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* see [[:Category:English plurals]] |
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===Etymology 2=== |
===Etymology 2=== |
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see [[:Category:English third-person singular forms]] |
see [[:Category:English third-person singular forms]] |
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===Etymology 3=== |
===Etymology 3=== |
Revision as of 11:01, 9 May 2013
English
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "/s/" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. (following an unvoiced consonant)
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "/z/" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. (postvocalic or following a voiced consonant)
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "/ɨz/" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. (following a sibilant consonant /s, z, ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ/—usually written -es)
Etymology 1
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle English (deprecated template usage) -s, (deprecated template usage) -es, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old English (deprecated template usage) -as, nominative-accusative plural ending of masculine a-stem (i.e. strong) declension nouns, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic Template:recons, Template:recons, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European Template:recons, Template:recons. Most common Old English plural marker (c. 40% of Old English nouns). Cognate with (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Scots (deprecated template usage) -s (plural ending), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] West Frisian (deprecated template usage) -s (plural ending), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Dutch (deprecated template usage) -s (plural ending), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Low German (deprecated template usage) -s (plural ending), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Danish (deprecated template usage) -er (plural ending), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Swedish (deprecated template usage) -r, (deprecated template usage) -ar, (deprecated template usage) -or (plural ending), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Icelandic (deprecated template usage) -ir (plural ending), (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Gothic (deprecated template usage) [script needed] (-os, nominative plural ending of a-stem masculine nouns).
Suffix
-s
- Used to form regular plurals of nouns.
- one computer → five computers
- Used to form many pluralia tantum (nouns that are almost or entirely without singular forms).
- shorts, sunglasses, days
Usage notes
- (regular plurals): In semi-formal or formal contexts, where the plurality of a noun depends on some unknown aspect of the sentence, the s may be parenthesised: "The winner(s) will be invited to a prize ceremony."
See also
Derived terms
Translations
Etymology 2
(deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle English -(e)s (third person singular ending of verbs) from Northern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old English (Northumbian dialect) -es, -as (third person singular ending). Replaced historical Old English third person singular ending -(e)þ, -aþ (-eth). Possibly due to Scandinavian influence or related to -es, -as, second-person singular ending of verbs. More at -est
Suffix
-s
- Used to form the third-person singular indicative present tense of verbs.
- to eat → he eats
See also
Derived terms
see Category:English third-person singular forms
Translations
Etymology 3From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle English (deprecated template usage) -es, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old English (deprecated template usage) -es. More at -'s Suffix-s
Derived termsEtymology 4By dropping the apostrophe in (deprecated template usage) ’s. Suffix-s
Usage notesIn British English, an -s (without the apostrophe) is sometimes used both in business names that derive from a possessive, such as Harrods (originally Harrod’s), but compare Sainsbury’s – see possessives in business names – and, by generalization, for businesses that do not have a possessive in their name, such as Tescos for Tesco, this latter usage being called the s-form and being used primarily in speech. Related termsEtymology 5Shortened form of (deprecated template usage) -sy. Suffix-s
Derived termsDanishSuffix-s
DutchEtymology 1Unknown. Not present in Old Dutch, which used (deprecated template usage) -a from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic Template:recons as the plural ending. Possibly spread from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Low German (deprecated template usage) -s, (deprecated template usage) -es, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Saxon (deprecated template usage) -os, (deprecated template usage) -as, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic Template:recons. Further etymology is unknown, but cognate with Old English (deprecated template usage) -as. See above. Suffix-s pl
Usage notesIn cases regarding words of Latin origins ending with -um, the -s plural as a suffix is placed behind the word ending with -um. Thus the plural of -um is -um + -s. It is 1 of 2 plurals of -um, the other being -um becomes -a. Etymology 2From the genitive case of masculine and neuter nouns and adjectives, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Dutch (deprecated template usage) -s, (deprecated template usage) -es, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Dutch (deprecated template usage) -es, (deprecated template usage) -is, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic Template:recons, Template:recons. Suffix-s
Derived termsThe adverbial/adjectival -s combines with other suffixes like :
Etymology 3From earlier (deprecated template usage) -sch, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Dutch (deprecated template usage) -sc, (deprecated template usage) -sch, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Dutch (deprecated template usage) -isc, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic Template:recons (from which also (deprecated template usage) -isch via German), from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European Template:recons. Suffix-s
FinnishSuffix-s
Suffix-s
Usage notes
Particle-s
See alsoFrenchEtymology(deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle French (deprecated template usage) -s < (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old French (deprecated template usage) -s.
(deprecated use of Suffix-s
See alsoGermanAlternative formsSuffix-s
See alsoHungarianPronunciation
Suffix-s
Usage notes
See also
ManxAlternative formsSuffix-s
Usage notes
See alsoNorwegianSuffix-s Usage notes
Old EnglishEtymologyFrom (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic Template:recons, Template:recons. Suffix-s f
DeclensionDeclension of -s (strong ō-stem)
PortugueseSuffixsort=sPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.-s m or f pl
SpanishSuffix-s
SwedishSuffix-s
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- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English lemmas
- English suffixes
- English inflectional suffixes
- English adverb-forming suffixes
- English unproductive suffixes
- English productive suffixes
- Danish lemmas
- Danish suffixes
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Low German
- Dutch terms derived from Old Saxon
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch suffixes
- Dutch inflectional suffixes
- Dutch pluralia tantum
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch adverb-forming suffixes
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Dutch adjective-forming suffixes
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish colloquialisms
- Finnish dialectal terms
- Finnish nominal suffixes
- Finnish enclitic particles
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French lemmas
- French suffixes
- German lemmas
- German suffixes
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian terms with redundant sortkeys
- Manx lemmas
- Manx suffixes
- Norwegian lemmas
- Norwegian suffixes
- Norwegian terms with redundant sortkeys
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms with redundant sortkeys
- Old English lemmas
- Old English suffixes
- Old English feminine suffixes
- Old English ō-stem nouns
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese suffix forms
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish suffixes
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish suffixes