咋

See also: 昨

Translingual

Han character

咋 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 口人尸 (ROS), four-corner 6801₁, composition ⿰口乍)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 184, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3488
• Dae Jaweon: page 404, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 601, character 9
• Unihan data for U+548B

---

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (乍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
作	*ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡ
鲊	*ʔsraːʔ
痄	*ʔsraːʔ
厏	*ʔsraːʔ, *zraːʔ
詐	*ʔsraːɡs
咋	*ʔsraːɡs, *zraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ
笮	*ʔsraːɡs, *zaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
榨	*ʔsraːɡs
炸	*ʔr'aːɡs, *zreːb
乍	*zraːɡs
拃	*ʔsraːnʔ
酢	*sʰaːɡs, *zaːɡ
祚	*zaːɡs
胙	*zaːɡs
阼	*zaːɡs
飵	*zaːɡs, *zaːɡ
秨	*zaːɡs, *zaːɡ
迮	*ʔsaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
柞	*ʔsaːɡ, *zaːɡ
昨	*zaːɡ
怍	*zaːɡ
砟	*zaːɡ
莋	*zaːɡ
岝	*zaːɡ, *zraːɡ
鈼	*zaːɡ
筰	*zaːɡ
葃	*zaːɡ, *zreːɡ, *zaɡ
舴	*ʔr'aːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
窄	*ʔsraːɡ
蚱	*ʔsraːɡ
齚	*zraːɡ
泎	*zraːɡ

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		咋
alternative forms		𠷿 咱 囃

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zǎ (za³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄚˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): za²

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): за (za, II)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zǎ
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄚˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zǎ
    • Wade–Giles: tsa³
    • Yale: dzǎ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaa
    • Palladius: цза (cza)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sä²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: za²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: za
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sa²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: за (za, II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sa⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zaa²
    • Yale: já
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa²
    • Guangdong Romanization: za²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saː³⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 咋

1. (dialectal) how

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 怎麼 (“how”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		何, 如何
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		怎麼
Mandarin	Beijing	怎麼
	Taiwan	怎麼
	Jinan	怎麼
	Xi'an	咋, 咋樣兒
	Wuhan	麼, 麼樣, 哪樣
	Chengdu	咋, 咋個, 啷個
	Chongqing	啷個
	Yangzhou	井幹
	Hefei	怎樣, 怎
	Singapore	怎麼
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	咋, 咋的個, 咋麼, 咋麼個
Cantonese	Guangzhou	點, 點樣
	Hong Kong	點, 點樣
	Taishan	幾何
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	點
	Singapore (Guangfu)	點
Gan	Nanchang	啷, 啷樣
Hakka	Meixian	仰般, 仰仔
	Wuhua (Meilin)	仰般
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	仰來
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	仰般, 仰仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	仰仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	仰般
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	仰脣, 仰
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	仰般, 仰般形
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	仰子
Huizhou	Jixi	采翹
Jin	Taiyuan	咋, 咋底
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	怎怎, 怎, 怎其
	Fuqing	安難, 怎生
	Singapore (Fuqing)	安難
Southern Min	Xiamen	按怎, 怎影
	Taipei	按怎
	Penang (Hokkien)	按怎
	Singapore (Hokkien)	按怎
	Manila (Hokkien)	障仔, 按怎, 怎
	Chaozhou	在生, 乜生, 做呢, 做物
	Raoping	做呢
	Shantou	做呢
	Jieyang	做呢
	Haifeng	做呢
	Singapore (Teochew)	做呢, 做物
	Batam (Teochew)	做呢物, 做物
	Wenchang	怎作, 作乜
	Haikou	咋作
	Singapore (Hainanese)	怎作
Wu	Shanghai	哪能
	Suzhou	捺亨
	Ningbo	咋, 咋貌, 咋貌介
	Wenzhou	訾那, 訾那能
Xiang	Changsha	何什, 何裡
	Shuangfeng	麼家

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		咋
alternative forms		唶

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zé (ze²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zé
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zé
    • Wade–Giles: tsê²
    • Yale: dzé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzer
    • Palladius: цзэ (czɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zaa³
    • Yale: ja
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: za³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saː³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsreak

Rime
Character	咋
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	麥 (119)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側革切
Baxter	tsreak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠɛk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚæk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃɐk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂəɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃɛk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃæk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂæk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhe
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zak1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsreːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	咋
Reading #	3/3
No.	16687
Phonetic component	乍
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	責
Old Chinese	/*ʔsreːɡ/
Notes	見周禮鄭注

