退
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]退 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜日女 (YAV), four-corner 37303, composition ⿺辶艮)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1256, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38839
- Dae Jaweon: page 1740, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3834, character 4
- Unihan data for U+9000
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 退 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 退 | |
alternative forms | 𨓤 𢓴 𢓇 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 退 | ||
---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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In oracle bone script, ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 皀 (“food vessel”) + 夊 (“downward foot”) – to leave the table after eating. Variants that depicted the vessel as 酉 or 豆 were common. Bronze inscriptions added 彳 to emphasize the action of walking away.
In the modern form the vessel 皀 has simplified to the unrelated 艮, similar to ⾷, 即, 既, 郷.
Shuowen misinterprets the seal script form as ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 彳 (“move”) + 夊 (“walk”) + 日 (“sun”) – to walk away from the sun, to retreat.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tui4
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): tui3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): tui3
- Northern Min (KCR): do̿ / to̿
- Eastern Min (BUC): tó̤i
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5the
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): tei4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tuèi
- Wade–Giles: tʻui4
- Yale: twèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuey
- Palladius: туй (tuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: tui4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tui
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰuei²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: teoi3
- Yale: teui
- Cantonese Pinyin: toey3
- Guangdong Romanization: têu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɵy̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: hui1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hui³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: tui3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰui²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thui
- Hakka Romanization System: tui
- Hagfa Pinyim: tui4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰu̯i⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: tui3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰuei⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: do̿ / to̿
- Sinological IPA (key): /to³³/, /tʰo³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tó̤i
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɔy²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Magong, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thè
- Tâi-lô: thè
- Phofsit Daibuun: tex
- IPA (Philippines): /tʰe⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /tʰe¹¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /tʰe²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòe
- Tâi-lô: thuè
- Phofsit Daibuun: toex
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰue²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰue⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Magong, Philippines)
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
- thè/thèr - vernacular;
- thòe - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 退 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /tʰuei⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /tʰuei⁵³/ | |
Tianjin | /tʰuei⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /tʰuei²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /tʰue⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /tʰuei³¹²/ | |
