-ek

See also: ek, ek-, ék, -ék, Ek, EK, and ÉK

Basque

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ek

1. Ergative plural suffix.

   Txakurrek katuak jan dituzte. ― The dogs have eaten the cats.

Declension

Basque inflectional suffixes
		indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive		-∅	-a	-ak	-ok
ergative		-(e)k	-ak	-ek
dative		-(r)i	-ari	-ei	-oi
genitive		-(r)en	-aren	-en	-on
comitative		-(r)ekin	-arekin	-ekin	-okin
causative		-(r)engatik	-arengatik	-engatik	-ongatik
benefactive		-(r)entzat	-arentzat	-entzat	-ontzat
instrumental		-(e)z	-az	-ez	-oz
inessive	anim.	-(r)engan	-arengan	-engan	-ongan
	inanim.	-(e)tan	-an	-etan	-otan
locative	anim.	―	―	―	―
	inanim.	-(e)tako	-(e)ko	-etako	-otako
allative	anim.	-(r)engana	-arengana	-engana	-ongana
	inanim.	-(e)tara	-(e)ra	-etara	-otara
terminative	anim.	-(r)enganaino	-arenganaino	-enganaino	-onganaino
	inanim.	-(e)taraino	-(e)raino	-etaraino	-otaraino
directive	anim.	-(r)enganantz	-arenganantz	-enganantz	-onganantz
	inanim.	-(e)tarantz	-(e)rantz	-etarantz	-otarantz
destinative	anim.	-(r)enganako	-arenganako	-enganako	-onganako
	inanim.	-(e)tarako	-(e)rako	-etarako	-otarako
ablative	anim.	-(r)engandik	-arengandik	-engandik	-ongandik
	inanim.	-(e)tatik	-(e)tik	-etik	-otik
partitive		-(r)ik	―	―	―
prolative		-tzat	―	―	―

Etymology 2

From -e- (epenthetic vowel) +‎ -k (ergative suffix).

Suffix

-ek

1. Alternative form of -k (ergative indefinite suffix) used after consonant-ending stems.

Declension

Basque inflectional suffixes
		indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive		-∅	-a	-ak	-ok
ergative		-(e)k	-ak	-ek
dative		-(r)i	-ari	-ei	-oi
genitive		-(r)en	-aren	-en	-on
comitative		-(r)ekin	-arekin	-ekin	-okin
causative		-(r)engatik	-arengatik	-engatik	-ongatik
benefactive		-(r)entzat	-arentzat	-entzat	-ontzat
instrumental		-(e)z	-az	-ez	-oz
inessive	anim.	-(r)engan	-arengan	-engan	-ongan
	inanim.	-(e)tan	-an	-etan	-otan
locative	anim.	―	―	―	―
	inanim.	-(e)tako	-(e)ko	-etako	-otako
allative	anim.	-(r)engana	-arengana	-engana	-ongana
	inanim.	-(e)tara	-(e)ra	-etara	-otara
terminative	anim.	-(r)enganaino	-arenganaino	-enganaino	-onganaino
	inanim.	-(e)taraino	-(e)raino	-etaraino	-otaraino
directive	anim.	-(r)enganantz	-arenganantz	-enganantz	-onganantz
	inanim.	-(e)tarantz	-(e)rantz	-etarantz	-otarantz
destinative	anim.	-(r)enganako	-arenganako	-enganako	-onganako
	inanim.	-(e)tarako	-(e)rako	-etarako	-otarako
ablative	anim.	-(r)engandik	-arengandik	-engandik	-ongandik
	inanim.	-(e)tatik	-(e)tik	-etik	-otik
partitive		-(r)ik	―	―	―
prolative		-tzat	―	―	―

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Breton

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ek/

Suffix

-ek

1. Adjectival suffix

   ‎douar (“earth”) + ‎-ek → ‎douarek (“earthy, earthly”)

   ‎dour (“water”) + ‎-ek → ‎dourek (“watery, humid”)

   ‎houarn (“iron”) + ‎-ek → ‎houarnek (“ferrous”)

Derived terms

Breton terms suffixed with -ek

Related terms

• -eg

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Cornish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-ɛk]
• IPA^(key): [-ɐk]

Suffix

-ek

1. Adjectival suffix

   ‎mor (“sea”) + ‎-ek → ‎morek (“maritime”)

   ‎spern (“thorn bushes”) + ‎-ek → ‎spernek (“thorny”)

   ‎Frynk (“France”) + ‎-ek → ‎frynkek (“French”)

Derived terms

Cornish terms suffixed with -ek

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Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

Suffix

-ek m

1. forms masculine diminutive nouns

   ‎stůl + ‎-ek → ‎stolek

Declension

inanimate declension:

animate declension:

Derived terms

Czech terms suffixed with -ek

Further reading

• Template:R:Slovnik afixu

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Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛk]
• Rhymes: -ɛk

