par

See also: Par, PAR, pár, pār, păr, par-, pār-, and Appendix:Variations of "par"

English

Etymology 1

Abbreviations

Noun

par

1. Abbreviation of paragraph.
2. Abbreviation of parenthesis.
3. Abbreviation of parish.

Adjective

par

1. Abbreviation of parallel.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French par (“through, by”), from Latin per (“through”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɑː/
• IPA^(key): /pɑɹ/, [pʰɑɹ], [pʰɑ˞]

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

Preposition

par

1. By; with.

Usage notes

• Used frequently in Middle English in phrases taken from French, being sometimes written as a part of the word which it governs; as, par amour, or paramour; par cas, or parcase; par fay, or parfay.

Noun

par (plural pars)

1. Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a bond or other commercial paper.
2. Equality of condition or circumstances.
4. (golf, mostly uncountable) The allotted number of strokes to reach the hole.

   He needs to make this shot for par.

5. (golf, countable) A hole in which a player achieves par.
6. (UK) An amount which is taken as an average or mean.

Derived terms

terms derived from par (noun)

• below par
• mint par, mint par of exchange
• on par, on a par
• par for the course
• under par
• up to par

 

Verb

1. (transitive, golf) To reach the hole in the allotted number of strokes.

   He will need to par every hole in order to win this game.

Etymology 3

Noun

par (plural pars)

1. Alternative form of parr (“young salmon”)

Anagrams

• APR, ARP, Apr, Apr., Arp, PRA, RAP, RPA, Rap, apr, arp, rap

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Ambonese Malay

Preposition

par

1. for

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Aromanian

Etymology 1

From Latin pāreō. Compare Daco-Romanian părea, par.

Alternative forms

• paru, ampar, apar, aparu

Verb

par (past participle pãrutã)

1. I seem, appear.

Derived terms

• pãreari / pãreare
• pãrut

See also

• undzescu

Etymology 2

From Latin pālus. Compare Daco-Romanian par.

Alternative forms

• paru

Noun

par

1. stake

Related terms

• mpar

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Chavacano

Etymology

From Spanish par (“pair”).

Noun

par

1. pair

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Danish

Etymology 1

From late Old Norse par, from Middle Low German par, from Latin pār.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /par/, [pʰɑ]
• Rhymes: -ar

Noun

par n (singular definite parret, plural indefinite par)

1. pair
2. couple

Inflection

Declension of par

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	par	parret	par	parrene
genitive	pars	parrets	pars	parrenes

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English par.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paːr/, [pʰɑː]

Noun

par c

1. (golf) par (the allotted number of strokes to reach the hole)

Etymology 3

See parre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paːr/, [pʰɑːˀ]

Verb

par

1. imperative of parre

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Faroese

Etymology

From late Old Norse par, from Middle Low German par, from Latin pār.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pʰɛaːɹ/
• Rhymes: -ɛaːɹ

Noun

par n (genitive singular pars, plural pør)

1. pair

Declension

Declension of par
n5	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	par	parið	pør	pørini
accusative	par	parið	pør	pørini
dative	pari	parinum	pørum	pørunum
genitive	pars	parsins	para	paranna

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French

Etymology

From Middle French par, from Old French par, from Latin per, from Proto-Indo-European *peri.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paʁ/

• audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: pars, part
• Rhymes: -aʁ

Preposition

par

1. through

   par la fenêtre ― through the window

   aller par le parc ― go through the park

2. by (used to introduce a means; used to introduce an agent in a passive construction))

   voyager par train ― travel by train

   par surprise ― by surprise

   le bateau est attaqué par des pirates. ― the boat is [being] attacked by pirates.

3. over (used to express direction)

   Viens par ici ! ― Come over here!

4. from (used to describe the origin of something, especially a view or movement)

   voir par devant ― see from the back

   le liquide est arrivé par le robinet ― the liquid arrived from the tap

5. around, round (inside of)

   par tout le cinéma ― all around the cinema

6. on (situated on, used in certain phrases)

   par terre ― on the ground

7. on, at, in (used to denote a time when something occurs)

   par un beau jour ― on a nice day

   par un soir ― in one evening

8. in

   marcher par deux ― walk in twos

9. per, a, an

   trois fois par semaine ― three times a week

10. out of (used to describe the reason for something)

    par pure colère ― out of pure anger

    par tristesse ― out of sadness

11. for

Derived terms

• de par
• par ici
• par là

Descendants

• → English: par

Noun

par m (plural pars)

1. (golf) par

Further reading

• “par”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• rap

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Friulian

Etymology

From Latin per.

