翼

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翼 U+7FFC, 翼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FFC
← 翻
[U+7FFB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 翽 →
[U+7FFD]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

翼 (Kangxi radical 124, 羽+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 尸一田廿金 (SMWTC), four-corner 17801, composition ⿱羽異)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 959, character 34
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28801
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1406, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3356, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7FFC

Chinese[edit]

trad. 翼
simp. # 翼
2nd round simp. 𰭝
alternative forms 𩙺
𮊾 1981 2nd round simp.

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (異) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
禩 *ljɯʔ
異 *lɯɡs
潩 *lɯɡs, *lɯɡ
廙 *lɯɡs, *lɯɡ
趩 *l̥ʰɯɡ
瀷 *l̥ʰjɯɡ, *lɯɡ
翼 *lɯɡ
熼 *lɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *lɯɡ): semantic 羽 + phonetic 異 (OC *lɯɡs).

Etymology[edit]

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak ~ C-jak (“arm, hand, wing”), especially if the Old Chinese is reconstructed with *l- (Schuessler, 2007; Handel, 2009). Cognate with 腋 (OC *laːɡ, “armpit”), Tibetan ལག་པ (lag pa, “hand, arm”), Burmese လက် (lak, “hand, arm”).

However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruct the Old Chinese with *-p instead of *-k because of evidence from the oracle bones, making it difficult to compare to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lak.

Sagart (2020) proposes a revised Old Chinese reconstruction *m-rəp, which he compares to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/b-ram (“rib”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • siē - vernacular;
  • ī - literary.
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • sĭk - vernacular;
    • ĭk - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • si̍t - vernacular;
    • e̍k/ia̍k - literary.
    Note:
    • sig8 - vernacular;
    • êg8 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Note:
    • i4 - literary;
    • ie4 - vernacular (used in 翼胛).
    Rime
    Character 翼
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 以 (36)
    Final (韻) 蒸 (134)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 與職切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/jɨk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/jɨk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/iek̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/jik̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/iək̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/jĭək̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i̯ək̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yì
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jik6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 翼
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yì
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ yik ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢʷrəp/ (dialect: *-p > *-k)
    English wing

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 翼
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 15108
    Phonetic
    component         		異
    Rime
    group         		職
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		弋
    Old
    Chinese         		/*lɯɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    翼

    1. (literary or dialectal) wing (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 對／对 c)
    2. wing (of an airplane)
    3. (figuratively) wing; flank
      右翼  ―  yòuyì  ―  right-wing (politics); right flank (military)
    4. (Chinese astronomy) the Wings mansion, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
    5. (literary) to assist
    6. a surname

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 翅膀 (“wing (of a bird or insect)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 翼, 翅, 羽, 翎, 𦑜, 翮 of a bird
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 翅膀, 翼, 翅, 翼翅, 羽翼
    Mandarin Beijing 翅膀兒, 翅膀子, 膀兒, 翅兒
    Taiwan 翅膀
    Harbin 翅膀兒
    Yantai (Muping) 翅膀兒, 翅子
    Jinan 翅膀
    Luoyang 翅膀
    Wanrong 翅關
    Wanrong (Ronghe) 翅膀
    Zhengzhou 翅膀
    Xi'an 翅膀
    Yinchuan 膀子
    Lanzhou 膀子
    Xining 膀膀
    Ürümqi 膀子
    Wuhan 翅膀
    Huanggang 翅桿
    Chengdu 翅膀兒, 翅膀
    Muli 翅膀
    Guiyang 翅膀
    Guilin 翅膀
    Liuzhou 翅膀
    Xuzhou 翅膀, 翅膀子, 翅膀兒
    Yangzhou 翅膀
    Nanjing 翅膀
    Hefei 翅膀子, 膀子
    Nantong 翅刮
    Changle (Qinjiang) 膀子
    Yanping 翅膀
    Malaysia 翅膀
    Singapore 翅膀
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 膀子, 翅膀, 翅膀兒, 翅膀膀兒
    Cantonese Guangzhou 翼
    Hong Kong 翼
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 翼
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 翼
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 翼
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 翼
    Macau 翼
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 翼
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 翼
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 翼
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 翼
    Foshan 翼
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 翼
    Foshan (Shunde) 翼
    Foshan (Sanshui) 翼
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 翼
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 翼
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 翼
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 翼
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 翼
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 翼
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 翼
    Taishan 翼
    Kaiping (Chikan) 翼
    Enping (Niujiang) 翼
    Heshan (Yayao) 翼
    Dongguan 翼
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 翼
    Yangjiang 翼
    Nanning 翼
    Wuzhou 翼
    Yulin 翼
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 翼
    Danzhou 翼
    Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 翼
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 翼
    Singapore (Guangfu) 翼
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 翼
    Yangon (Taishan) 翼
    Mandalay (Taishan) 翼
    Gan Nanchang 翼膀, 翅膀
    Lichuan 翼, 翼膀
    Pingxiang 翼胛, 翼巴
    Hakka Meixian 翼胛
    Xingning 翼拍
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 翼
    Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 翼盼
    Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 翼盼
    Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 翼
    Huidong (Daling) 翼拍
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 翼
    Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 翼拍
    Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 翼
    Boluo (Bendihua) 翼, 翼拍
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 翼
    Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 翼
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 翼
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 翼拍
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 翼拍
    Wuhua (Changbu) 翼拍
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 翼拍
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 翼膀
    Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 翼拍
    Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 翼
    Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 翼
    Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 翼
    Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 翼膀
    Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 翼
    Wengyuan 翼
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 翼拍
    Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 翼
    Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 翼拍
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 翼, 翅
    Liannan 翼
    Conghua (Lütian) 翼
    Jiexi 翼
    Luhe 翼
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 翼
    Changting 翼拍
    Wuping 翼胛
    Wuping (Yanqian) 翼胛
    Wuping (Pingyu) 翼拍
    Liancheng 翼汗
    Ninghua 翼拍, 翼胛
    Yudu 翅膀, 翼膀
    Ningdu 翼拍
    Ruijin 翼拍
    Shicheng 翼拍, 翼膀
    Shangyou (Shexi) 翼膀
    Tonggu (Sandu) 翼拍
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 翅膀
    Dayu 翅膀
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 翼胛
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 翼胛
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 翼胛
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 翼胛
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 翼胛
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 翼
    Hong Kong 翼
    Yangxi (Tangkou) 翼
    Yangchun (Sanjia) 翼
    Xinyi (Sihe) 翼
    Xinyi (Qianpai) 翼
    Gaozhou (Xindong) 翼
    Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 翼
    Huazhou (Xin'an) 翼
    Lianjiang (Shijiao) 翼
    Lianjiang (Qingping) 翼
    Mengshan (Xihe) 翼
    Luchuan 翼
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 翼
    Sabah (Longchuan) 翼
    Senai (Huiyang) 翼
    Singkawang 翼
    Huizhou Jixi 翼梭
    Tunxi 翼膀, 肘翼, 肘翼膀
    Yixian 脊
    Qimen 翅翼, 翅扇, 翅扇兒
    Wuyuan 翼膀
    Fuliang 翅翼兒
    Jin Taiyuan 翅膀
    Xinzhou 翅膀
    Hohhot 翅膀, 膀子, 翅翅
    Min Bei Jian'ou 翼
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 翼
    Songxi 刻
    Zhenghe 翼
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 翼匹
    Jianyang 刻
    Wuyishan 刻
    Pucheng (Shibei) 刻
    Min Dong Fuzhou 翼, 翼翼
    Changle 翼
    Fuqing 翼, 翼翼
    Yongtai 翼胛
    Gutian 翼
    Fu'an 翼
    Ningde 翼
    Shouning 翼髀
    Zhouning 翼
    Fuding 翼膀
    Matsu 翼
    Min Nan Xiamen 翼, 翼股, 翼仔
    Quanzhou 翼, 翼股, 翼仔
    Jinjiang 翼股
    Zhangzhou 翼, 翼股, 翼仔
    Zhangzhou (Changtai) 翼胛
    Dongshan 翼
    Kaohsiung 翼仔
    Yilan 翼
    Changhua (Lukang) 翼
    Taichung 翼
    Taichung (Wuqi) 翼股
    Tainan 翼仔
    Taitung 翼
    Hsinchu 翼
    Penghu (Magong) 翼
    Penang (Hokkien) 翼
    Singapore (Hokkien) 翼
    Manila (Hokkien) 翼, 翼股
    Longyan 翼股
    Zhangping (Yongfu) 翼
    Datian 翼
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 翼
    Chaozhou 翼
    Shantou 翼
    Jieyang 翼
    Bangkok (Teochew) 翼
    Chiang Mai (Teochew) 翼
    Hat Yai (Teochew) 翼
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 翼
    Singapore (Teochew) 翼
    Leizhou 翼
    Wenchang 翼
    Haikou 翼
    Singapore (Hainanese) 翼
    Puxian Min Putian 翼
    Putian (Donghai) 翼, 翼股
    Putian (Jiangkou) 翼
    Putian (Nanri) 翼
    Xianyou 翼
    Xianyou (Fengting) 翼
    Xianyou (Youyang) 翼
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 翼, 翅膀
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 翅膀
    Wu Shanghai 翅膀, 翨𦑜
    Shanghai (Chongming) 扇肩
    Suzhou 翅膀, 翨𦑜
    Wuxi 翅膀
    Danyang 翅膀
    Hangzhou 翼翅膀
    Ningbo 翼梢, 翼梢膀
    Wenzhou 翼, 翼膀
    Jinhua 翼膀
    Xiang Changsha 翼胛, 翅膀
    Xiangtan 翼胛
    Loudi 翼胛
    Shuangfeng 翼胛
    Quanzhou 翅桿, 翅膀

