雛
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]雛 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+10, 18 strokes, cangjie input 心山人土 (PUOG), four-corner 20414, composition ⿰芻隹)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1368, character 39
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42121
- Dae Jaweon: page 1874, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4105, character 6
- Unihan data for U+96DB
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 雛 | |
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simp. | 雏 | |
alternative forms | 鶵/𬸅 𨿉 𪀫 𪀩 𨿊 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 雛 | |
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Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Oracle bone script | Small seal script |
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *zro) : phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro) + semantic 隹 (“bird”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): co4 / co1
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chô͘ / chhô͘ / chhi / chhû / sû
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chú
- Wade–Giles: chʻu2
- Yale: chú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwu
- Palladius: чу (ču)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: co4 / co1
- Yale: chòh / chō
- Cantonese Pinyin: tso4 / tso1
- Guangdong Romanization: co4 / co1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔː²¹/, /t͡sʰɔː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhô͘
- Tâi-lô: tshôo
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhoo
- IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhi
- Tâi-lô: tshi
- Phofsit Daibuun: chy
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhû
- Tâi-lô: tshû
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhuu
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sû
- Tâi-lô: sû
- Phofsit Daibuun: suu
- IPA (Quanzhou): /su²⁴/
- Middle Chinese: dzrju
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*zro/
Definitions
[edit]雛
- chick; fledgling
- 是月也,天子乃以雛嘗黍,羞以含桃,先薦寢廟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Shìyuè yě, tiānzǐ nǎi yǐ chú cháng shǔ, xiū yǐ hán táo, xiān jiàn qǐnmiào. [Pinyin]
- In this month, the Son of Heaven partakes of millet along with pullets, and with cherries set forth beside them, first offering a portion in the apartment behind the ancestral temple.
是月也,天子乃以雏尝黍,羞以含桃,先荐寝庙。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- infant; toddler
- young; small
- Used in 鵷雛/鹓雏.
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- “雛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit](Jinmeiyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 鶵)
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: じゅ (ju)
- Kan-on: す (su)
- Kan’yō-on: すう (sū)
- Kun: ひな (hina, 雛); ひいな (hīna, 雛); ひよこ (hiyoko, 雛); ひよっこ (hiyokko, 雛)
Etymology 1
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/HinaDolls-Emperor-Empress-topplatform2011.jpg/220px-HinaDolls-Emperor-Empress-topplatform2011.jpg)
Kanji in this term |
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雛 |
ひな Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
*/pina/ → /fina/ → /hina/
Appears to be from Old Japanese. The derivative form hiwina (later hīna) appears in The Tale of Genji, dated to before 1021.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a type of small doll, typically standing upright in the Heian period, changing style to a seated posture in the Muromachi period
- short for 雛祭り (Hina matsuri)
- a chick, a young bird: see the reading hiyoko below
Prefix
[edit]- diminutive prefix, carrying favorable connotations such as a sense of cuteness
Derived terms
[edit]- 雛遊び, 雛遊 (hina asobi): playing with hina dolls
- 雛霰 (hina arare): a type of 霰 (arare, “tiny rice crackers”) given as an offering to the hina dolls on Hina matsuri
- 雛合わせ, 雛合 (hina awase): a visit to play with hina dolls; particularly, such a visit on Hina matsuri
- 雛市 (hinaichi): a market selling hina dolls and accoutrements for Hina matsuri
- 雛会 (Hinae): alternate name for Hina matsuri
- 雛送り, 雛送 (hinaokuri): synonym for 雛流し (hinanagashi): see below
- 雛男 (hina otoko): an elegant and refined man
- 雛菓子 (hinagashi): sweets given as offerings on the 雛壇 (hina dan, “special tiered display for hina dolls”) at Hina matsuri
- 雛形, 雛型 (hinagata): a model or miniature; a sample or specimen; the front peak of an 折烏帽子 (ori eboshi, “a tall formal peaked black hat”)
- 雛形尺 (hinagatazashi): a bamboo ruler made to be as long as the width of a bolt of cotton fabric
- 雛蚊屋吊, 雛蚊帳釣 (hinagayatsuri): Cyperus flaccidus, a type of 蚊帳吊草 (kayatsurigusa, “sedge”) native to wet areas in Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū
- 雛鑑定器 (hina kanteiki): a chicken tester (a device)
- 雛鑑別者 (hina kanbetsusha): a chicken sexer (a job)
- 雛桔梗 (hinagikyō): a type of bluebell or bellflower of the genus Wahlenbergia
- 雛菊 (hinagiku): Bellis perennis, a daisy
- 雛衣 (hinaginu): clothes for a hina doll
- 雛罌粟, 雛芥子 (hinageshi): Papaver rhoeas, the common field or red poppy
- 雛事 (hinagoto): synonym for 雛遊び (hina asobi), playing with hina dolls
- 雛尖 (hinasaki): the clitoris; the part of an 烏帽子 (eboshi) just below the front peak that protrudes slightly
- 雛桜 (hinazakura): Primula nipponica, a type of primrose or cowslip, called a "mini cherry blossom" for the shape of its flower
- 雛裁ち, 雛裁 (hinadachi): a 一つ身 (hitotsumi), a short kimono for children up to the age of one or two years old, made from one piece of fabric and without a seam up the back
- 雛壇, 雛段 (ひなだん, hina dan): a special tiered display for hina dolls; a similarly tiered platform for kabuki musicians; the tiered seats for ministers in the Diet
- 雛鶴 (hinazuru): a crane chick; a shōgun's or daimyō's daughter
- 雛鳥 (hinadori): Synonym of 雛 (hiyoko, “chick”) (see Etymology 3)
- 雛流し, 雛流 (hinanagashi): letting loose small boats made of paper, ceramic, or other materials and holding hina dolls on rivers or the sea on the night of Hina matsuri
- 雛人形 (hina ningyō): a hina doll
- 雛の臼壺 (hina no usutsubo):
- 雛の簪 (hina no kanzashi): an annual plant of the family Polygalaceae, a type of milkwort
- 雛の錫杖 (ひなのしゃくじょう, hina no shakujō): an annual flowering plant of family Burmanniaceae
- 雛の錫杖科 (hina no shakujōka): Burmanniaceae, the botanical name for a family of monocot flowering plants
- 雛の節句 (Hina no Seku): alternate name for Hina matsuri,
- 雛の節句 (Hina no Sekku): alternate name for Hina matsuri
- 雛の使い (hina no tsukai): in modern Japan, the act of sending relatives a display of outfitted hina dolls for Hina matsuri
- 雛保育器 (hina hoikuki): a chick incubator
- 雛祭り, 雛祭 (Hina matsuri): Girl's Day, the doll festival
- 雛屋 (hinaya): a dollhouse for hina dolls; a store selling hina dolls
- 雛欄 (hina ran): an orchid of the genus Amitostigma, native to East Asia
- 初生雛 (shosei hina): a newly hatched chick that has just started eating
- 後の雛 (Nochi no Hina): the counterpart to Hina Matsuri, held on the ninth day of the ninth month in the old lunar calendar
- 初雛 (hatsuhina): a girl's first springtime seasonal celebration; the hina dolls set out as decoration at such a time
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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雛 |
ひいな Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
*/pipina/ → */fifina/ → /fiwina/ → /hiːna/
Possibly an alteration of a reduplicated form hinahina.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]This reading with the long ī is archaic. In modern Japanese, the shorter reading hina is more common for this sense.
Derived terms
[edit]- 雛遊び, 雛遊 (hīna asobi): playing with hina dolls
- 雛合わせ, 雛合 (hīna awase): a visit to play with hina dolls; particularly, such a visit on Hina matsuri
- 雛衣 (hīnaginu): clothes for a hina doll
- 雛草 (hīnagusa): alternate name for 髢草 (kamojigusa), a type of wild rye or wheatgrass
- 雛本 (hīnabon): a type of small children's book in the Edo period used at Hina matsuri and when playing house
- 雛祭り, 雛祭 (Hīna matsuri): Girl's Day, the doll festival
- 雛屋 (hīnaya): a dollhouse for hina dolls; a store selling hina dolls
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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雛 |
ひよこ Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
*/pijoko/ → /fijoko/ → /hijoko/
Compound of ひよ (hiyo, “onomatopoeia for the sound a chick makes”) + 子 (ko, “diminutive suffix”).
Possibly related to Middle Korean 비〮육 (píyùk), whence modern Korean 병아리 (byeong'ari, “chick”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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雛 |
ひよっこ Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
/hijoko/ → /hijokko/
Alteration of hiyoko above. The geminate kk sound emphasizes the diminutiveness.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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雛 |
すう Jinmeiyō |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese. Most reconstructions of the original Middle Chinese reading start with an affricate, so this Japanese reading may have come from a dialect; compare Hakka reading ts'u1.
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]Only used in compounds.
Derived terms
[edit]- 雛妓 (sūgi): alternate name for a 半玉 (hangyoku), an apprentice geisha
- 雛僧 (sūsō): a young monk, a novitiate
- 育雛 (ikusū): raising chicks
- 臥竜鳳雛 (garyō hōsū): a diamond in the rough, an unnoticed greatness
- 伏竜鳳雛 (fukuryō hōsū): a diamond in the rough, an unnoticed greatness
- 鳳雛 (hōsū): a very promising young man, a boy with very high prospects
- 帰趨 (kisū): a return arrival, getting back to one's starting point
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]雛 (eum 추 (chu))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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