Xi'an | /tʰuei⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /tʰuɨ²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /tʰuei¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /tʰuei¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /tʰuei²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /tʰei³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /tʰuei¹³/ | |
Guiyang | /tʰuei²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /tʰuei²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /tʰuəi⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /tʰe⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /tʰuei⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /tʰuæ³⁵/ | |
Hohhot | /tʰuei⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /tʰe³⁵/ |
Suzhou | /tʰe̞⁵¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /tʰui⁴⁴⁵/ | |
Wenzhou | /tʰai⁴²/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /tʰɛ³²⁴/ |
Tunxi | /tʰə⁴²/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /tʰei⁵⁵/ |
Xiangtan | /tʰəi⁵⁵/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /tʰui²¹³/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /tʰui⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /tʰui⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /tʰøy³³/ |
Nanning | /tʰui³³/ | |
Hong Kong | /tʰøy³³/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /tʰui²¹/ /tʰe²¹/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /tʰɔy²¹²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /to³³/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /tʰo²¹³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /hui³⁵/ /he³⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: thwojH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥ˤ[u]p-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰuːbs/
Definitions
[edit]退
- to step back; to move backwards
- to withdraw; to leave
- to cause to move backward
- to recede; to fade; to ebb
- to return (a purchase, etc.); to refund
- to cancel; to call off
Synonyms
[edit]- (to withdraw):
- (to return):
- (to cancel):
Antonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 不知進退/不知进退 (bùzhījìntuì)
- 不識進退/不识进退
- 不退
- 以退為進/以退为进 (yǐtuìwéijìn)
- 倒退 (dàotuì)
- 功成身退 (gōngchéngshēntuì)
- 功遂身退
- 勇退
- 勇退激流
- 叱退 (chìtuì)
- 吐退
- 告退 (gàotuì)
- 多退少補/多退少补
- 屏退 (bǐngtuì)
- 延退
- 引退 (yǐntuì)
- 後退/后退 (hòutuì)
- 後退色/后退色
- 急流勇退 (jíliúyǒngtuì)
- 恬退
- 打退 (dǎtuì)
- 打退堂鼓 (dǎ tuìtánggǔ)
- 撤退 (chètuì)
- 擊退/击退 (jītuì)
- 故退
- 敗退/败退 (bàituì)
- 斥退
- 旅進旅退/旅进旅退
- 早退 (zǎotuì)
- 有進無退/有进无退
- 沖退/冲退
- 消退 (xiāotuì)
- 海退
- 減退/减退 (jiǎntuì)
- 牛餼退敵/牛饩退敌
- 留退步
- 病退 (bìngtuì)
- 知難而退/知难而退 (zhīnán'értuì)
- 祛退
- 節節敗退/节节败退 (jiéjiébàituì)
- 簽退/签退
- 素退
- 罷退/罢退
- 衰退 (shuāituì)
- 謙退/谦退
- 趨前退後/趋前退后
- 身退功成
- 車無退表/车无退表
- 辭退/辞退 (cítuì)
- 退一步 (tuì yī bù)
- 退一步想
- 退件
- 退伙
- 退休 (tuìxiū)
- 退伍 (tuìwǔ)
- 退休金 (tuìxiūjīn)
- 退佃 (tuìdiàn)
- 退位 (tuìwèi)
- 退保 (tuìbǎo)
- 退兵 (tuìbīng)
- 退冰 (tuìbīng)
- 退出 (tuìchū)
- 退前縮後/退前缩后
- 退化 (tuìhuà)
- 退化現象/退化现象
- 退卻/退却 (tuìquè)
- 退回 (tuìhuí)
- 退團/退团 (tuìtuán)
- 退坡
- 退堂 (tuìtáng)
- 退堂鼓 (tuìtánggǔ)
- 退場/退场 (tuìchǎng)
- 退如山移
- 退婚 (tuìhūn)
- 退婚書/退婚书
- 退學/退学 (tuìxué)
- 退守 (tuìshǒu)
- 退室
- 退居 (tuìjū)
- 退居幕後/退居幕后
- 退席 (tuìxí)
- 退庭
- 退役 (tuìyì)
- 退後/退后 (tuìhòu)
- 退徙三舍
- 退怯怯
- 退思補過/退思补过
- 退息
- 退悔
- 退房 (tuìfáng)
- 退換/退换 (tuìhuàn)
- 退故
- 退敵/退敌 (tuìdí)
- 退有後言/退有后言
- 退款 (tuìkuǎn)
- 退步 (tuìbù)
- 退潮 (tuìcháo)
- 退火 (tuìhuǒ)
- 退熱/退热 (tuìrè)
- 退燒/退烧 (tuìshāo)
- 退現/退现
- 退瓶
- 退省 (tuìxǐng)
- 退票 (tuìpiào)
- 退租
- 退稅/退税 (tuìshuì)
- 退稿 (tuìgǎo)
- 退筆/退笔
- 退縮/退缩 (tuìsuō)
- 退老
- 退職/退职 (tuìzhí)
- 退股
- 退色
- 退落
- 退藏於密/退藏于密
- 退親/退亲 (tuìqīn)
- 退讓/退让 (tuìràng)
- 退貨/退货 (tuìhuò)
- 退費/退费
- 退賠/退赔 (tuìpéi)
- 退贓/退赃
- 退走 (tuìzǒu)
- 退路 (tuìlù)
- 退身步兒/退身步儿
- 退軍/退军 (tuìjūn)
- 退送
- 退送紙/退送纸
- 退選/退选 (tuìxuǎn)
- 退避 (tuìbì)
- 退還/退还 (tuìhuán)
- 退避三舍 (tuìbìsānshè)
- 逃避退縮/逃避退缩
- 退針/退针
- 退錢/退钱 (tuìqián)
- 退除役
- 退隱/退隐 (tuìyǐn)
- 退食
- 進寸退尺/进寸退尺
- 進退/进退 (jìntuì)
- 進退中繩/进退中绳
- 進退兩難/进退两难 (jìntuìliǎngnán)
- 進退失據/进退失据 (jìntuìshījù)
- 進退存亡/进退存亡
- 進退有常/进退有常
- 進退無據/进退无据
- 進退無路/进退无路
- 進退無門/进退无门
- 進退維谷/进退维谷 (jìntuìwéigǔ)
- 進退首鼠/进退首鼠
- 進銳退速/进锐退速
- 遽退
- 隱退/隐退 (yǐntuì)
- 革退
- 頤指進退/颐指进退
- 黜退 (chùtuì)
- 齋退/斋退
Descendants
[edit]- → