旄

旄 U+65C4, 旄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65C4 ← 旃 [U+65C3] CJK Unified Ideographs 旅 → [U+65C5]

Translingual

Han character

旄 (Kangxi radical 70, 方+6, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 卜尸人竹山 (YSOHU), four-corner 0821₄, composition ⿸𭤨毛)

1. a kind of ancient flag decorated with yak tails
2. old

Derived characters

• 𣹪

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 482, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13642
• Dae Jaweon: page 844, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2177, character 6
• Unihan data for U+65C4

Chinese

simp. and trad.		旄

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (毛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
毛	*maːw, *maːws
髦	*maːw
旄	*maːw, *maːws
芼	*maːw, *maːws
氂	*rɯ, *maːw
枆	*maːw
酕	*maːw
牦	*maːw
耄	*maːws
覒	*maːws
眊	*maːws, *mraːwɢ
耗	*hmaːws
秏	*hmaːws, *hmɯːbs
毣	*mraːwɢ, *moːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maːw, *maːws): semantic 㫃 + phonetic 毛 (OC *maːw, *maːws)

Etymology

Li Shizhen relates 旄 (máo, “banner”) to pronunciation máo of 牦／犛 (“yak”); he also sees a possible connection of both to 毛 (máo, “hair”) (Bencao Gangmu, 51A)

However, see 犛／牦 (máo) for alternative etymology.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): máo (mao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): mô͘

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: máo
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: máo
    • Wade–Giles: mao²
    • Yale: máu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mau
    • Palladius: мао (mao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mou⁴
    • Yale: mòuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mô͘
    • Tâi-lô: môo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: moo
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /mɔ̃²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /mɔ̃²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /mɔ̃²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: maw, mawH

Rime
Character	旄	旄
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	莫袍切	莫報切
Baxter	maw	mawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɑu/	/mɑuH/
Pan Wuyun	/mɑu/	/mɑuH/
Shao Rongfen	/mɑu/	/mɑuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maw/	/mawH/
Li Rong	/mɑu/	/mɑuH/
Wang Li	/mɑu/	/mɑuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mɑu/	/mɑuH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	máo	mào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou4	mou6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤaw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*maːw/, /*maːws/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	旄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	máo
Middle Chinese	‹ maw ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁaw/
English	ox-tail pennon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	旄	旄
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	8782	8789
Phonetic component	毛	毛
Rime group	宵	宵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	毛	冃
Old Chinese	/*maːw/	/*maːws/

Definitions

旄

1. a kind of ancient flag decorated with yak tails

   • 王左杖黃鉞，右秉白旄以麾，曰：「逖矣，西土之人！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     王左杖黄钺，右秉白旄以麾，曰：「逖矣，西土之人！」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE

     Wáng zuǒ zhàng huángyuè, yòu bǐng báimáo yǐ huī, yuē: “Tì yǐ, xītǔ zhī rén!” [Pinyin]

     The king wielded in his left hand a gilded ax and held in his right hand a white yak-tail-decorated banner to conduct (the troops); he said: "Far are ye come, men of the western lands!"

2. (obsolete) yak

   • 獸則𤛑旄貘犛，沈牛麈麋，赤首圜題，窮奇象犀。 [MSC, trad.]
     兽则𤛑旄貘牦，沈牛麈麋，赤首圜题，穷奇象犀。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 司馬相如 (Sima Xiangru) 《上林賦》 "Rhapsody on the Imperial Park", in 《史記》 Records of the Grand Historian. Translated based on Knechtges's (2008) version

     Shòu zé yóng máo mò máo/lí, shěnniú zhǔmí, chìshǒu yuántí, qióngqí xiàng xī. [Pinyin]

     Its animals are: The zebus, hairy yaks, pandas, grunting yaks, plunging bulls, elaphures; red-headed, round-hoofed; extreme extraordinaire, elephants, and rhinoceroses.

Compounds

• 干旄
• 擁旄 / 拥旄
• 旄丘
• 旄倪
• 旄牛
• 旄鉞 / 旄钺
• 旄頭 / 旄头
• 旄騎 / 旄骑
• 旌旄
• 白旄 (báimáo)
• 白旄黃鉞 / 白旄黄钺 (báimáo huángyuè)
• 節旄 / 节旄
• 羽旄
• 騂旄 / 骍旄

Pronunciation 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 旄 – see 耄 (“very old; senile; befuddled; confused; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of 耄).

References

• “旄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

旄

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. pennant/banner with a long-haired yak tail attached
2. yak tail
3. yak

Readings

• Go-on: もう (mō)
• Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
• Kun: はたかざり (hatakazari)、おいぼれ (oibore)

Korean

Hanja

旄 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

旄: Hán Nôm readings: mao

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation