門

See also: 鬥 and 门

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

門 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日弓 (AN), four-corner 7777₇, composition ⿰𠁣𠃛)

1. Kangxi radical #169, ⾨.

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/門
• 𪘶 𨷮

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1329, character 53
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41208
• Dae Jaweon: page 1833, character 38
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4281, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9580

---

Chinese

trad.		門
simp.		门
alternative forms		𨳇 閅／𮤫 门

蘆竹德馨堂門樓。

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 門
Shang		Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (門) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蔄	*roːs, *mruːns
闅	*min, *mrɯn, *mɯn
閩	*mrɯn, *mɯn
蕄	*mɯːŋ, *mrɯːŋ
門	*mɯːn
捫	*mɯːn
悶	*mɯːns
聞	*mɯn, *mɯns
閿	*mɯn
問	*mɯns

Pictogram (象形) : a gate. Compare 戶 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ, “(one) door”), which is half of this character.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): mén (men²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄣˊ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мын (mɨn, I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mun⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mùn
• Northern Min (KCR): mô̤ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): muòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): mn̂g / mûi / bûn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mung⁵ / meng⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶men

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mén
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mén
    • Wade–Giles: mên²
    • Yale: mén
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: men
    • Palladius: мэнь (mɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mən³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (門兒／门儿)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: ménr
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄣˊㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ménr
    • Wade–Giles: mên²-ʼrh
    • Yale: ménr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mel
    • Palladius: мэньр (mɛnʹr)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /məɻ³⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мын (mɨn, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /məŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mun⁴
    • Yale: mùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mun⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: mun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /muːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mùn
    • Hakka Romanization System: munˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mun²
    • Sinological IPA: /mun¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mô̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: muòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /muoŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Jinjiang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mn̂g
    • Tâi-lô: mn̂g
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mngg
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /mŋ̍²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Lukang, Kinmen, Jinjiang, Philippines): /mŋ̍²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Penang, Medan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mûi
    • Tâi-lô: muî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: muii
    • IPA (Penang): /mui²³/
    • IPA (Yilan): /muĩ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /muĩ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bûn
    • Tâi-lô: bûn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: buun
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bun²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /bun²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bun¹³/

Note:

• mn̂g/mûi - vernacular;
• bûn - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: mung⁵ / meng⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mûng / mṳ̂ng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /muŋ⁵⁵/, /mɯŋ⁵⁵/

Note: meng5 - Chaoyang.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶men
    • MiniDict: men^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³men
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mən²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: mwon

Rime
Character	門
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫奔切
Baxter	mwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muən/
Pan Wuyun	/muon/
Shao Rongfen	/muən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwən/
Li Rong	/muən/
Wang Li	/muən/
Bernard Karlgren	/muən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤə[r]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	門
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mén
Middle Chinese	‹ mwon ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁə[r]/
English	gate, door
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	門
Reading #	1/1
No.	8960
Phonetic component	門
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	門
Old Chinese	/*mɯːn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 門

1. gate; door; entrance; opening (Classifier: 扇 m; 道 m c)
2. valve; switch
3. way of doing something, knack

   門路／门路  ―  ménlù  ―  way of doing something

4. family
5. (religious) sect; school of thought

   佛門／佛门  ―  fómén  ―  Buddhism

6. class; category
7. (taxonomy) phylum; division
8. logic gate
9. Classifier for lessons, subjects, branches of technology and languages. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
10. Classifier for large guns.
11. Combined with keywords to form the names of scandals (Calque of English -gate).
12. a surname

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (門):

• → Japanese: 門(もん) (mon)
• → Korean: 문(門) (mun)
• → Vietnamese: môn (門)

(deprecated template usage)

---

Japanese

Ryakuji for 門. Compare derived ryakuji for 間 and 開, and simplified Chinese 门 (mén).

Kanji

門

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: もん (mon, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ぼん (bon)
• Kun: かど (kado, 門, Jōyō)
• Nanori: かな (kana); と (to); ひろ (hiro); ゆき (yuki)

Compounds

• 長(なが)門(と) (Nagato)
• 鳴(なる)門(と) (Naruto)
• 毘沙門(びしゃもん)天(てん) (Bishamonten)

Alternative forms

• (ryakuji) 门 [U+95E8]

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
門
もん Grade: 2
goon

From Middle Chinese 門 (MC mwon).

Noun

門(もん) • (mon) 

1. a gate
2. (religion) a sect, school of thought
3. (biology) a phylum, division
4. Short for 門限 (mongen): a curfew

Derived terms

• 雷(かみなり)門(もん) (Kaminarimon)

Counter

門(もん) • (-mon) 

1. counter for cannons or large guns

Affix

門(もん) • (mon) 

1. doorway, exit and entrance
2. clan, family, kin
3. teaching institution
4. set of academic doctrines
5. Used in Sanskrit transliterations

Derived terms

• 部(ぶ)門(もん) (bumon)
• 専門(せんもん) (senmon)
• 門(もん)戸(こ) (monko, “family”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
門
かど Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨kado₁⟩ → */kadʷo/ → /kado/

From Old Japanese.

The final -do is cognate with 戸 (to, “door”). Compare 籠 (kago, “basket”), which is cognate with 籠 (ko).

Noun

門(かど) • (kado) 

1. a gate, portal
2. an entrance, gateway, opening
3. a clan, family, kin

Derived terms

• 帝(みかど) (mikado)

Proper noun

門(かど) or 門(proper) • (kado or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|かと']]

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
門
と Grade: 2
nanori

For pronunciation and definitions of 門 – see the following entry.

【戸と】2 [noun] door; a plate placed on doorway

(This term, 門, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

---

Korean

Hanja

門 (eumhun 문 문 (mun mun))

1. gate, door, gateway, portal

---

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

The final -do is cognate with 戸 (to₁, “door”).

Noun

門 (kado₁) (kana かど)

1. a gate, portal
2. an entrance, gateway, opening

Derived terms

• 御門 (mi₁kado₁)

Descendants

• Japanese: 門 (kado)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

門 (kadu) (kana かづ)

1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) Same as カド^甲 (kado₁) above
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4386:

     和加加都乃以都母等夜奈枳以都母以都母於母加古比須須奈理麻之都都母

     waga katu no₂ itumoto₂ yanagi₂ itu mo itu mo omo ka ko₁pi₁susu narimasitutu mo

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

---

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 門 (môn, món, mon)

1. subject, discipline
2. (only in compounds) band, gang, clique

---

Zhuang

Pronoun

門

1. Sawndip form of mwngz