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See also: ꞌ [U+A78C LATIN SMALL LETTER SALTILLO], ˈ [U+02C8 MODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE], ‘ [U+2018 LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK], ’ [U+2019 RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK], ʻ [U+02BB MODIFIER LETTER TURNED COMMA], ʼ [U+02BC MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE], ꞌ [U+A78C LATIN SMALL LETTER SALTILLO], ʹ [U+02B9 MODIFIER LETTER PRIME], -', and ' '
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Character variations
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Translingual
[edit]Punctuation mark
[edit]'
- An ASCII substitute for any of multiple characters with a similar shape:
Related terms
[edit]Diacritical mark
[edit]'
- An ASCII substitute for any of multiple characters with a similar shape.
- ׳ (Hebrew geresh)
- (IPA) ʼ (ejective consonant)
- Used after a letter as a nonstandard representation of an acute or grave accent, when technical limitations prevent the use of one.
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:cafe'.
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:caffe'.
Letter
[edit]'
- An ASCII substitute for a letter representing a glottal stop, or glottalization:
See also
[edit]- (Latin-script letters) A a (Ā ā), E e (Ē ē), I i (Ī ī), O o (Ō ō), U u (Ū ū), H h, K k, L l, M m, N n, P p, W w, ʻ
Symbol
[edit]’
- Replaces one or more letters which have been removed from a written word, often but not always because they are not being pronounced.
- English: don't, y' , o'er (over), fo'c's'le (forecastle), tho' (though), cont'd (continued); German: Leut' (Leute)
- Replaces letter(s) when two or more words are contracted into one word.
- English: I'm (I am), wouldn't've (would not have); French: qu’il (que il), à c’t’heure (à cette heure); German: gibt's (gibt es), auf'm (auf dem)
- Similarly replaces one or more numbers which have been removed.
- '95 (1995)
- An ASCII substitute for the foot (length unit symbol).
- (mathematics) An ASCII substitute for ′ (prime symbol).
- (time, angles) An ASCII substitute for the symbol representing the minute, placed after the value of the seconds in a term to indicate minutes count.
- (grammar) Alternative form of ¯
- (music) A pointing mark in Anglican chant, which marks a place in the text where a barline occurs in the chant.
Coordinate terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- apostrophe ( ' ) ( ’ )
- curly brackets or braces (US) ( { } )
- square brackets or brackets (US) ( [ ] )
- colon ( : )
- comma ( , )
- dashes ( ‒ ) ( – ) ( — ) ( ― )
- ellipsis ( … )
- exclamation mark ( ! )
- fraction slash ( ⁄ )
- guillemets ( « » ) ( ‹ › )
- hyphen ( - ) ( ‐ )
- interpunct ( · )
- interrobang (rare) ( ‽ )
- brackets or parentheses (US, Canada) ( ( ) )
- full stop or period (US, Canada) ( . )
- question mark ( ? )
- quotation marks (formal) ( ‘ ’ ‚ ) ( “ ” „ )
- quotation marks (informal, computing) ( " ) ( ' )
- semicolon ( ; )
- slash or stroke (UK) ( / )
- space ( ] [ )
- Afrikaans: “ ”, ‘ ’, „ ”, ‚ ’
- Albanian: „ “, ‘ ’
- Arabic: « », ( ), “ ”
- Armenian: « »
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: « », “ ”
- Azerbaijani: « », ‹ ›, “ ”, " ", ‘ ’, ' '
- Basque: « », ‹ ›, “ ”, ‘ ’
- Belarusian: « », “ ”
- Bulgarian: „ “, ’ ’, ‘ ’, « », ’ ’, ‘ ’, —
- Catalan: « », “ ”, ‘ ’
- Chinese: “ ”, ‘ ’, 「 」, 『 』
- Czech: „ “, ‚ ‘, » «, › ‹
- Danish: » «, „ “, › ‹, ‚ ’, ” ”, ’ ’
- Dutch: ‘ ’, “ ”, ‚ ’, „ ”
- English U.K.: ' ', " ", ‘ ’, “ ”
- English U.S.: " ", ' ', “ ”, ‘ ’
- Esperanto: (depends on country of publication)
- Estonian: „ “, « »
- Filipino: “ ”, ‘ ’
- Finnish: ” ”, ’ ’, » »
- French: « », ‹ ›, “ ”, —
- Georgian: „ “, ‚ ‘, » «, › ‹
- German: „ “, ‚ ‘ ; » «, › ‹ ; regional: « », ‹ ›
- Greek: « », “ ”, ‟ ”, —
- Hungarian: „ ”, » «, —
- Icelandic: „ “, ‚ ‘
