-ma

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ma"

Choctaw

Suffix

-ma

1. (demonstrative) that, those

See also

• -pa (“this”)

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Dutch

Suffix

-ma

1. occurring in Dutch surnames of Frisian origin, ma is probably a shortened form of the old Frisian genitive plural -monna, 'the men's'. After this suffix had fallen into disuse in the Frisian language, it came to be considered as a suffix to form family names.

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Estonian

Etymology 1

From . Cognate with Finnish -ma.

Suffix

-ma (da-infinitive -ta)

1. Forms verbs from nouns.

Inflection

Conjugation of -ma (ÕS type 29/hüppama, no gradation)

indicative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-an	ei -a	1st sing.	olen -anud	ei ole -anud pole -anud
2nd sing.	-ad		2nd sing.	oled -anud
3rd sing.	-ab		3rd sing.	on -anud
1st plur.	-ame		1st plur.	oleme -anud
2nd plur.	-ate		2nd plur.	olete -anud
3rd plur.	-avad		3rd plur.	on -anud
passive	-atakse	ei -ata	passive	on -atud	ei ole -atud pole -atud
past			pluperfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-asin	ei -anud	1st sing.	olin -anud	ei olnud -anud polnud -anud
2nd sing.	-asid		2nd sing.	olid -anud
3rd sing.	-as		3rd sing.	oli -anud
1st plur.	-asime		1st plur.	olime -anud
2nd plur.	-asite		2nd plur.	olite -anud
3rd plur.	-asid		3rd plur.	oli -anud
passive	-ati	ei -atud	passive	oli -atud	ei olnud -atud polnud -atud
conditional
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-aksin	ei -aks	1st sing.	-anuksin oleksin -anud	ei -anuks ei oleks -anud poleks -anud
2nd sing.	-aksid		2nd sing.	-anuksid oleksid -anud
3rd sing.	-aks		3rd sing.	-anuks oleks -anud
1st plur.	-aksime		1st plur.	-anuksime oleksime -anud
2nd plur.	-aksite		2nd plur.	-anuksite oleksite -anud
3rd plur.	-aksid		3rd plur.	-anuksid oleksid -anud
passive	-ataks	ei -ataks	passive	oleks -atud	ei oleks -atud poleks -atud
imperative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.	-a	ära -a	2nd sing.	ole -anud	ära ole -anud
3rd sing.	-aku	ärgu -aku	3rd sing.	olgu -anud	ärgu olgu -anud
1st plur.	-akem	ärme -ame ärme -a ärgem -akem	1st plur.	olgem -anud	ärme oleme -anud ärme ole -anud ärgem olgem -anud
2nd plur.	-ake	ärge -ake	2nd plur.	olge -anud	ärge olge -anud
3rd plur.	-aku	ärgu -aku	3rd plur.	olgu -anud	ärgu olgu -anud
passive	-atagu	ärgu -atagu	passive	olgu -atud	ärgu olgu -atud
quotative
present			perfect
voice	positive	negative	voice	positive	negative
active	-avat	ei -avat	active	olevat -anud	ei olevat -anud polevat -anud
passive	-atavat	ei -atavat	passive	olevat -atud	ei olevat -atud polevat -atud
Nominal forms
ma-infinitive	active	passive	da-infinitive	present	past
nominative	-ama	-atama	nominative	-ata	olla -anud
illative		—	inessive	-ates	olles -anud
inessive	-amas		participle	active	passive
elative	-amast		present	-av	-atav
translative	-amaks		past	-anud	-atud
abessive	-amata		negative	-amatu	—

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -ma

Etymology 2

From . Cognate with Finnish -ma.

Suffix

-ma

1. The suffix of the ma-infinitive, which is the lemma form of a verb.

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Finnish

Etymology 1

From , from Proto-Uralic *-ma.

Suffix

-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä, linguistic notation -mA)

1. Forms action/result nouns from verbs.

   ‎elää (“to live”) + ‎-ma → ‎elämä (“life”)

   ‎kuolla (“to die”) + ‎-ma → ‎kuolema (“death”)

   ‎osua (“to hit”) + ‎-ma → ‎osuma (“hit”)

   ‎sattua (“to take place”) + ‎-ma → ‎sattuma (“chance”)

   ‎tapahtua (“to happen”) + ‎-ma → ‎tapahtuma (“event”)

