梅

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See also: 楳 and 槑

Template:character info/new


梅 U+FA44, 梅
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA44
← 暑
[U+FA43] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 海 →
[U+FA45]

梅 U+2F8E2, 梅
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8E2
← 桒
[U+2F8E1] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𣑭 →
[U+2F8E3]

Translingual

Commons:Category
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to: 梅
Japanese 梅
Simplified 梅
Traditional 梅

Alternative forms

In Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese scripts, the right side component is written 每 (contains 母 with 2 dots). In Japanese shinjitai, the component is simplified to 毎 (contains 毋 with a single middle stroke). Due to Han unification, both characters (梅/梅) are encoded under the same Unicode codepoint. A CJK compatibility ideograph (U+FA44) exists for the kyūjitai form of 梅.

Han character

梅 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7 in Chinese, 木+6 in Japanese, 11 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 木人田卜 (DOWY), four-corner 48957, composition ⿰木每(GHTKV) or ⿰木毎(J))

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 528, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14795
  • Dae Jaweon: page 916, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1215, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+6885

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 梅
alternative forms 楳
槑
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (母) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
脢 *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
挴 *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ
海 *hmlɯːʔ
毐 *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ
呣 *mɯ
拇 *mɯʔ
母 *mɯʔ
胟 *mɯʔ
姆 *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ
畮 *mɯʔ
踇 *mɯʔ
苺 *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs
莓 *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs
敏 *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ
鰵 *mrɯŋʔ
慜 *mrɯŋʔ
毋 *ma
梅 *mɯː
酶 *mɯː
鋂 *mɯː
每 *mɯːʔ
毎 *mɯːs
痗 *mɯːs, *hmɯːs
晦 *hmɯːs
誨 *hmɯːs
悔 *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs
霉 *mrɯl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯː) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
    • m̂ - vernacular;
    • mûi/bôe - literary.
  • mainstream Taiwan:
    • môe/m̂ - vernacular;
    • mûi - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 梅
Mandarin Beijing /mei³⁵/
Harbin /mei²⁴/
Tianjin /mei⁴⁵/
Jinan /mei⁴²/
Qingdao /me⁴²/
Zhengzhou /mei⁴²/
Xi'an /mei²⁴/
Xining /mɨ²⁴/
Yinchuan /mei⁵³/
Lanzhou /mei⁵³/
Ürümqi /mei⁵¹/
Wuhan /mei²¹³/
Chengdu /mei³¹/
Guiyang /mei²¹/
Kunming /mei³¹/
Nanjing /məi²⁴/
Hefei /me⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /mei¹¹/
Pingyao /mæ¹³/
Hohhot /mei³¹/
Wu Shanghai /me²³/
Suzhou /me̞¹³/
Hangzhou /mei²¹³/
Wenzhou /mai³¹/
Hui Shexian /mɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /mə⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /mei¹³/
Xiangtan /məi¹²/
Gan Nanchang /mi⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /moi¹¹/
Taoyuan /moi¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mui²¹/
Nanning /mui²¹/
Hong Kong /mui²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /mui³⁵/
/m³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /muoi⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /mo³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /bue⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /vue³¹/
Rime
Character 梅
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫杯切
Baxter mwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/muʌi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/muoi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/muɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mwəj/
Li
Rong 		/muᴀi/
Wang
Li 		/muɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/muɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		méi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mui4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 梅
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		méi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mwoj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.mˁə/
English plum tree

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 梅
Reading # 1/1
No. 9302
Phonetic
component 		母
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		枚
Old
Chinese 		/*mɯː/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 梅

  1. Chinese plum
  2. Alternative name for 楠 (nán, “Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.”).
  3. Short for 楊梅／杨梅 (yángméi).
  4. Short for 梅雨 (méiyǔ).
  5. Short for 梅州 (Méizhōu).
  6. a surname
    梅光達 [Cantonese, trad.]
    梅光达 [Cantonese, simp.]
    mui4 gwong1 daat6 [Jyutping]
    Mei Quong Tart (merchant)
    梅艷芳 [Cantonese, trad.]
    梅艳芳 [Cantonese, simp.]
    mui4 jim6 fong1 [Jyutping]
    Anita Mui (singer)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (梅):
  • → Japanese: 梅(ばい) (bai)
  • → Korean: 매(梅) (mae)
  • → Vietnamese: mai (梅)