- Indonesian: “ ”, ‘ ’
- Interlingua: “ ”, ‘ ’
- Irish: “ ”, ‘ ’
- Italian: « », ‹ ›, “ ”, ‘ ’
- Japanese: 「 」, 『 』, 〝 〟, 〝 〞
- Korean: “ ”, ‘ ’, 『 』, 「 」
- Latvian: « », „ “
- Lithuanian: « », „ “
- Lower Sorbian: „ “, ‚ ‘
- Macedonian: „ “, ’ ‘, ‘ ’
- Northern Kurdish: « »
- Norwegian: « », „ “, ‘ ’, ‚ ‘
- Persian: « »
- Polish: „ ”, « », » «, —
- Portuguese: “ ”, ‘ ’, « », —
- Romanian: „ ”, « », —
- Russian: « », „ “, „ ”, —
- Serbo-Croatian: „ ”, ” ”, ‘ ’, ’ ’, „ “, » «
- Slovak: „ “, ‚ ‘, » «, › ‹
- Slovene: „ “, ‚ ‘, » «, › ‹
- Spanish: « », “ ”, ‘ ’, —
- Swedish: ” ”, ’ ’, » », » «, —
- Thai: “ ”, ‘ ’
- Turkish: “ ”, ‘ ’, « », › ‹, —
- Ukrainian: « », „ ”, ‚ ‘
- Vietnamese: “ ”, —
- Welsh: ‘ ’, “ ”
quotation marks - all matched-pairs
- Curved double quotation marks: “ ”, ” ”, „ ”, „ “, ‟ ”
- Curved single quotation marks: ‘ ’, ’ ’, ‚ ’, ‚ ‘, ’ ‘, ‛ ’
- Straight double quotation marks: " "
- Straight single quotation marks: ' '
- Guillemets: « », » «, » »
- Single guillemets: ‹ ›, › ‹
- Corner brackets: 「 」, 『 』
- Prime quotation marks: 〝 〟, 〝 〞
quotation marks and quotation dashes - all single characters
- Curved double quotation marks: “, ”, „, ‟
- Curved single quotation marks and apostrophes: ‘, ’, ‚, ‛
- Straight double quotation mark: "
- Straight single quotation mark and apostrophe: '
- Prime quotation marks: 〝, 〞, 〟
- Guillemets: «, »
- Single guillemets: ‹, ›
- Corner brackets: 「, 」, 『, 』
- Quotation dashes: — (em dash), ― (horizontal bar), – (en dash)
English
[edit]Symbol
[edit]'
- See ’
Particle
[edit]'
- See -'.
Chinese
[edit]Punctuation mark
[edit]'
- sed to mark an initial a, e, or o in a multisyllabic Pinyin word, to prevent confusion (隔音符號/隔音符号 (géyīn fúhào))
Esperanto
[edit]Punctuation mark
[edit]'
- (chiefly poetic) Used to indicate omission of the a in la to form l'.
- (chiefly poetic) Used to indicate omission of the final -o of nominative singular nouns.
- 1891, L. L. Zamenhof, La Espero:
- al la mond' eterne militanta ĝi promesas sanktan harmonion.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes
[edit]- Never pronounced.
- When the final -o is replaced by an apostrophe, the word is stressed in the syllable that was the penultimate before the omission, thus the new final syllable.
- Almost exclusively used in poetry and proverbs. In ordinary language it is barely used, and many Esperantists might even not understand it.
- The apostrophe itself is sometime omitted by some poets, but this is considered non-standard and may create confusion.
Finnish
[edit]Symbol
[edit]’
- Indicates a syllable break in words, mostly as a result of consonant gradation.
- Used to separate the inflectional ending from unadapted borrowings, chiefly when the borrowing ends in a silent consonant.
- Used to signify omission or dropping of sounds.
Usage notes
[edit]- More properly encoded as ’ (U+2019 RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK), but ' (U+0027 APOSTROPHE) is ubiquitous in computing for technical reasons and also used on Wiktionary for normalization purposes.
- Called heittomerkki.
- When used to represent a syllable break, the apostrophe is omitted if the word is hyphenated at the syllable break (liu’uttaa → liu-uttaa). It is however included in the other two cases.
Italian
[edit]Symbol
[edit]'
- used to indicate truncation
- (nonstandard, proscribed) inserted after a word-final vowel as a substitute for a grave or acute accent
Polish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Punctuation mark
[edit]'
- put before the declension suffix of a foreign name, if the preceding letter is silent
- Harry'ego /xaˈrɛ.ɡɔ/ — genitive case of Harry
- Georges'em /ˈʐɔr.ʐɛm/ — instrumental case of Georges
Further reading
[edit]- ' in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Scots
[edit]Symbol
[edit]’
Categories:
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