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 咋

1. ^† to be loud; to shout; to cry

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		咋

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zé (ze²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaak⁶ / zaak³ / zaa³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zé
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zé
    • Wade–Giles: tsê²
    • Yale: dzé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzer
    • Palladius: цзэ (czɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zaak⁶ / zaak³ / zaa³
    • Yale: jaahk / jaak / ja
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaak⁹ / dzaak⁸ / dzaa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zag⁶ / zag³ / za³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːk̚²/, /t͡saːk̚³/, /t͡saː³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzraek

Rime
Character	咋
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	陌 (113)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	鋤陌切
Baxter	dzraek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒˠæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐᵚak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐaɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒɐk̚/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒɐk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zak6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*zraːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	咋
Reading #	2/3
No.	16684
Phonetic component	乍
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	齚
Old Chinese	/*zraːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 咋

1. ^† to bite
2. Used in 㕭咋.

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.		咋

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhà (zha⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhà
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhà
    • Wade–Giles: cha⁴
    • Yale: jà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jah
    • Palladius: чжа (čža)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zaa³
    • Yale: ja
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: za³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saː³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsraeH

Rime
Character	咋
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側駕切
Baxter	tsraeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠaH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚaH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂaɨH/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃaH/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃaH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂaH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaa3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsraːɡs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	咋
Reading #	1/3
No.	16646
Phonetic component	乍
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	詐
Old Chinese	/*ʔsraːɡs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 咋

1. sound of speech (clarification of this definition is needed)
2. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 炸 (zhà, “to burst; to explode; to infuriate”).

Etymology 5

simp. and trad.		咋

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhà (zha⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa⁶ / zaa³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhà
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhà
    • Wade–Giles: cha⁴
    • Yale: jà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jah
    • Palladius: чжа (čža)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zaa⁶ / zaa³
    • Yale: jah / ja
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa⁶ / dzaa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: za⁶ / za³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saː²²/, /t͡saː³³/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 咋

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 乍 (zhà, “suddenly”).

Etymology 6

simp. and trad.		咋
alternative forms		囃

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhā (zha¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa¹ / zaa³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhā
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jha
    • Wade–Giles: cha¹
    • Yale: jā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ja
    • Palladius: чжа (čža)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zaa¹ / zaa³
    • Yale: jā / ja
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa¹ / dzaa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: za¹ / za³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saː⁵⁵/, /t͡saː³³/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 咋

1. Only used in 咋呼 (zhàhu).

Etymology 7

simp. and trad.		咋

Pronunciation 1

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa³

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zaa³
    • Yale: ja
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: za³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saː³³/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 咋

1. (Cantonese) Contraction of 啫呀 (ze1 aa3).

   仲有三個咋。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   仲有三个咋。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   zung⁶ jau⁵ saam¹ go³ zaa¹. [Jyutping]

   Only have three left.

Pronunciation 2

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa⁴

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zaa⁴
    • Yale: jàh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: za⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saː²¹/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 咋

1. Sentence-final particle expressing surprise and suspicion.

   仲有三個咋？ [Cantonese, trad.]
   仲有三个咋？ [Cantonese, simp.]

   zung⁶ jau⁵ saam¹ go³ zaa⁴? [Jyutping]

   Only have three left?

Usage notes

The tone of the Cantonese sentence-final particles 呀 (aa3), 喇 (laa3), 㗎 (gaa3) and 咋 (zaa3) can be dropped to tone 4 to add disapproval, surprise and suspicion to the particle while also turning the statement into a question.

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00560
• “咋”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(deprecated template usage)

---

Japanese

Kanji

咋

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: しゃ (sha); しゃく (shaku)
• Kan-on: さ (sa); さく (saku)
• Kun: かむ (kamu, 咋む); くう (kuu, 咋う)^{←くふ (kufu, 咋ふ, historical)}; くらう (kurau, 咋らう)^{←くらふ (kurafu, 咋らふ, historical)}

Compounds

• 大山(おおやま)咋(くいの)神(かみ) (Ōyamakui no Kami)
• 羽(は)咋(くい) (Hakui)
• 真魚(まな)咋(ぐい) (managui)

---

Korean

Hanja

咋 • (sa) (hangeul 사)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 咋 (chạ, chá, chách, cha)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation