diri
Azerbaijani
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Turkic *dīri-.
The sense “undercooked, not overcooked (of rice)“ might have developed from the sense “undercooked (of meat)", the sense “undercooked“ in applying the notion of meat still containing blood, thus being “alive“. Compare Crimean Tatar tiri (“undercooked, of meat”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Adjective
[edit]diri (comparative daha diri, superlative ən diri)
- living, which is alive
- lively, vivid, vivacious
- of rice etc.
- stiff, undercooked, half-done, raw
- Xorəyin düyüsü diridir. ― The rice of the dish is [stil] raw.
- Synonym: çiy
- crumbly, friable, not overcooked
- stiff, undercooked, half-done, raw
Noun
[edit]diri (definite accusative dirini, plural dirilər)
- living person
- Ölülərimi, dirilərimi təhqir etdilər.
- They insulted dead and living relatives of mine.
- (literally, “They insulted my living and my dead.”)
Declension
[edit]Declension of diri | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | diri |
dirilər | ||||||
definite accusative | dirini |
diriləri | ||||||
dative | diriyə |
dirilərə | ||||||
locative | diridə |
dirilərdə | ||||||
ablative | diridən |
dirilərdən | ||||||
definite genitive | dirinin |
dirilərin |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Tağıyev M. T. et al., editors (2006), “diri”, in Azərbaycanca-rusca lüğət [Azerbaijani–Russian Dictionary], volume I, Baku: Şərq-Qərb, page 791a
Cebuano
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di-di,[1] from *di + *-di, from Proto-Austronesian *di. Related to kari (“this”), ngari (“hither”), and ari (“to come”), in a similar pattern with other Cebuano demonstrative pronouns.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]dirí
- here (place closer to speaker than listener)
- (colloquial) here (place near both the speaker and the listener)
- Synonym: dinhi
See also
[edit]Direct* | Indirect* | Oblique | Locative | Allative | Existential** | Interjection** | Manner** | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | ||||
Near speaker*** | karí kirí |
ri | niari niiri |
ari iri |
kan-ari† kan-iri† |
dirí | ngarí | adia | dia | diará | dará | ingon ari | Ø |
Near speaker and listener*** | kaní kiní |
ni | niani niini |
ani ini |
kan-ani† kan-ini† |
dinhi | nganhi | ania | nia | niará | Ø | ingon ani | ing-ani in-ani |
Near listener | kanâ | nà | nianà | anà | kan-anà† | dinhà dirâ |
nganhà ngarâ |
anaa | naa | naará | nará | ingon anà | ing-anà in-anà |
Remote | kadto kató |
to | niadto niato |
adto ato |
kan-adto† | didto | ngadto | atua | tua | tuará | turá | ingon adto ingon ato |
ing-ato in-ato |
†Archaic *When the demonstrative is used as a predicate, the full form must be used. Short forms never start sentences. **Full and short forms used interchangeably. Full forms may be more formal, while short forms may be more colloquial. ***These two series may be conflated in colloquial Cebuano. |
References
[edit]Esperanto
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from French dire and Italian dire.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]diri (present diras, past diris, future diros, conditional dirus, volitive diru)
- to say, tell
- Diru al mi vian sekreton! ― Tell me your secret!
- Oni diras, ke la vetero estas pli agrabla tie. ― They say the weather is more pleasant there.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of diri
|
See also
[edit]- paroli (“to speak”)
Haitian Creole
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]diri
- rice
- W renmen manje diri blan?
- Do you like to eat white rice?
