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U+53F2, 史
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F2

[U+53F1]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+53F3]

Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 30, +2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中大 (LK), four-corner 50006, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 173, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3249
  • Dae Jaweon: page 384, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 571, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+53F2

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – (OC *ɢʷɯs, “hand”) holding a fountain pen resembling (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs)

Etymology

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"to send, to employ, to cause"
Causative derivation of (OC rəʔ) "envoy (Zuo)" , "jail-official" (Guanzi), "marriage go-between", which is perhaps the same word as (OC rəʔ) "to administer" (Schuessler 2007); the sense "scribe, historian" is derived from this.
"scribe, historian"
Possibly from Austroasiatic; Schuessler (2007) compared (OC *rɯʔ), (OC *rɯs, “official”), (OC *srɯʔ, “scribe, historian”), and 使 (OC *srɯʔ, *srɯs, “ambassador”) to Old Khmer re (to move, change position) & its derivatives Old Khmer pre (to send, order, assign, appoint, delegate, use, employ, make), in turn related to paṃre (to serve; service, duty; servant, delegate, representative, minister); with Sino-Tibetan causative *s- corresponding to Khmer causative *p-.
Alternatively, Unger (1990) and Starostin & Peiros (1996) derived (OC *srɯʔ) "scribe, secretary" from (OC *rɯʔ) "to mark, to draw lines", which, while cognate with Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, to write, to draw), apparently never meant "to write, to record".

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • sír/sú/sí - literary;
  • sái - vernacular.
Note: su2 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (21)
Final () (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter sriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʃɨX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʃɨX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʃieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʂɨX/
Li
Rong
/ʃiəX/
Wang
Li
/ʃĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʂiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
si2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shǐ
Middle
Chinese
‹ sriX ›
Old
Chinese
/*s-rəʔ/
English scribe

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11487
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*srɯʔ/

Definitions

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  1. history
    歐洲欧洲  ―  Ōuzhōu shǐ  ―  European history
    近代  ―  jìndàishǐ  ―  modern history
    無前例无前例  ―  shǐwúqiánlì  ―  unprecedented (literally, “no precedent in history”)
  2. (historical) court historian; scribe
  3. historical record; book recording history
      ―  zhèngshǐ  ―  official historical records
    二十四  ―  “èrshísìshǐ  ―  Twenty-Four Histories
  4. a surname
      ―  Shǐ Kěfǎ  ―  Shi Kefa

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
Grade: 5

Kanji

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(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. record, recording
  2. history

Readings

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  • Go-on: (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: (shi, Jōyō)
  • On: (ji)
  • Kun: ふひと (fuhito, )ふびと (fubito, )ふみ (fumi, )さかん (sakan)

Proper noun

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(ひろし) (Hiroshi

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC sriX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄉᆞᆼ〯 (Yale: )
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] ᄉᆞ〯긧〮 (Yale: sǒkúy-s) ᄉᆞ〯 (Yale: )

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 사기(史記) (sagi sa))

  1. hanja form? of (history) [noun, suffix]

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: sử

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.