; a youngling, a greenhorn

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
雛
すう Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese. Most reconstructions of the original Middle Chinese reading start with an affricate, so this Japanese reading may have come from a dialect; compare Hakka reading ts'u¹.

Pronunciation

• Kan’yōyomi
• IPA^(key): [sɨᵝː]

Affix

雛(すう) • (sū) 

1. young, new, a greenhorn

Usage notes

Only used in compounds.

Compounds

Compounds using 雛 (sū)

• 雛妓 (すうぎ, ​sūgi): alternate name for a 半玉 (​hangyoku), an apprentice geisha
• 雛僧 (すうそう, ​sūsō): a young monk, a novitiate

• 育雛 (いくすう, ​ikusū): raising chicks
• 臥竜鳳雛 (がりょうほうすう, ​garyō hōsū): a diamond in the rough, an unnoticed greatness
• 伏竜鳳雛 (ふくりょうほうすう, ​fukuryō hōsū): a diamond in the rough, an unnoticed greatness
• 鳳雛 (ほうすう, ​hōsū): a very promising young man, a boy with very high prospects
• 帰趨 (きすう, ​kisū): a return arrival, getting back to one's starting point

---

Korean

Hanja

雛 (eum 추 (chu))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

雛: Hán Nôm readings: sồ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.