grind
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English grinden, from Old English grindan, (cognate with Dutch grinden (obsolete, "to grind") grind (“gravel, shingle”), from Proto-Germanic *grindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ- (“crushing”). Compare Saterland Frisian griene (“to grind; mill”), Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”).
Pronunciation
Verb
grind (third-person singular simple present grinds, present participle grinding, simple past and past participle ground or grinded) (see usage notes below)
- (transitive) To reduce to smaller pieces by crushing with lateral motion.
- (transitive) To shape with the force of friction.
- grind a lens; grind an axe
- (metalworking) To remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface.
- (intransitive) To become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction.
- This corn grinds well.
- Steel grinds to a sharp edge.
- To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.
- (sports, intransitive) To slide the flat portion of a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle such as a railing.
- (transitive) To oppress, hold down or weaken.
- (slang, intransitive) To rotate the hips erotically.
- (slang) To dance in a sexually suggestive way with both partners in very close proximity, often pressed against each other.
- (video games, intransitive) To repeat a task a large number of times in a row to achieve a specific goal.
- 2015 February 14, Steven Strom, “Evolve Review: Middle of the food chain”, in Ars Technica[1]:
- To extend the variety past that, you'll need to unlock new units in each class, meaning you have to grind through the rather lengthy process of using every one of your class’ weapons and skills significantly across several matches.
- (transitive) To operate by turning a crank.
- to grind an organ
- To produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank.
- (computing, dated) To automatically format and indent code.
- To instill through repetitive teaching.
- Grinding lessons into students' heads does not motivate them to learn.
- (slang, Hawaii) To eat.
- Eh, brah, let's go grind.
- (intransitive, slang) To work or study hard; to hustle or drudge.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Farrar to this entry?)
- (transitive, slang) To annoy or irritate (a person); to grind one's gears.
- 2003, Steven Wunderink, Minding Your Spiritual Business: Life Stories with Life Sense, page 139:
- I need to pontificate on something that really grinds me. So here goes. I am sick and tired of lazy thinkers using the defense of “legislated morality.”
Usage notes
- In the sports and video game senses, the past participle and past tense form grinded is often used instead of the irregular form ground.
- Historically, there also existed a past participle form grounden, but it is now archaic or obsolete.
- When used to denote sexually suggestive dancing between two partners, the past participle and past tense form grinded is almost always used.
Conjugation
- Strong conjugation
infinitive | (to) grind | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | grind | grinded | |
2nd-person singular | |||
3rd-person singular | grinds | ||
plural | grind | ||
subjunctive | grind | grinded | |
imperative | grind | — | |
participles | grinding | grinded |
- Weak conjugation
infinitive | (to) grind | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | grind | grinded | |
2nd-person singular | |||
3rd-person singular | grinds | ||
plural | grind | ||
subjunctive | grind | grinded | |
imperative | grind | — | |
participles | grinding | grinded |
Derived terms
Translations
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Noun
grind (countable and uncountable, plural grinds)
- The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.
- Something that has been reduced to powder, something that has been ground.
- A specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans.
- This bag contains espresso grind.
- A tedious and laborious task.
- Synonym: chore
- This homework is a grind.
- A grinding trick on a skateboard or snowboard.
- (archaic, slang) One who studies hard; a swot.
- 1911, Sunset (volume 27, page 440)
- […] I suppose I don't know much about books, compared with you—”
“Oh, I was never much of a grind,” the other cut in hastily.
- […] I suppose I don't know much about books, compared with you—”
- 1911, Sunset (volume 27, page 440)
- (uncountable) Grindcore (subgenre of heavy metal)
- (slang) hustle (Can we add an example for this sense?)
Translations
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Etymology 2
From Faroese grind (“pilot-whale meat”).
Pronunciation
Noun
grind (plural grinds)
- A traditional communal pilot whale hunt in the Faroe Islands.
Synonyms
Anagrams
Albanian
Etymology
Possibly a nasal variant of gërdhij, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ- (compare English grind, Lithuanian gréndžiu (“to scrape, scratch”).
Verb
grind (aorist grinda, participle grindur)
Related terms
Dutch
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch grint, grinde, from Old Dutch *grinda, from Proto-Germanic *grindō (“sand, pebbles”).