Inflection

Inflection of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		-ma	-mat
genitive		-man	-mien
partitive		-maa	-mia
illative		-maan	-miin
		singular	plural
nominative		-ma	-mat
accusative	nom.	-ma	-mat
	gen.	-man
genitive		-man	-mien -mainrare
partitive		-maa	-mia
inessive		-massa	-missa
elative		-masta	-mista
illative		-maan	-miin
adessive		-malla	-milla
ablative		-malta	-milta
allative		-malle	-mille
essive		-mana	-mina
translative		-maksi	-miksi
abessive		-matta	-mitta
instructive		—	-min
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -mani -mani accusative nom. -mani -mani gen. -mani genitive -mani -mieni -mainirare partitive -maani -miani inessive -massani -missani elative -mastani -mistani illative -maani -miini adessive -mallani -millani ablative -maltani -miltani allative -malleni -milleni essive -manani -minani translative -makseni -mikseni abessive -mattani -mittani instructive — — comitative — -mineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -masi -masi accusative nom. -masi -masi gen. -masi genitive -masi -miesi -maisirare partitive -maasi -miasi inessive -massasi -missasi elative -mastasi -mistasi illative -maasi -miisi adessive -mallasi -millasi ablative -maltasi -miltasi allative -mallesi -millesi essive -manasi -minasi translative -maksesi -miksesi abessive -mattasi -mittasi instructive — — comitative — -minesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -mamme -mamme accusative nom. -mamme -mamme gen. -mamme genitive -mamme -miemme -maimmerare partitive -maamme -miamme inessive -massamme -missamme elative -mastamme -mistamme illative -maamme -miimme adessive -mallamme -millamme ablative -maltamme -miltamme allative -mallemme -millemme essive -manamme -minamme translative -maksemme -miksemme abessive -mattamme -mittamme instructive — — comitative — -minemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -manne -manne accusative nom. -manne -manne gen. -manne genitive -manne -mienne -mainnerare partitive -maanne -mianne inessive -massanne -missanne elative -mastanne -mistanne illative -maanne -miinne adessive -mallanne -millanne ablative -maltanne -miltanne allative -mallenne -millenne essive -mananne -minanne translative -maksenne -miksenne abessive -mattanne -mittanne instructive — — comitative — -minenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -mansa -mansa accusative nom. -mansa -mansa gen. -mansa genitive -mansa -miensa -mainsarare partitive -maansa -miaan -miansa inessive -massaan -massansa -missaan -missansa elative -mastaan -mastansa -mistaan -mistansa illative -maansa -miinsa adessive -mallaan -mallansa -millaan -millansa ablative -maltaan -maltansa -miltaan -miltansa allative -malleen -mallensa -milleen -millensa essive -manaan -manansa -minaan -minansa translative -makseen -maksensa -mikseen -miksensa abessive -mattaan -mattansa -mittaan -mittansa instructive — — comitative — -mineen -minensa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ma

Etymology 2

From , from Proto-Uralic *-ma.

Suffix

-ma (front vowel harmony variant -mä, linguistic notation -mA)

1. The suffix of the agent participle.

   ‎ajaa (“to drive”) + ‎-ma → ‎ajama (“driven by”)

   miehen ajama auto — car driven by the man

Inflection

Inflection of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		-ma	-mat
genitive		-man	-mien
partitive		-maa	-mia
illative		-maan	-miin
		singular	plural
nominative		-ma	-mat
accusative	nom.	-ma	-mat
	gen.	-man
genitive		-man	-mien -mainrare
partitive		-maa	-mia
inessive		-massa	-missa
elative		-masta	-mista
illative		-maan	-miin
adessive		-malla	-milla
ablative		-malta	-milta
allative		-malle	-mille
essive		-mana	-mina
translative		-maksi	-miksi
abessive		-matta	-mitta
instructive		—	-min
comitative		—	-mine

Possessive forms of -ma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -mani -mani accusative nom. -mani -mani gen. -mani genitive -mani -mieni -mainirare partitive -maani -miani inessive -massani -missani elative -mastani -mistani illative -maani -miini adessive -mallani -millani ablative -maltani -miltani allative -malleni -milleni essive -manani -minani translative -makseni -mikseni abessive -mattani -mittani instructive — — comitative — -mineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -masi -masi accusative nom. -masi -masi gen. -masi genitive -masi -miesi -maisirare partitive -maasi -miasi inessive -massasi -missasi elative -mastasi -mistasi illative -maasi -miisi adessive -mallasi -millasi ablative -maltasi -miltasi allative -mallesi -millesi essive -manasi -minasi translative -maksesi -miksesi abessive -mattasi -mittasi instructive — — comitative — -minesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -mamme -mamme accusative nom. -mamme -mamme gen. -mamme genitive -mamme -miemme -maimmerare partitive -maamme -miamme inessive -massamme -missamme elative -mastamme -mistamme illative -maamme -miimme adessive -mallamme -millamme ablative -maltamme -miltamme allative -mallemme -millemme essive -manamme -minamme translative -maksemme -miksemme abessive -mattamme -mittamme instructive — — comitative — -minemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -manne -manne accusative nom. -manne -manne gen. -manne genitive -manne -mienne -mainnerare partitive -maanne -mianne inessive -massanne -missanne elative -mastanne -mistanne illative -maanne -miinne adessive -mallanne -millanne ablative -maltanne -miltanne allative -mallenne -millenne essive -mananne -minanne translative -maksenne -miksenne abessive -mattanne -mittanne instructive — — comitative — -minenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -mansa -mansa accusative nom. -mansa -mansa gen. -mansa genitive -mansa -miensa -mainsarare partitive -maansa -miaan -miansa inessive -massaan -massansa -missaan -missansa elative -mastaan -mastansa -mistaan -mistansa illative -maansa -miinsa adessive -mallaan -mallansa -millaan -millansa ablative -maltaan -maltansa -miltaan -miltansa allative -malleen -mallensa -milleen -millensa essive -manaan -manansa -minaan -minansa translative -makseen -maksensa -mikseen -miksensa abessive -mattaan -mattansa -mittaan -mittansa instructive — — comitative — -mineen -minensa

