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U+80A9, 肩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80A9

[U+80A8]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+80AA]

Translingual

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Japanese
Simplified
Traditional

Alternative forms

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The form differs between traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, and Japanese shinjitai, as depicted at right. These are represented by the same Unicode code point; see Han unification.

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 130, +4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸月 (HSB) or 戈尸月 (ISB), four-corner 30227, composition or or )

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 975, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29299
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1426, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2052, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+80A9

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts


References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Etymology

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Cognate with Proto-Kam-Sui *k-xiːn¹ (arm), Proto-Tai *qeːnᴬ (arm) (whence Thai แขน (kɛ̌ɛn, arm)) (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k(w/y)an (shoulder).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • keng/kaiⁿ/kuiⁿ/kan - vernacular;
  • kian - literary.
Note:
  • goin1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
  • gain1 - Jieyang, Chaoyang, Huilai, Puning.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Baxter ken
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ken/
Pan
Wuyun
/ken/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kɛn/
Li
Rong
/ken/
Wang
Li
/kien/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gin1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiān
Middle
Chinese
‹ ken ›
Old
Chinese
/*[k]ˁe[n]/
English shoulder (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 6023
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*keːn/

Definitions

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  1. shoulder
  2. to shoulder; to undertake; to take on
  3. to bear

Synonyms

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  • (shoulders):
  • (to bear):
edit

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1]

肩󠄁
+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
肩󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

  1. shoulder

Readings

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  • Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かた (kata, , Jōyō)

Pronunciation

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Kanji in this term
かた
Grade: S
kun'yomi
  on Japanese Wikipedia

Noun

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(かた) (kata

  1. a shoulder
    • 2013 April 7 [2012 December 9], ONE with Murata, Yusuke, “(さん)(げき)() (さい)(がい)(そん)(ざい) [3rd Hit: Existential Crisis]”, in [ONEPUNCH-MAN](【ワンパンマン】) [One-Punch Man], 6th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 53:
      (かた)(かた)に (かた)()ってる(やつ)(ころ)せ‼
      Kata! Kata ni Kata ni notteru yatsu o korose‼
      Shoulder! Your shoulder! Kill the bastard on your shoulder!!

References

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  1. ^ ”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC ken). Recorded as Middle Korean (kyen) (Yale: kyen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 어깨 (eokkae gyeon))

  1. hanja form? of (shoulder)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]