辰
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
辰 (Kangxi radical 161, 辰+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一一一女 (MMMV), four-corner 71232, composition ⿸厂⿱二⿰𠄌⿺乀丿(GJK) or ⿸厂⿸⿱二𠄌⿺乀丿(HTV))
- Kangxi radical #161, ⾠.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1252, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38682
- Dae Jaweon: page 1733, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3606, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8FB0
Chinese
trad. | 辰 | |
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simp. # | 辰 | |
alternative forms | 𫝕 𨑃 ancient 𨑄 ancient 𠨷 ancient 𠩟 ancient |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 辰 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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辴 | *tʰɯl, *tʰɯnʔ, *tʰɯn |
屒 | *tɯnʔ, *djɯn |
振 | *tjɯn, *tjɯns |
侲 | *tjɯn, *tjɯn |
桭 | *tjɯn, *djɯn |
唇 | *tjɯn, *ɦljun |
帪 | *tjɯn |
賑 | *tjɯnʔ, *tjɯns |
裖 | *tjɯnʔ |
敐 | *tjɯnʔ, *djɯn |
震 | *tjɯn |
娠 | *tjɯns, *hljɯn |
蜃 | *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins |
辰 | *djɯn |
晨 | *djɯn, *ɦljɯn |
宸 | *djɯn |
鷐 | *djɯn |
麎 | *djɯn |
祳 | *djɯnʔ |
脤 | *djɯnʔ |
鋠 | *djɯnʔ |
磭 | *ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ |
陙 | *djun |
脣 | *ɦljun |
漘 | *ɦljun |
Pictogram (象形) – a kind of agricultural tool used for tilling the fields and removing weeds (Guo, 1931; Qiu, 1992), possibly made of a kind of large clam 蜃 (OC *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins) (Guo, 1931).
Alternatively, it could be a pictogram (象形) of a person holding onto a cliff – original character of 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to hold up”) (Shang, 1983).
Etymology
- “to vibrate”
- Related to 震 (OC *tjɯn, “to shake”) and 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to excite”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“to tremble; to shiver”) (Schuessler, 2007).
- “fifth earthly branch”
- Norman (1985) suggests that it is from Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁la(a)n (“python”), whence Vietnamese trăn, Khmer ថ្លាន់ (thlan), Mon ကၠန် (klɔn). However, Ferlus (2013) points to reconstructions like *dər (Baxter & Sagart) and *ᴸdzɨr (Ferlus) and remarks that those do not match any animal's name in Mainland Southeast Asian (MSEA) languages. Therefore, 辰 might have been associated arbitrarily with the dragon (龍).
- “time”
- From 時 (OC *djɯ, “time”) + nominalizing suffix -n, literally “that which is proceeding” (Schuessler, 2007). This word partially converges with 晨 (OC *djɯn, *ɦljɯn, “morning”) (ibid.).
- “heavenly body”
- The endopassive of 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to shake; to stir”), literally “to stir oneself”, i.e. “when life begins to stir” > “heavenly bodies that mark time” (ibid.).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): san4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n
- Northern Min (KCR): sěng
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sîn
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chén
- Wade–Giles: chʻên2
- Yale: chén
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chern
- Palladius: чэнь (čɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: san4
- Yale: sàhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: san4
- Guangdong Romanization: sen4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
- Hakka Romanization System: siinˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sin2
- Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sěng
- Sinological IPA (key): /seiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Southern Min
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 辰 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/ |
Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰən⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰẽ⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /tʃʰə̃⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /ʂẽ²⁴/ | |
Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡sʰən²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /sən³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /sen²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ʂə̃³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /zəŋ²³/ |
Suzhou | /zən¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /zen²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /zaŋ³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕiʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /ɕian⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ʂən¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /sən¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /sɨn⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /sən¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ʃen¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /sɐn²¹/ |
Nanning | /sɐn²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /sɐn²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /sin³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /siŋ⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /seiŋ²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /siŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /tin³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: dzyin
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ər/
- (Zhengzhang): /*djɯn/
Definitions
- † to vibrate
- fifth of twelve earthly branches (地支), variously equated with
- time; day; season
- heavenly body; stars
- † (Chinese astronomy) Alternative name for 心宿 (Xīnxiù, “Heart Mansion (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)”).