Hypernyms
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Clipping and -i diminutive of direktor.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]diri (plural dirik)
- (colloquial, dated) Synonym of igazgató (“principal [in school], director, manager”)
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | diri | dirik |
accusative | dirit | diriket |
dative | dirinek | diriknek |
instrumental | dirivel | dirikkel |
causal-final | diriért | dirikért |
translative | dirivé | dirikké |
terminative | diriig | dirikig |
essive-formal | diriként | dirikként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | diriben | dirikben |
superessive | dirin | diriken |
adessive | dirinél | diriknél |
illative | diribe | dirikbe |
sublative | dirire | dirikre |
allative | dirihez | dirikhez |
elative | diriből | dirikből |
delative | diriről | dirikről |
ablative | diritől | diriktől |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
dirié | diriké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
diriéi | dirikéi |
Possessive forms of diri | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | dirim | dirijeim (or diriim) |
2nd person sing. | dirid | dirijeid (or diriid) |
3rd person sing. | dirije | dirijei (or dirii) |
1st person plural | dirink | dirijeink (or diriink) |
2nd person plural | diritek | dirijeitek (or diriitek) |
3rd person plural | dirijük | dirijeik (or diriik) |
Further reading
[edit]- diri in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- diri in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Malay diri, from Proto-Malayic *diri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *diRi (“to stand”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]diri (first-person possessive diriku, second-person possessive dirimu, third-person possessive dirinya)
- ego, self
- (psychology) ego: The most central part of the mind, which mediates with one's surroundings.
- Synonym: ego
- (psychology) ego: The most central part of the mind, which mediates with one's surroundings.
- person
Prefix
[edit]diri-
- use similar to English suffix -self
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “diri” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Malayic *diri, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hadiʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *Sadiʀi.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]diri (Jawi spelling ديري)
- (intransitive) to stand
- (transitive) to establish
Derived terms
[edit]Regular affixed derivations:
- pendiri [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- pendirian [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
- berpendirian [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + stative / habitual + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + beR- + -an)
- berdiri [stative / habitual] (beR-)
- mendirikan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- didirikan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
- terdiri [agentless action] (teR-)
Descendants
[edit]- Indonesian: diri
Noun
[edit]diri (Jawi spelling ديري, plural diri-diri, informal 1st possessive diriku, 2nd possessive dirimu, 3rd possessive dirinya)
Derived terms
[edit]Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
Descendants
[edit]- Indonesian: diri
Further reading
[edit]- “diri” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Mauritian Creole
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]diri
References
[edit]- Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. 1987. Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français
Sumerian
[edit]Romanization
[edit]diri
- Romanization of 𒋛𒀀 (diri)
Tagalog
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zizi (“disgusted; revolted”). Cognate with Malay jijik and Javanese ꦗꦶꦗꦶꦏ꧀ (jijik).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog)
- Syllabification: di‧ri
Noun
[edit]diri (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜇᜒ)
- disgust; revulsion; dislike of something dirty or foul
- Synonyms: rimarim, panririmarim, pangangani
- abhorrence; loathing; detestation
- Synonyms: suya, pagkasuya, suklam, pagkasuklam
Derived terms
[edit]Adjective
[edit]dirí (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒᜇᜒ)
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “diri”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
- Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*zizi”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ottoman Turkish دیری (diri), from Proto-Turkic *tīri-.
Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (tirig), Kazakh тірі (tırı), Kyrgyz тири (tiri), Uzbek tirik, Turkmen diri, and Chuvash чӗрӗ (čĕrĕ, “alive, living”).
Adjective
[edit]diri
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “diri”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “دیری”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 935
- Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN
Waray-Waray
[edit]Adverb
[edit]diri
Interjection
[edit]diri
- Azerbaijani terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Azerbaijani terms with audio links
- Azerbaijani lemmas
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- Azerbaijani terms with collocations
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- Cebuano terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
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- Rhymes:Esperanto/iri
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- Haitian Creole terms derived from French
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- ht:Grains
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- Rhymes:Hungarian/ri
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ri/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
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- Rhymes:Indonesian/ri
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- Indonesian lemmas
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- id:Psychology
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- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
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- Rhymes:Malay/i
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- Mauritian Creole terms derived from French
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- Sumerian non-lemma forms
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- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
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- Tagalog 2-syllable words
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- Rhymes:Tagalog/iɾi
- Rhymes:Tagalog/iɾi/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Tagalog/i
- Rhymes:Tagalog/i/2 syllables
- Tagalog terms with malumay pronunciation
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