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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{dercat|ang|gem-pro|ine-pro|inh=1}}
⚫
From {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*baumaz}}. Cognate with {{cog|ofs|bām}}, {{cog|osx|bām}}, {{cog|nl|boom}}, {{cog|goh|boum}} ({{cog|de|Baum}}). The word is related in some way to {{cog|got|𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃}}, {{cog|non|baðmr}}, which are from the {{der|ang|gem-pro|-}} variant {{m|gem-pro|*bagmaz}}.
From {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*baum}}.

⚫
Cognate with {{cog|ofs|bām}}, {{cog|osx|bām}}, {{cog|nl|boom}}, {{cog|goh|boum}} ({{cog|de|Baum}}). The word is related in some way to {{cog|got|𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃}}, {{cog|non|baðmr}}, which are from the {{der|ang|gem-pro|-}} variant {{m|gem-pro|*bagmaz}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
Line 452: Line 455:


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|fy|ofs|bām}}, from {{inh|fy|gem-pro|*baumaz}}.
{{dercat|fy|gem-pro|ine-pro|inh=1}}
From {{inh|fy|ofs|bām}}, from {{inh|fy|gmw-pro|*baum}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===

Revision as of 05:11, 9 March 2021

See also: Beam

English

Etymology

From Middle English beem, from Old English bēam (“tree, cross, gallows, column, pillar, wood, beam, splint, post, stock, rafter, piece of wood”), from Proto-Germanic *baumaz (“tree, beam, balk”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to grow, swell”). Cognate with West Frisian beam (“tree”), Saterland Frisian Boom (“tree”), Dutch boom (“tree”), German Low German Boom (“tree”), German Baum (“tree”), Luxembourgish Bam (“tree”), Albanian bimë (“a plant”). Doublet of boom.

The verb is from Middle English bemen, from Old English bēamian (“to shine, to cast forth rays or beams of light”), from the noun.

Pronunciation

  • enPR: bēm, IPA(key): /biːm/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -iːm

Noun

beam (plural beams)

  1. Any large piece of timber or iron long in proportion to its thickness, and prepared for use.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Nehemiah 2:8:
      And a letter vnto Asaph the keeper of the kings forrest, that he may giue me timber to make beames for the gates of the palace which appertained to the house, and for the wall of the Citie, and for the house that I shall enter into: And the king granted me, according to the good hand of my God vpon me.
  2. One of the principal horizontal structural members, usually of timber or concrete, of a building; one of the transverse members of a ship's frame on which the decks are laid — supported at the sides by knees in wooden ships and by stringers in steel ones.
  3. (nautical) The maximum width of a vessel (note that a vessel with a beam of 15 foot can also be said to be 15 foot abeam)
    Synonym: breadth
    This ship has more beam than that one.
  4. The crossbar of a mechanical balance, from the ends of which the scales are suspended.
  5. The principal stem of the antler of a deer.
  6. (literary) The pole of a carriage or chariot.
    • a 1700, André Dacier, John Dryden, “Life of Alexander”, in Plutarch's Lives, translation of original by Plutarch:
      Soon after this be subdued the Pisidians who made head against him, and conquered the Phrygians, at whose chief city Gordium (which is said to have been the seat of the ancient Midas) he saw the famous chariot fastened with cords made of the bark of the Cornel-Tree, and was informed that the inhabitants had a constant tradition, that the empire of the world was reserved for him who should untie the knot. Most are of opinion, that Alexander finding that he could not untie it, because the ends of it were secretly folded up within it, cut it asunder with his sword, so that several ends appeared. But Aristobulus tells us that he very easily undid it, by only pulling the pin out of the beam which fastened the yoke to it, and afterwards drawing out the yoke itself.
  8. (textiles) A cylinder of wood, making part of a loom, on which weavers wind the warp before weaving and the cylinder on which the cloth is rolled, as it is woven.
  9. The straight part or shank of an anchor.
  10. The central bar of a plow, to which the handles and colter are secured, and to the end of which are attached the oxen or horses that draw it.
  11. In steam engines, a heavy iron lever having an oscillating motion on a central axis, one end of which is connected with the piston rod from which it receives motion, and the other with the crank of the wheel shaft.
    Synonyms: working beam, walking beam
  12. A ray or collection of approximately parallel rays emitted from the sun or other luminous body.
    a beam of light
    a beam of energy
    • Lua error in Module:quote at line 3229: Parameter "url" is not used by this template.
    • 2011 September 22, Nick Collins, “Speed of light 'broken' by scientists”, in Daily Telegraph‎[1]:
      A total of 15,000 beams of neutrinos were fired over a period of 3 years from CERN towards Gran Sassoin Italy, 730km (500 miles) away, where they were picked up by giant detectors.
  13. (figuratively) A ray; a gleam.
    a beam of hope, or of comfort
  14. One of the long feathers in the wing of a hawk.
    Synonym: beam feather
  15. (music) A horizontal bar which connects the stems of two or more notes to group them and to indicate metric value.
  16. (railway) An elevated rectangular dirt pile used to cheaply build an elevated portion of a railway.

Hyponyms

See also

Derived terms

Derived terms

Template:rel-mid

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Verb

beam (third-person singular simple present beams, present participle beaming, simple past and past participle beamed)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) To emit beams of light; shine; radiate.
    to beam forth light
  2. (intransitive, figuratively) To smile broadly or especially cheerfully.
  3. (transitive) To furnish or supply with beams
  4. (transitive) To give the appearance of beams to.
  5. (transitive, science fiction) To transmit matter or information via a high-tech wireless mechanism.
    Beam me up, Scotty; there's no intelligent life down here.
    The injured crewmembers were immediately beamed to sickbay.
  6. (transitive, currying) To stretch something (for example an animal hide) on a beam.
  7. (transitive, weaving) To put (something) on a beam
  8. (transitive, music) To connect (musical notes) with a beam, or thick line, in music notation.

Translations

Anagrams

German

Verb

beam

  1. singular imperative of beamen

Old English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *baum.

Cognate with Old Frisian bām, Old Saxon bām, Dutch boom, Old High German boum (German Baum). The word is related in some way to Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 (bagms), Old Norse baðmr, which are from the Proto-Germanic variant *bagmaz.

Pronunciation

Noun

bēam m (nominative plural bēamas)

  1. tree
  2. the Cross
    • Codex Vercillensis
      Wæs se bēam bōcstafum āwriten.
      The tree was inscribed with letters.
  3. beam of wood

Declension

Declension of beam (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative bēam bēamas
accusative bēam bēamas
genitive bēames bēama
dative bēame bēamum

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Middle English: beem

Romanian

Pronunciation

Verb

beam

  1. first-person singular imperfect indicative of bea
  2. first-person plural imperfect indicative of bea

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian bām, from Proto-West Germanic *baum.

Pronunciation

Noun

beam c (plural beammen, diminutive beamke)

  1. tree

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “beam”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
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