- † (Chinese astronomy) Alternative name for 北極星/北极星 (Běijíxīng, “North Star”).
- † (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 晨 (chén, “early morning”).
- a surname
Coordinate terms
Compounds
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References
- (Min Nan) “Entry #3410”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
Kanji
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
Readings
Compounds
- 辰韓 (shinkan): the Jinhan confederacy: a twelve-member confederation, located on the southeast of the Korean peninsula during the proto-Three Kingdoms period, later absorbed into the growing Silla kingdom
- 辰刻 (shinkoku): the hour of the dragon: 7:00 AM to 9:00 AM
- 辰刻法 (shinkokuhō): a timekeeping method used during the Edo period, using six hours for the day and six for the night
- 辰沙 (shinsha), 辰砂 (shinsha), 辰砂 (shinsa): cinnabar, mercury sulfide: a common ore of mercury
- 辰砂油 (shinshayu): cinnabar oil, vermilion oil: cinnabar mixed with oil, used to treat dermatitis
- 辰宿 (shinshuku): a constellation
- 辰祭り (tatsu matsuri): "dragon festival": a ceremony in Edo-period Japan, held at the houses of the wealthy in the hour of the dragon on the first day of the dragon after New Years
- 辰松 (Tatsumatsu): the name of a family of traditional Japanese puppeteers
- 辰松風 (Tatsumatsu-fū): a men's hairstyle popular in the middle of the Edo period, popularized by a noted puppeteer of the Takamatsu family
- 辰星 (Shinsei), 辰星 (Tachimiboshi): alternate name for the planet Mercury; alternate name for the star Antares
- 辰年 (tatsudoshi): the year of the dragon under the Chinese zodiac
- 辰巳 (tatsumi): between the dragon and the snake: around 9:00 AM on the clock, or southeast on the compass
- 辰巳下り (tatsumi sagari), 辰巳下 (tatsumi sagari): gentle and refined of speech and manner
- 辰巳上り (tatsumi agari), 辰巳上 (tatsumi agari): shrill and loud of speech, crude and course of manner; a woman from the Fukugawa red-light district in Edo
- 辰巳言葉 (tatsumi kotoba): a slang or argot used by the prostitutes and geisha of the Fukugawa red-light district in Edo
- 辰巳調子 (tatsumi chōshi): shrill and loud of speech, crude and course of manner
- 忌辰 (kishin): deathday; anniversary of a person's death
- 時辰 (jishin): time
- 星辰 (seishin): star
- 誕辰 (tanshin): birthday
- 北辰 (hokushin): North Star; polestar
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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辰 |
たつ Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
From the verb たつ (tatsu, “to get up, to take off”) (whence also 竜 (tatsu, “dragon”)), from the notion of a dragon flying.
Pronunciation
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Proper noun
- the Dragon, the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches
Noun
- by extension from the zodiac:
- the name of the year or day corresponding to the fifth in a cycle of twelve
- roughly east-southeast, specifically 30° south of due east (i.e. a bearing of 120°)
- the hour of the dragon, specifically 7:00 AM to 9:00 AM; sometimes treated as 8:00 AM to 10:00 AM instead
- alternate name for 三月 (sangatsu, “the month of March”)
Derived terms
- 辰の市 (tatsu no ichi): in the Yamato kingdom of ancient Japan, markets held every day of the dragon
- 辰の一点 (tatsu no itten): the first 30 minutes of the hour of the dragon
- 辰の刻 (tatsu no koku): the hour of the dragon
- 辰の時 (tatsu no toki): the hour of the dragon
- 辰に巻いて巳にこぼす (tatsu ni maite mi ni kobosu): sunny one day, rainy the next
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
辰 |
しん Jinmeiyō |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 辰 (dzyin)
Proper noun
- the Dragon, the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches
Korean
Hanja
辰 • (jin, sin)
- Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 진, 신 (revised: jin, sin, McCune–Reischauer: chin, sin, Yale: cin, sin)
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Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 辰 (thìn, thần, thì)
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