咸
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]咸 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹一口 (IHMR), four-corner 53200, composition ⿵戌口 or ⿵戊𠮛)
Derived characters
[edit]- 减, 喊, 堿, 㛾, 㨔, 減, 㺂, 椷, 煘, 瑊, 䁍, 碱, 緘(缄), 羬, 諴(𫍯), 輱, 醎, 鍼, 𠁝, 鰔, 鹹, 黬, 䶢, 㰹, 顑, 感, 觱, 䶠, 嵅, 葴, 箴, 䖗, 麙
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 187, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3563
- Dae Jaweon: page 406, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1404, character 2
- Unihan data for U+54B8
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
咸 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 冚 Cantonese “all; entire” |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 咸 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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感 | *kɯːmʔ |
鱤 | *kɯːmʔ |
顑 | *kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms |
轗 | *kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms |
撼 | *ɡɯːmʔ |
憾 | *ɡɯːms |
喊 | *qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ |
緘 | *krɯːm |
瑊 | *krɯːm, *kjum |
黬 | *krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm |
減 | *krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ |
羬 | *ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram |
麙 | *ŋɡrɯːm |
咸 | *ɡrɯːm |
鹹 | *ɡrɯːm |
醎 | *ɡrɯːm |
諴 | *ɡrɯːm |
椷 | *ɡrɯːm |
輱 | *ɡrɯːm |
鍼 | *ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm |
箴 | *kjɯm |
葴 | *kjɯm |
鱵 | *kjum |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 戌 (“axe”) + 口 (“mouth (person) or clay pot”). A pictogram of soldiers shouting together with a spear in front of the battlefield, implying everyone, without exception. Also see 喊, which means to 'shout'. The alternative interpretation is to cut off one's head with an ax, depriving them of all they have; alternatively, to break a pot with an ax.
For etymology 2, simplified from 鹹 (elimination of 鹵).
Etymology 1
[edit]Compare Khmer ព្រម (prɔɔm, “to agree; to go along with; together”) (Schuessler, 2007).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sián
- Wade–Giles: hsien2
- Yale: syán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
- Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: haam4
- Yale: hàahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: haam4
- Guangdong Romanization: ham4
- Sinological IPA (key): /haːm²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ham3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ham²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàm
- Hakka Romanization System: hamˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ham2
- Sinological IPA: /ham¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: heam
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤr[ə]m/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯːm/
Definitions
[edit]咸
- (literary) all; completely
- 老少咸宜 ― lǎoshàoxiányí ― to be suitable for both the old and the young
- 於諸侯之約,大王當王關中,關中民咸知之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Yú zhūhóu zhī yuē, dàwáng dāng wàng Guānzhōng, Guānzhōng mín xián zhī zhī. [Pinyin]
- By the covenant made with vassals, you should be the king in Guanzhong; all people of Guanzhong knew this.
于诸侯之约,大王当王关中,关中民咸知之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (obsolete) together
- (literary) united; in harmony
- (literary) common; widespread
- (obsolete) to finish; to terminate
- 31st hexagram of the I Ching
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 整 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 整 |
Malaysia | 整 | |
Singapore | 整 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 成, 冚 |
Hong Kong | 成, 冚 | |
Taishan | 成 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 成, 冚 | |
Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 成 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 規 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 規 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 規 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 規 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 規 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 規 | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 規 |
Quanzhou | 規 | |
Zhangzhou | 規 | |
Tainan | 規 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 規 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 規 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 規 | |
Chaozhou | 夠, 咸 | |
Jieyang | 夠, 咸 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 夠 | |
Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 成 |
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 咸 – see 鹹 (“salty; briny; stingy; miserly; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 鹹). |
Notes:
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Usage notes
[edit]Often used in place of 鹹 (“salty”) in Hong Kong, even though 鹹 is the traditional Chinese character.
Etymology 3
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 咸 – see 冚 (“(Cantonese) entire”). (This character is a variant form of 冚). |
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: げん (gen)←げむ (gemu, historical)
- Kan-on: かん (kan)←かむ (kamu, historical)
- Kun: みな (mina, 咸)
- Nanori: たける (takeru); はやし (hayashi); みな (mina)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]咸 (eum 함 (ham))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
References
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading かむ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading みな
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たける
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading はやし
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading みな
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