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 翼

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (翼):
    • → Japanese: 翼(よく) (yoku)
    • → Korean: 익 (翼, ik)

    Others

    • → Translingual: Yi

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 翼
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    翼󠄄
    翼+&#xE0104;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)         		U7ffc-kyu.svg
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    翼

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    Kanji in this term
    翼
    つばさ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    /tubasa/ → /t͡subasa/

    From Old Japanese.

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    翼(つばさ) • (tsubasa) 

    1. a wing (of a bird or bat)
      • 2015 September 19, “輝(き)銀(ぎん)の天空船(スカイシップ)－レオ号(ごう) [Silvery Skyship – Mk. Leo]”, in EXTRA PACK 2015, Konami:
        輝(き)銀(ぎん)の翼(つばさ)は栄(えい)光(こう)の印(しるし)。
        その証(あかし)は言(こと)葉(ば)によって語(かた)られる。
        Kigin no tsubasa wa eikō no shirushi.
        Sono akashi wa kotoba ni yotte katarareru.
        Her silvery wings display her glory.
        The proof of her glories are told in legend.
    2. (by extension) a bird
      Synonyms: 鳥 (tori), 鳥類 (chōrui)
    3. (aviation) an airfoil, wing
    4. (by extension) an aircraft
    See also[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    翼(つばさ) • (Tsubasa) 

    1. a male or female given name
    2. a surname

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    翼
    よく
    Grade: S
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 翼 (MC jɨk̚).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    翼(よく) • (yoku) 

    1. a wing (of a bird or insect)
      Synonym: 羽翼 (uyoku)
    2. (aviation) an airfoil
    3. (military) a flank
    4. a blade (of a propeller, turbine, etc.) with the same cross section of an aircraft wing

    Counter[edit]

    翼(よく) • (-yoku) 

    1. counter for wings of birds
    2. (by extension) counter for birds
    3. counter for boats
      Synonyms: 隻 (seki), 艘 (sō)

    Affix[edit]

    翼(よく) • (yoku) 

    1. wing (of a bird, insect, aircraft, etc.)
    2. (by extension) something overhanging both left and right, like a wing
    3. assist, help, support

    Proper noun[edit]

    翼(よく) • (Yoku) 

    1. (Chinese astronomy) the Wings constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
      Synonym: 襷星 (Tasukiboshi)
    2. a female given name

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    翼
    Grade: S
    nanori

    Nominalization of classical verb 助く (tasuku), modern 助ける (tasukeru, “to assist, help; rescue, save”).

    Proper noun[edit]

    翼(たすく) • (Tasuku) 

    1. a female given name

    References[edit]

    1. ^ “翼”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    翼 • (ik) (hangeul 익, McCune–Reischauer ik, Yale ik)

    1. wings
    2. fins (of a fish)
    3. shelter

    Old Japanese[edit]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Noun[edit]

    翼 (tubasa) (kana つばさ)

    1. a wing (of a bird)
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 10, poem 2238), text here
        天飛也鴈之翅乃覆羽之何處漏香霜之零異牟
        amato2bu ya kari no2 tubasa no2 opopi1ba no2 iduku morite ka simo no2 purike1mu
        Flying in the sky, a wild goose having wings; it's warming feather, that's leaking somewhere out there; a frost seems to have fallen.

    Descendants[edit]

    • Japanese: 翼 (つばさ, tsubasa)

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    翼: Hán Nôm readings: dực

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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