Compounds

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Japanese

Shinjitai

梅

Kyūjitai

梅

Kanji

梅

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 梅)

Readings

  • Go-on: まい (mai)、め (me)
  • Kan-on: ばい (bai, Jōyō)
  • Kun: うめ (ume, 梅, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
梅
うめ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
梅 (kyūjitai)
楳
梅 (ume): Japanese plum trees and white plum blossoms of Hirohashi Bairin in Shimoichi, Nara
梅 (ume): a generic plum blossom crest
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

⟨me2⟩ → */mːəɨ/ → *⟨mume2⟩ → ⟨ume2⟩ → */uməɨ/ → /ume/

From Old Japanese.[1][2][3]

Probably ultimately from Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj),[2][3] with the borrowed me reading gaining a pronounced kind of initial m- sound, perhaps realized as *mme. The phonetic spelling was often rendered as むめ (*mme, mume) from the Heian period,[1][3] with *mme/mume and ume apparently existing in free variation. The reading eventually settled on うめ (ume). Compare the similar pattern of phonetic shift for 馬 (ma → *mma → muma → uma, “horse”), from Middle Chinese 馬 (MC maeX).

Pronunciation

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Noun

梅(うめ) or 梅(ウメ) • (ume) 

  1. the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume
  2. a white plum blossom, as opposed to 紅梅 (kōbai, “red plum blossom”)
    Synonym: 白梅 (hakubai)
  3. the lowest of a three-level rank system
  4. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with varying designs of plum blossoms
  5. Short for 梅襲 (ume-gasane): a style of layering garments with dark crimson on the front and light crimson on the back
  6. (card games) the suit of plum blossoms in 花札 (hanafuda), representing the month of February
  7. (historical, colloquial) Synonym of 天神 (tenjin): the second-highest ranked prostitute in Edo-period Kamigata, below the 大夫 (tayū)
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ウメ.

Citations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:梅.

Derived terms
Derived terms
Proverbs
Coordinate terms
Descendants
See also

Proper noun

梅(うめ) • (Ume) 

  1. a female given name
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Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
梅
むめ
Grade: 4
irregular
Alternative spelling
梅 (kyūjitai)

⟨me2⟩ → */mːəɨ/ → *⟨mume2⟩ → /mume/

Possibly from Old Japanese [Term?].

This reading becomes common during the Heian period,[1][3] later falling into disuse.

Superseded by the ume reading above.

Noun

梅(むめ) • (mume) 

  1. (archaic, obsolete) the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume
Citations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:梅.

Derived terms
Descendants
  • → Translingual: mume

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
梅
ばい
Grade: 4
kan'on
Alternative spelling
梅 (kyūjitai)

From a later borrowing of Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj).

Noun

梅(ばい) • (bai) 

  1. (usually in Chinese contexts) the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume
  2. (historical, colloquial) Synonym of 天神 (tenjin): the second-highest ranked prostitute in Edo-period Kamigata, below the 大夫 (tayū)

Affix

梅(ばい) • (bai) 

  1. plum
  2. Short for 梅雨 (baiu): East Asian rainy season
  3. Short for 梅毒 (baidoku): syphilis
Derived terms
Compounds

Proper noun

梅(ばい) • (Bai) 

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References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DJR
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

梅 (eumhun 매화나무 매 (maehwanamu mae))

  1. Prunus mume, a fruit tree
  2. plum blossom, a blossom of this tree
  3. a Korean surname

Old Japanese

Etymology

Possibly a shift from Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj).[1][2]

Noun

梅 (ume2) (kana うめ)

  1. the Japanese plum or apricot, Prunus mume

Usage notes

Also used phonetically as 借音 (shakuon) for ⟨me2⟩.

Citations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:梅.

Descendants

  • Japanese: 梅 (ume, mume)

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 梅 (mai)

  1. rattan

Compounds

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