Etymology 1

-e- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (plural suffix)

Suffix

-ek

2. (plural suffix) -s, -es

   kert (“garden”) → kertek (“gardens”)

Usage notes

• (plural suffix) Variants:

  -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  ‎nő (“woman”) + ‎-k → ‎nők (“women”)

  ‎fa (“tree”) + ‎-k → ‎fák (“trees”)

  ‎csésze (“cup”) + ‎-k → ‎csészék (“cups”)

  -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:

  ‎ház (“house”) + ‎-ak → ‎házak (“houses”)

  -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:

  ‎pad (“bench”) + ‎-ok → ‎padok (“benches”)

  -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:

  ‎kert (“garden”) + ‎-ek → ‎kertek (“gardens”)

  ‎könyv (“book”) + ‎-ek → ‎könyvek (“books”)

  -ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:

  ‎kör (“circle”) + ‎-ök → ‎körök (“circles”)

• Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (“three books”), néhány óra múlva (“in a few hours’ time”). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (“the Three Magi”), mindenszentek (“All Saints”), and certain archaic phrases with összes (“all”) and minden (“every”) (see their Usage notes).
• The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (“smart/clever ones”). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (“Italians”), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (“green ones”), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
• If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (“players”, noun) and játékosak (“playful”, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (“acquaintances”, noun) and ismerősek (“familiar”, adjective as part of a plural predicate).

Etymology 2

-e- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (personal suffix)

Suffix

-ek

2. (personal suffix) Used to form the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).

   kér (“to ask”) → kérek (“I ask, I am asking”)

Usage notes

    Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes

Person		Back     vowel	Front vowel
			unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-ok	-ek	-ök
	-ik verbs (optional)	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-sz
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-asz	-esz
	after s, sz, z, dz	-ol	-el	-öl
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	–
	-ik verbs	-ik
mi	1st person plural	-unk	-ünk
ti	2nd person plural	-tok	-tek	-tök
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-otok	-etek	-ötök
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-nak	-nek
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anak	-enek
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

• (personal suffix) Variants:

  -ok is added to back-vowel verbs

  -ek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs

  -ök is added to rounded front-vowel verbs

  -om may be added to back-vowel -ik verbs

  -em may be added to unrounded front-vowel -ik verbs

  -öm may be added to rounded front-vowel -ik verbs

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Category:Hungarian verb forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

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Northern Kurdish

Etymology

Cognate with yek (“one”).

Article

-ek

1. a, an (indefinite article)

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Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

Alternative forms

• -ik, -yk (masculine)
• -ka (feminine)
• -ko (neuter)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛk
• Syllabification: ek

Suffix

-ek m (diminutive -eczek)

1. masculine diminutive noun suffix

   ‎dół + ‎-ek → ‎dołek

   ‎Jarosław + ‎-ek → ‎Jarek

Declension

Masculine personal:

Declension of -ek

	singular	plural
nominative	-ek	-kowie / -ki
genitive	-ka	-ków
dative	-kowi	-kom
accusative	-ka	-ków
instrumental	-kiem	-kami
locative	-ku	-kach
vocative	-ku	-kowie / -ki

Note: The masculine personal nominative plural ending -ki is rare and mostly limited to depreciative forms or humorous expressions such as bawidamek, gagatek, złodziejaszek, hultajek, psotniczek, łobuziaczek.

Masculine animate:

Declension of -ek

	singular	plural
nominative	-ek	-ki
genitive	-ka	-ków
dative	-kowi	-kom
accusative	-ka	-ki
instrumental	-kiem	-kami
locative	-ku	-kach
vocative	-ku	-ki

Masculine inanimate:

Declension of -ek

	singular	plural
nominative	-ek	-ki
genitive	-ka / -ku	-ków
dative	-kowi	-kom
accusative	-ek	-ki
instrumental	-kiem	-kami
locative	-ku	-kach
vocative	-ku	-ki

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -ek

See also

• -ś (forming nicknames)

Further reading

• -ek in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• -ek in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Serbo-Croatian

Suffix

-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)

1. Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs or nouns to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.

   • Proto-Slavic *dalь + -ek → dalek (“far”).

See also

• -ak
• -ok

Suffix

-ek (Cyrillic spelling -ек)

1. (Kajkavian) Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a performer, feature, human relation, result of an action, object, diminutive or a proper name.

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Turkish

Alternative forms

• -ak

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish ـك (-ek), from Proto-Turkic *-gek.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ek/

Suffix

-ek

1. Creates nouns out of verbs.

   • küre- (“to shovel”) + -ek → kürek (“shovel”).
   • gevre- (“to become crisp”) + -ek → gevrek (“crisp”).

Derived terms

Turkish terms suffixed with -ek

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Yup'ik

Suffix

-ek

1. ablative-modalis case ending

Usage notes

A historical merger of ablative and modalis (instrumental). It performs a wide range of adverbial and syntactic functions.