沖

See also: 冲, 衝, and 盅

沖 U+6C96, 沖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C96 ← 沕 [U+6C95] CJK Unified Ideographs 沗 → [U+6C97]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

沖 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水中 (EL), four-corner 3510₆, composition ⿰氵中)

Derived characters

• 𥁵

Related characters

• 冲 (Simplified Chinese) - Note: also the simplified form of 衝

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 611, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17209
• Dae Jaweon: page 1004, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1565, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6C96

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Chinese

trad.		沖/冲*
simp.		冲*

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 沖
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (中) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
中	*tuŋ, *tuŋs
忠	*tuŋ
衷	*tuŋ, *tuŋs
忡	*tʰuŋ
浺	*tʰuŋ
盅	*tʰuŋ, *duŋ, *tjoŋ
种	*duŋ
沖	*duŋ
翀	*duŋ
仲	*duŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duŋ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 中 (OC *tuŋ, *tuŋs).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chōng (chong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cung¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhèng / chhiong / chhiâng
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tshon

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chong
    • Wade–Giles: chʻung¹
    • Yale: chūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chong
    • Palladius: чун (čun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cung¹
    • Yale: chūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: cung^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhèng
    • Tâi-lô: tshìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhexng
    • IPA (Singapore): /t͡sʰeŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiong
    • Tâi-lô: tshiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiofng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiâng
    • Tâi-lô: tshiâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiaang
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiaŋ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Singapore): /t͡sʰiaŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹tshon
    • MiniDict: tshon^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tshon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰoŋ⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: drjuwng

Rime
Character	沖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	直弓切
Baxter	drjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖuwŋ/
Li Rong	/ȡiuŋ/
Wang Li	/ȡĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ruŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*duŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	沖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chōng
Middle Chinese	‹ drjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ruŋ/
English	sound of cutting ice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	沖
Reading #	1/1
No.	17416
Phonetic component	中
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蟲
Old Chinese	/*duŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 沖

1. to pour water on; to rinse; to flush; to wash

   我覺得我得回家沖個澡。 [MSC, trad.]
   我觉得我得回家冲个澡。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ juéde wǒ děi huíjiā chōng ge zǎo. [Pinyin]

   I think I'll go home and have a shower.

   許多房屋被洪水沖走了。 [MSC, trad.]
   许多房屋被洪水冲走了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Xǔduō fángwū bèi hóngshuǐ chōngzǒu le. [Pinyin]

   A lot of houses were washed away by the flood.

   他用水沖了把臉，然後刷牙。 [MSC, trad.]
   他用水冲了把脸，然后刷牙。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā yòng shuǐ chōng le bǎ liǎn, ránhòu shuāyá. [Pinyin]

   He splashed water on his face, then brushed his teeth.

   沖馬桶／冲马桶  ―  chōng mǎtǒng  ―  to flush the toilet

   沖廁所／冲厕所 [Cantonese]  ―  cung¹ ci³ so² [Jyutping]  ―  to flush the toilet

2. to pour boiling water on

   沖茶／冲茶  ―  chōng chá  ―  to make tea

   給你的咖啡，按你的口味沖的。 [MSC, trad.]
   给你的咖啡，按你的口味冲的。 [MSC, simp.]

   Gěi nǐ de kāfēi, àn nǐ de kǒuwèi chōng de. [Pinyin]

   Here's your coffee, just the way you like it.

3. to soar; to rise; to shoot up

   • 王曰：「此鳥不飛則已，一飛沖天；不鳴則已，一鳴驚人。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     王曰：「此鸟不飞则已，一飞冲天；不鸣则已，一鸣惊人。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Wáng yuē: “Cǐ niǎo bù fēi zé yǐ, yī fēi chōng tiān; bù míng zé yǐ, yī míng jīngrén.” [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

4. to develop (a film)

   沖膠卷／冲胶卷  ―  chōng jiāojuǎn  ―  to develop a film

5. to offset

   沖喜／冲喜  ―  chōngxǐ  ―  to arrange a "warding-off" wedding

6. (dialectal) flatland in a mountainous area (Classifier: 個／个)
7. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 涌 (chōng, “small river”).

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

沖

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: じゅう (jū)^{←ぢゆう (dyuu, historical)}
• Kan-on: ちゅう (chū, Jōyō)^{←ちゆう (tyuu, historical)}
• Kun: おき (oki, 沖, Jōyō)、ひひる (hihiru, 沖る)、ひいる (hīru, 沖る)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
沖
おき Grade: 4
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 沖 – see the following entry.

【おき】 [noun] open sea [proper noun] a surname [verb] stem or continuative form of おく (oku) [godan] Alternative spelling 澳

(This term, 沖, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

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Korean

Hanja

沖 • (chung) (hangeul 충, revised chung, McCune–Reischauer ch'ung, Yale chwung)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

沖: Hán Nôm readings: trong, trùng, xung

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville