陸

See also: 陆 and 六

Translingual

Han character

陸 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 弓中土金土 (NLGCG), four-corner 7421₄, composition ⿰⻖坴)

Derived characters

• 𦸐, 𥨁, 𥲎

Related characters

• 陆 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1355, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41708
• Dae Jaweon: page 1858, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4134, character 5
• Unihan data for U+9678

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Chinese

trad.		陸
simp.		陆
alternative forms		𨽐

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 陸
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Shizhoupian script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (坴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
睦	*mluɡ
坴	*m·ruɡ
陸	*m·ruɡ
稑	*ruɡ
鵱	*ruɡ
鯥	*ruɡ
淕	*ruɡ
踛	*ruɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ruɡ) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 坴 (OC *m·ruɡ).

Etymology 1

Perhaps related to Proto-Wa (*[ʔ]rok, "dry land") (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lù (lu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): luk⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): liu̍k

  (Meixian, Guangdong): liug⁶

• Northern Min (KCR): lṳ̀
• Eastern Min (BUC): lṳ̆k
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lio̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lêg⁸ / log⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵loq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lù
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lù
    • Wade–Giles: lu⁴
    • Yale: lù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
    • Palladius: лу (lu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: luk⁶
    • Yale: luhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: luk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: liug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯uk̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: liug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /liʊk̚⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̀
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly⁴²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lṳ̆k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃yʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔk̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: lêg⁸ / log⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: le̍k / lo̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lek̚⁴/, /lok̚⁴/

Note:

• lêg8 - vernacular;
• log8 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵loq
    • MiniDict: 'loh^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²'loq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /loʔ³⁴/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 陸
Mandarin	Beijing	/lu⁵¹/
	Harbin	/lu⁵³/
	Tianjin	/lu⁵³/
	Jinan	/lu²¹/
	Qingdao	/lu⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lu²⁴/
	Xi'an	/lu²¹/
	Xining	/lv̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/lu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/lu¹³/
	Ürümqi	/lu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nəu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nu³¹/
	Guiyang	/nu²¹/
	Kunming	/lu³¹/
	Nanjing	/luʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/luəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/luəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/luʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/luəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/loʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/loʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/loʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/lɤu²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/lo²²/
	Tunxi	/ləu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ləu²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/nəɯ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/luʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/liuk̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/liuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lok̚²/
	Nanning	/luk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/luk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/liɔk̚⁵/ /lak̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/løyʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ly⁴²/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/lek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/lok̚⁵/ ～地 /lok̚³/ ～續

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• Middle Chinese: ljuwk

Rime
Character	陸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力竹切
Baxter	ljuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/liuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/liuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luwk̚/
Li Rong	/liuk̚/
Wang Li	/lĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	luk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]uk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*m·ruɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	陸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lù
Middle Chinese	‹ ljuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]uk/
English	land (as opposed to water)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	陸
Reading #	1/1
No.	8533
Phonetic component	坴
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	六
Old Chinese	/*m·ruɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 陸

1. land; continent; mainland
2. Short for 中國大陸／中国大陆 (Zhōngguó dàlù, “mainland China”).
3. Short for 陸軍／陆军 (lùjūn, “army”).
4. a surname

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liù (liu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): luk⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): liuk

  (Meixian, Guangdong): liug⁵

• Eastern Min (BUC): lĕ̤k
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): la̍k / lio̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lag⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵loq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liù
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liòu
    • Wade–Giles: liu⁴
    • Yale: lyòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liow
    • Palladius: лю (lju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯oʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: luk⁶
    • Yale: luhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: luk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: liug`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯uk̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: liug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /liʊk̚¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lĕ̤k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃øyʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍k / lio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: la̍k / lio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lak, liok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lak̚⁴/, /liɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lak̚²⁴/, /liɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lak̚¹²¹/, /liɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lak̚⁴/, /liɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lak̚⁴/, /liɔk̚⁴/

Note:

• la̍k - vernacular;
• lio̍k - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: lag⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: la̍k
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lak̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵loq
    • MiniDict: 'loh^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²'loq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /loʔ³⁴/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 陸

1. (financial) (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 六 (liù, “six”).

See also

Chinese numbers
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	102	103	104	106	108	1012
Normal (小寫／小写)	〇, 零, 空	一, 蜀	二, 兩／两	三	四	五	六	七	八	九	十	百	千	萬／万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)	百萬／百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines)	億／亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial (大寫／大写)	零	壹	貳／贰	參／叁	肆	伍	陸／陆	柒	捌	玖	拾	佰	仟

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Japanese

Kanji

陸

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. land
2. six (financial form)

Readings

• Go-on: ろく (roku)
• Kan-on: りく (riku, Jōyō)
• Kun: おか (oka, 陸)^{←をか (woka, 陸, historical)}; くが (kuga, 陸)
• Nanori: たち (tachi); みち (michi); む (mu); むつ (mutsu)

Synonyms

• (six): 六

Adjectival noun

陸(ろく) • (roku) -na (adnominal 陸(ろく)な (roku na), adverbial 陸(ろく)に (roku ni))

1. satisfactory

Inflection

Inflection of 陸

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	陸だろ	ろくだろ	roku daro
Continuative (連用形)	陸で	ろくで	roku de
Terminal (終止形)	陸だ	ろくだ	roku da
Attributive (連体形)	陸な	ろくな	roku na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	陸なら	ろくなら	roku nara
Imperative (命令形)	陸であれ	ろくであれ	roku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	陸ではない 陸じゃない	ろくではない ろくじゃない	roku de wa nai roku ja nai
Informal past	陸だった	ろくだった	roku datta
Informal negative past	陸ではなかった 陸じゃなかった	ろくではなかった ろくじゃなかった	roku de wa nakatta roku ja nakatta
Formal	陸です	ろくです	roku desu
Formal negative	陸ではありません 陸じゃありません	ろくではありません ろくじゃありません	roku de wa arimasen roku ja arimasen
Formal past	陸でした	ろくでした	roku deshita
Formal negative past	陸ではありませんでした 陸じゃありませんでした	ろくではありませんでした ろくじゃありませんでした	roku de wa arimasen deshita roku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	陸で	ろくで	roku de
Conditional	陸なら（ば）	ろくなら（ば）	roku nara (ba)
Provisional	陸だったら	ろくだったら	roku dattara
Volitional	陸だろう	ろくだろう	roku darō
Adverbial	陸に	ろくに	roku ni
Degree	陸さ	ろくさ	rokusa

Noun

陸(おか) • (oka) 

1. land; shore

Noun

陸(ろく) • (roku) 

1. (law) the number six, 6 (used in legal documents only, otherwise 六)
2. being satisfactory

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Korean

Hanja

陸 • (ryuk>yuk)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 륙>육
  • Name (hangeul): 뭍
    

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 陸 (lục)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.