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Hungarian

Etymology

Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.. The neologists formed new words with it after artificially deducing it from words ending in -ma/-me.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mɒ]

Suffix

-ma

1. (noun suffix, rare) Added to a word to form a noun.

   játszik (“to play”) → játszma (“game, match”)

Usage notes

• (noun suffix) No longer productive. Harmonic variants:

  -ma is added to back vowel words

  -me is added to front vowel words

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	-ma	-mák
accusative	-mát	-mákat
dative	-mának	-máknak
instrumental	-mával	-mákkal
causal-final	-máért	-mákért
translative	-mává	-mákká
terminative	-máig	-mákig
essive-formal	-maként	-mákként
essive-modal	-mául	-mákul
inessive	-mában	-mákban
superessive	-mán	-mákon
adessive	-mánál	-máknál
illative	-mába	-mákba
sublative	-mára	-mákra
allative	-mához	-mákhoz
elative	-mából	-mákból
delative	-máról	-mákról
ablative	-mától	-máktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	-máé	-máké
non-attributive possessive - plural	-máéi	-mákéi

Possessive forms of -ma
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	-mám	-máim
2nd person sing.	-mád	-máid
3rd person sing.	-mája	-mái
1st person plural	-mánk	-máink
2nd person plural	-mátok	-máitok
3rd person plural	-májuk	-máik

Derived terms

Hungarian nouns suffixed with -ma

See also

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

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Kambera

Pronoun

-ma

1. first person plural exclusive genitive enclitic

See also

Kambera pronominal clitics

	Nominative	Genitive	Accusative	Dative
1sg	ku-	-nggu	-ka	-ngga
2sg	mu- (u-)	-mu	-kau	-nggau
3sg	na-	-na	-ya	-nya
1pl.incl	ta-	-nda	-ta	-nda
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-kama	-nggama
2pl	mi- (i-)	-mi	-kami (-kai)	-nggami (-nggai)
3pl	da-	-da	-ha	-nja

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Laboya

Pronoun

-ma

1. first person plural exclusive subject enclitic
2. first person plural exclusive possessive enclitic

See also

Laboya pronominal clitics

	Subject	Subject/Possessive	Object
Person
1sg	gu-	-gu	-ga
2sg	mu-	-mu	-gu
3sg	na-	-na	-ni
1pl.incl	da-	-da	-da
1pl.excl	ma-	-ma	-gama
2pl	mi-	-mi	-gimi
3pl	ɗa-	-ɗa	-di

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Latvian

Alternative forms

• -me
• -sme

Suffix

-ma

1. Added to adjectives (sometimes to nouns) to form abstract nouns, especially those referring to the state or property that corresponds to the original adjective (like, e.g., Eng. -ity).

Derived terms

Latvian terms suffixed with -ma

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Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• -𑀫 (Brahmi script)
• -म (Devanagari script)
• -ম (Bengali script)
• -ම (Sinhalese script)
• -မ (Burmese script)
• -ม or -มะ (Thai script)
• -ᨾ (Tai Tham script)
• -ມ or -ມະ (Lao script)
• -ម (Khmer script)
• -𑄟 (Chakma script)

Suffix

-ma

1. masculine/neuter vocative singular of -mant

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Turkish

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ma

1. Negates meaning of the verb.

   Artık senin için ağlamayacağım.

   I won't weep for you any more.

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ma

1. Used to form verbal nouns.

   Unutulmayı hiç sevmem.

   I really don't like to be forgotten.

Usage notes

• Used when the verb's last vowel is a back vowel.

See also

• -me
• değil

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Warlpiri

Suffix

-ma

1. causative suffix; to cause to do (the resulting verb is a ni-class verb)