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蜘蛛

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Chinese

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spider
simp. and trad.
(蜘蛛)
alternative forms 鼅鼄𱌄𬹣 obsolete
䵹鼄䵹𬹣
Wikipedia has an article on:
蜘蛛

Etymology

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Reduplication in Old Chinese (Baxter and Sagart, 1998).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (9) (9)
Final () (11) (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter trje trju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʈiᴇ/ /ʈɨo/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʈiɛ/ /ʈio/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȶjɛ/ /ȶio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʈiə̆/ /ʈuə̆/
Li
Rong
/ȶie/ /ȶio/
Wang
Li
/ȶǐe/ /ȶĭu/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ȶie̯/ /ȶi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhī zhū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi1 zyu1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhī zhū
Middle
Chinese
‹ trje › ‹ trju ›
Old
Chinese
/*tre/ /*tro/
English *tre.tro spider *tre-tro spider

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 11496 17564
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*te/ /*to/
Notes

Noun

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蜘蛛

  1. spider

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (蜘蛛):

Japanese

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
くも
Hyōgai Hyōgai
jukujikun

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed in 759 CE.

Ultimate derivation unknown. Various theories exist, including:

  • from 籠もる (komoru, to hide inside something), from the way that spiders hide in their webs
  • from 組む (kumu, to bundle something together), from the way that spiders wrap up caught insects
  • from (kumo, cloud), from the way that spider webs may look vaguely like clouds
  • from reconstructed Proto-Japonic *konpo, *konbo (spider);[1] possibly cognate with Kagoshima こっ koʔ (< kobu) "spider"; Tanegashima こぶ kobu "large spider"; Amami (Setouchi) こぶ kobu; Okinawan くーばー kuuba; Yonaguni くぶ kubu "spider", etc.[2] If true, then 蜘蛛 (kumo, spider) would be unrelated to (kumo, cloud), whose proto-form was likely *kumo, as suggested by Okinawan くむ kumu, Yonaguni んむ nmu, Kunigami and Yoron ふむ fumu.[3]

May ultimately be cognate with Korean 거미 (geomi, spider). The kanji are an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 蜘蛛 (zhīzhū).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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蜘蛛(くも) or 蜘蛛(クモ) (kumo

  1. spider
    • c. 918, 深根輔仁 [Fukane Sukehito], 本草和名 [Japanese Names of Herbs, Honzō Wamyō]:
      蜘蛛 楊玄操、知誅二音 一名䖦𬠴仁諝、拙牟二音 一名絡新婦赤班者 一名蠨蛸仁諝、上音蕭、所交反、下本條 𧋌音秋 一名蝳蜍毒途二音 一名社公 一名張公網 一名蝃蝥拙牟二音、已上五名、出兼名苑 一名長蝥身小足長、出古今注 和名久毛
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 芥川龍之介, 蜘蛛の糸
      ()(しゃ)()(さま)()(ごく)(よう)()()(らん)になりながら、この(かん)()()には蜘蛛(クモ)(たす)けた(こと)があるのを()(おも)()しになりました。
      O-shaka-sama wa jigoku no yōsu o goran ni narinagara, kono Kandata ni wa kumo o tasuketa koto ga aru no o o-omoidashi ni narimashita.
      While observing the state of Hell, Shakyamuni recalled that this Kandata had once spared a spider.
    • 1999 March 27, “蜘蛛(クモ)(おとこ) [Werespider]”, in Vol.2, Konami:
      (きょ)(だい)クモ()()をつけた姿(すがた)(いと)()(うご)きを(ふう)()める。
      Kyodai kumo ga chie o tsuketa sugata. Ito o haki ugoki o fūjikomeru.
      This giant spider appears to be quite intelligent. It will lock your every movement with its threads.
    • 1999 July 22, “ハンター・スパイダー [Hunter Spider]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
      クモ()(わな)()()()りをする。(わな)にかかったものは()べてしまう。
      Kumo no su no wana o shikakekari o suru. Wana ni kakatta mono wa tabete shimau.
      It hunts by laying its spiderweb traps, and it eats whatever gets tangled in them.
Usage notes
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As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as クモ.

Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
Hyōgai Hyōgai

Noun

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蜘蛛(こっ) (ko'

  1. (dialect, Kagoshima) spider

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
Hyōgai Hyōgai

Noun

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蜘蛛(こぶ) (kobu

  1. (dialect, Kumamoto, Miyazaki, Saga) spider
  2. (dialect, Tanegashima) large spider

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term

Hyōgai
ちゅう
Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 蜘蛛 (ʈiᴇ ʈɨo). Compare modern Hakka reading tî-tû, Eastern Min tĭ-tṳ̆, Min Nan ti-tu. Probably borrowed at a different time or from a different dialect than chichu below.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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()(ちゅう) (chichū

  1. spider
Derived terms
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Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term

Hyōgai
ちゅ
Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 蜘蛛 (ʈiᴇ ʈɨo). Compare modern Hakka reading tî-tû, Eastern Min tĭ-tṳ̆, Min Nan ti-tu. Probably borrowed at a different time or from a different dialect than chichū above.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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()(ちゅ) (chichu

  1. spider

Etymology 6

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Kanji in this term

Hyōgai
しゅ
Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 蜘蛛 (ʈiᴇ ʈɨo). This reading is the kan'yōyomi, and is thus a later phonetic shift after borrowing, read as .

Pronunciation

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Noun

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()(しゅ) (chishu

  1. spider
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2021) “Names of Large Exotic Animals and the Urheimat of Japonic”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics, number 3, pages 105-120
  2. ^ 蜘蛛's regional variants in JLect
  3. ^ 雲's regional variants in JLect
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  • Fukane no Sukehito (c. 901–923) Maruyama Yumiko, Wu Qian, editors, Honzō Wamyō: Eiin, Honkoku to Kenkyū) (in Japanese), Kyūko Shoin, published 2021, →ISBN.
  • こっ【蜘蛛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
  • こぶ【蜘蛛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
  • こぶ【蜘蛛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Korean

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Hanja in this term

Noun

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蜘蛛 (jiju) (hangeul 지주)

  1. hanja form? of 지주 (spider)

Okinawan

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Kanji in this term
Hyōgai Hyōgai

Pronunciation

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Noun

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蜘蛛(くーばー) (kūbā

  1. spider

References

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Southern Amami Ōshima

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Kanji in this term
Hyōgai Hyōgai

Noun

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蜘蛛(こぶ) (kobu

  1. spider

References

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  • こぶ【蜘蛛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Noun

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蜘蛛

  1. chữ Hán form of tri thù (arachnid).

Yonaguni

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Kanji in this term
Hyōgai Hyōgai

Pronunciation

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Noun

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蜘蛛(くぶ) (kubu

  1. spider

References

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  • くぶ【蜘蛛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.