Preposition

par

1. for
2. through
3. by

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Gabrielino-Fernandeño

Alternative forms

• paar /paːr/, pa'r
• paara'

Etymology

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa.

Noun

par

1. water

References

• Kroeber, Shoshonean Dialects of California, in University of California Publications: American archaeology and ethnology, volume 4, page 81
• HG

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Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pʰaːr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aːr

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German par, from Latin pār (“equal”).

Noun

par n (genitive singular pars, nominative plural pör)

1. pair
2. a couple, two people who are dating
3. (poker) pair

Declension

declension of par

n-s	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	par	parið	pör	pörin
accusative	par	parið	pör	pörin
dative	pari	parinu	pörum	pörunum
genitive	pars	parsins	para	paranna

Synonyms

• (pair): tvenna

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English par.

Noun

par n (genitive singular pars, no plural)

1. (golf) par

Declension

declension of par

n-s	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	par	parið
accusative	par	parið
dative	pari	parinu
genitive	pars	parsins

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Indo-Portuguese

Etymology

From Portuguese para, from Old Galician-Portuguese pera, from Latin per (“through”) + ad (“to”).

Preposition

par

1. (Diu) to (indicates indirect object)
   • 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:

     Já fallou par su pai aquêl mais piquin, […]

     The youngest one told (literally: said to) his father […]

2. (Diu) for (indicates subject of an infinitive)
   • 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:

     Trasê tamêm um vaquinh bem gord e matá par nós comê e par nós regalá:

     Bring also a small and very fat cow and kill (it) for us to eat and for us to regale ourselves:

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Istriot

Etymology

From Latin per.

Preposition

par

1. for
2. through

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Kurdish

Etymology

From + , cognate with Avestan 𐬫𐬁𐬭𐬆- (yārə-, “year”), English year, all from .

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɑːɾ/

Noun

1. share, part

Noun

1. last year

Adverb

1. last year

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Latin

Etymology

Unclear. A traditional reconstruction is Proto-Indo-European *perH- (“exchange”), comparing Ancient Greek πέρνημι (pérnēmi) etc. and Lithuanian pirkti; but this accounts badly for the /a(ː)/. Others refrain from assigning an Indo-European root.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /paːr/, [päːr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /par/, [pär]

Adjective

pār (genitive paris, comparative parior, superlative parissimus, adverb pariter); third-declension one-termination adjective

1. even (of a number)
2. equal
3. like
4. suitable

Declension

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

Number	Singular			Plural
Case / Gender	Masc./Fem.	Neuter		Masc./Fem.	Neuter
Nominative	pār			parēs	paria
Genitive	paris			parium
Dative	parī			paribus
Accusative	parem	pār		parēs	paria
Ablative	parī			paribus
Vocative	pār			parēs	paria

Derived terms

• aequipār
• compār
• dispār
• impār
• parō
• sēpār
• cēterīs pāribus

Descendants

• English: pair, peer, par
• French: pair, paire
• Galician: par
• Irish: péire
• Italian: paio, pari

• Portuguese: par
• Romanian: par
• Spanish: par
• Swedish: par
• Venetian: par

See also

• aequus
• similis

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Latvian

Preposition

par (with accusative)

1. about, on
2. than
3. for (price)
4. as

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Middle French

Etymology

From Old French par.

Conjunction

par

1. by (introduces an agent)
   • 1532, François Rabelais, Pantagruel:

     Comment Epistemon qui avoit la teste tranchée, fut guery habillement par Panurge.

     How Epistemon who had his head cut off was adroitly cured by Panurge

     .

Descendants

• French: par
  • → English: par

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Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

par n (definite singular paret, indefinite plural par, definite plural para or parene)

1. a pair

   et par sko ― a pair of shoes

2. a couple
3. a few (determiner)

   for et par dager siden ― a few days ago

Derived terms

• brudepar
• ektepar
• kongepar
• parvis

Noun

par n

1. (golf, uncountable) par

   ett slag under par ― one stroke under par

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pɑːr/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse par, from Middle Low German par, from Latin paria (“equals”), neuter plural of pār. Akin to English pair.