Alternative forms
Noun
grind n (uncountable)
Derived terms
Descendants
- Afrikaans: grint
Etymology 2
Germanic, perhaps from the above root as a crusty rash
Alternative forms
Noun
grind n (uncountable)
Synonyms
- schurft m
Derived terms
- grindig (adjective)
Anagrams
Faroese
Etymology 1
From Old Norse grind (“grind”)
Noun
grind f (genitive singular grindar, plural grindir)
Declension
Declension of grind | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f2 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | grind | grindin | grindir | grindirnar |
accusative | grind | grindina | grindir | grindirnar |
dative | grind | grindini | grindum | grindunum |
genitive | grindar | grindarinnar | grinda | grindanna |
Etymology 2
The term is a Faroese invention. A school of pilot whales reminds of a framework (see grind above) in the sea, by swimming very close to each other. The Faroese term was loaned in many other languages; compare German Grindwal, Danish grindehval or Dutch griend. More likely the word is related to the English word ground and refers to the whales frequently being grounded or easily driven onto ground.
Noun
grind f (genitive singular grindar, plural grindir)
- A school of grindahvalur (pilot whales)
- The tvøst (meat) and spik (blubber) of the pilot whales
- The act of pilot whaling, grindadráp
- (figuratively) An unexpected meal
Declension
Declension of grind | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f2 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | grind | grindin | grindir | grindirnar |
accusative | grind | grindina | grindir | grindirnar |
dative | grind | grindini | grindum | grindunum |
genitive | grindar | grindarinnar | grinda | grindanna |
Descendants
- Danish: grindehval
- Dutch: griend
- German: Grindwal
- Russian: гри́нда (grínda)
- Ukrainian: гри́нда (hrýnda)
Icelandic
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Noun
grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)
Declension
Declension of grind | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f-s3 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | grind | grindin | grindur | grindurnar |
accusative | grind | grindina | grindur | grindurnar |
dative | grind | grindinni | grindum | grindunum |
genitive | grindar | grindarinnar | grinda | grindanna |
Etymology 2
Noun
grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)
Declension
Declension of grind | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f-s3 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | grind | grindin | grindur | grindurnar |
accusative | grind | grindina | grindur | grindurnar |
dative | grind | grindinni | grindum | grindunum |
genitive | grindar | grindarinnar | grinda | grindanna |
Synonyms
- (pilot whale): grindahvalur, marsvín
Anagrams
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
Noun
grind f or m (definite singular grinda or grinden, indefinite plural grinder, definite plural grindene)
Derived terms
References
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
grind f (definite singular grinda, indefinite plural grinder, definite plural grindene)
Derived terms
References
- “grind” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish grind, from Old Norse grind, from Proto-Germanic *grindiz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ-.
Noun
grind c
Declension
Declension of grind | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | grind | grinden | grindar | grindarna |
Genitive | grinds | grindens | grindars | grindarnas |
Anagrams
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/aɪnd
- English lemmas
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Metalworking
- English intransitive verbs
- en:Sports
- English slang
- en:Video games
- English terms with quotations
- en:Computing
- English dated terms
- Hawaiian English
- Requests for quotations/Farrar
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with archaic senses
- English terms borrowed from Faroese
- English terms derived from Faroese
- Rhymes:English/ɪnd
- English class 3 strong verbs
- English irregular verbs
- en:Coffee
- en:Hunting
- en:Musical genres
- Albanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian verbs
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪnt
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch uncountable nouns
- Dutch neuter nouns
- nl:Geology
- Dutch terms with archaic senses
- nl:Pathology
- Faroese terms inherited from Old Norse
- Faroese terms derived from Old Norse
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese nouns
- Faroese entries with topic categories using raw markup
- Faroese feminine nouns
- fo:Foods
- Icelandic 1-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɪnt
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic nouns
- Icelandic feminine nouns
- Icelandic countable nouns
- Icelandic terms borrowed from Faroese
- Icelandic terms derived from Faroese
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål feminine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns with multiple genders
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk feminine nouns
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- sv:Computing