批
Translingual
Han character
批 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 手心心 (QPP), four-corner 51010, composition ⿰扌比)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 419, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11845
- Dae Jaweon: page 766, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1835, character 5
- Unihan data for U+6279
Chinese
trad. | 批 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 批 | |
alternative forms | 𠜱 Cantonese; Hakka; Teochew "to pare" 㓟 Cantonese and Teochew "to pare" 剕 Cantonese "to pare" 剖 Teochew "to pare" |
Glyph origin
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
梐 | *piː, *biːʔ |
狴 | *piː |
悂 | *piː, *pʰi |
螕 | *piː |
鎞 | *piː |
蓖 | *piː |
篦 | *piː, *bis |
批 | *pʰiː |
砒 | *pʰiː |
鈚 | *pʰiː, *bi |
磇 | *pʰiː |
媲 | *pʰiːs |
笓 | *biː |
膍 | *biː, *bi |
陛 | *biːʔ |
仳 | *pʰeʔ, *piʔ, *bi, *briʔ |
吡 | *pʰeʔ, *piʔ, *biɡ |
紕 | *be, *pʰi, *kʰjɯʔ |
比 | *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ |
妣 | *piʔ, *pis |
秕 | *piʔ |
沘 | *piʔ, *bi |
枇 | *piʔ, *bi, *bis |
粊 | *pris |
庇 | *pis |
屁 | *pʰis |
琵 | *bi |
毗 | *bi |
貔 | *bi |
豼 | *bi |
蚍 | *bi |
芘 | *bi, *bis |
肶 | *bi |
魮 | *bi |
阰 | *bi |
坒 | *bis, *biɡ |
玭 | *bin |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *pʰiː) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ).
Etymology
- “to pare”
- 𠜱 (pī) is sometimes treated as the 本字 (běnzì, “original character”).
- “pie”
- Borrowed from English pie.
- “vulva; cunt”
- From the Sichuanese pronunciation of 屄 (pi1).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pei1 / pi1
- Cantonese (Jyutping): pai1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phî / phâi
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pi
- Wade–Giles: pʻi1
- Yale: pī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pi
- Palladius: пи (pi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: pir
- Wade–Giles: pʻi1-ʼrh
- Yale: pīr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: piel
- Palladius: пир (pir)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰiə̯ɻ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: erhua-ed - “fibres ready to be drawn and twisted”.
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: pei1 / pi1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pei / pi
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰei⁵⁵/, /pʰi⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: pai1
- Yale: pāi
- Cantonese Pinyin: pai1
- Guangdong Romanization: pei1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɐi̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phî / phâi
- Hakka Romanization System: piˊ / paiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: pi1 / pai1
- Sinological IPA: /pʰi²⁴/, /pʰai̯²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
Note: phâi - “to peel”.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phe
- Tâi-lô: phe
- Phofsit Daibuun: phef
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yilan): /pʰe⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰe³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phi
- Tâi-lô: phi
- Phofsit Daibuun: phy
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰi⁴⁴/
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou:
- phoe - vernacular;
- phe - literary.
- mainstream Taiwan:
- phoe - vernacular;
- phi - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: poi1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phoi
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰoi³³/
- Middle Chinese: phej
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*pʰiː/
Definitions
- to slap
- † to attack; to offend
- † to eliminate; to discard
- to cut (into thin slices), peel, or shape with a knife or blade; to pare: to peel [fruits], to sharpen [pencils], etc.
- (Cantonese) to plaster
- (Cantonese) to hit with diagonal or horizontal motion
- to make comments and criticisms (to an inferior from a superior, regarding a submitted report, essay, etc.)
- comment; annotation; criticism
- to judge
- to criticize
- to approve
- (Cantonese) to guess; to predict
- (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Puxian Min) letter (written or printed communication) (Classifier: 張/张; 封)
- 手提紙筆趕緊要寫一張批,安慰媽媽講阮在外一切沒問題。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
- From: 1991, (deprecated template usage) 詹雅雯, 故鄉一封信
- Chhiú the̍h chóa-pit kóaⁿ-kín beh siá chi̍t tiuⁿ phe, an-ùi má-mah kóng gún chāi-gōa it-chhè bô būn-tê. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
- With paper and a pen in my hand, I hurried to write a letter, comforting Mom, saying that everything is alright away from home.
手提纸笔赶紧要写一张批,安慰妈妈讲阮在外一切没问题。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
- (Teochew) letter from a foreign country
- to sell at wholesale
- Classifier for batches, lots, etc.
- (colloquial) fibres of cotton, flax, etc. ready to be drawn and twisted
- (Cantonese) pie
- (Internet slang, vulgar) vulva; cunt
Synonyms
Compounds
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See also
Further reading
- “Entry #3209”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
Kanji
批
Readings
Compounds
Korean
Hanja
批 • (bi, byeol) (hangeul 비, 별)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
Han character
Readings
批: Hán Việt readings: phi
批: Nôm readings: phê, phe, phây
References
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