Noun

par n (definite singular paret, indefinite plural par, definite plural para)

1. a pair

   eit par sko ― a pair of shoes

2. a couple
3. a few (determiner)

   for eit par dagar sidan ― a few days ago

Derived terms

• brudepar
• ektepar
• kongepar
• parvis

Etymology 2

From English par

Noun

par n

1. (golf, uncountable) par

   eitt slag under par ― one stroke under par

References

• “par” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Old French

Etymology

From Latin per.

Conjunction

par

1. by; via (introduces a medium)
   • Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide, circa 1170:

     Tost m'oceïst par son orguel.

     Soon, he killed with his pride.

2. because of; due to (introduces a medium)
   • Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide, circa 1170:

     Premiers sont au mostier venu,
     La furent par devocion

     The first ones came to the minster,
     they were there to pray

3. by
   • Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide, circa 1170:

     L'une a l'autre par la main prise,

     They took each other by the hand

4. by; through; across
   • Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide, circa 1170:

     Li cheval par le chanp s'an fuient.

     The horses fled through the field

5. by (introduces an exclamation)
   • Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide, circa 1170:

     "Sire, par Deu et par sa croiz!

     "Sire! By God and by his cross!"

6. in (at a location)

Descendants

• Middle French: par
  • French: par
    • → English: par

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Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /par/

Noun

par

1. genitive plural of para
2. genitive plural of pary

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Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese par, from Latin pār (“equal, like”), from Proto-Indo-European *per (“exchange”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaʁ/
• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɾ/
• Hyphenation: par

Noun

par m (plural es)

1. pair
2. partner
3. couple
4. peer
5. (golf) par

Derived terms

• grupo de pares

Adjective

1. (mathematics) even

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Romanian

Etymology 1

From Latin pālus (“stake”), from Proto-Italic *pākslos, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-slos, from *peh₂ǵ-.

Noun

par m (plural pari)

1. stake

Related terms

• împăra

See also

• țeapă

Etymology 2

Form of părea.

Verb

par

1. first-person singular present indicative of părea
2. first-person singular present subjunctive of părea
3. third-person plural present indicative of părea

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From German Paar, from Latin par (“equal, like”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pâːr/

Noun

pȃr m (Cyrillic spelling па̑р)

1. pair, couple
2. (informal) few, handful, several

Declension

Declension of par

	singular	plural
nominative	pȃr	pȁrovi
genitive	para	parova
dative	paru	parovima
accusative	par	parove
vocative	pare	parovi
locative	paru	parovima
instrumental	parom	parovima

Derived terms

• pȃran

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Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pàːr/

Noun

pár m inan

1. pair
2. some, a couple (of)
3. couple (two partners)
4. (golf)) par
5. (card games) (poker) pair

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	pár
gen. sing.	pára
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	pár	pára	pári
genitive (rodȋlnik)	pára	párov	párov
dative (dajȃlnik)	páru	pároma	párom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	pár	pára	páre
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	páru	párih	párih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	párom	pároma	pári

Synonyms

• (some): nekaj

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Spanish

Etymology

From Latin pār (“equal, like”), from Proto-Indo-European *per (“exchange”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɾ/ [ˈpaɾ]

Adjective

par m or f (masculine and feminine plural pares)

1. even (divisible by two)

   Antonym: impar

Derived terms

• número par

 

Noun

par m (plural pares)

1. pair
2. (physics) two equal non-collinear forces; that is a force couple in Newtonian mechanics
3. peer (somebody who is, or something that is, at a level equal)

Derived terms

• de par en par
• par motor
• parear
• revisión por pares

 

Related terms

• impar
• parejo

Further reading

• “par”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

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Swedish

Pronunciation

• audio:

  (file)

Noun

par n

1. a pair, a couple (either two or a few of something)
2. a couple, two people who are dating

Declension

Declension of par
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	par	paret	par	paren
Genitive	pars	parets	pars	parens

Related terms

• para
• parhus
• parhäst
• parmiddag
• parrelation

 

Anagrams

• apr, rap

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Tok Pisin

Noun

par

1. stingray

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Venetian

Alternative forms

• paro
• pèr

Etymology

From Latin pār. Compare Italian paio.

Noun

par m (plural pari)

1. pair

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West Frisian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

par c (plural parren, diminutive parke)

1. pear

Further reading

• “par”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011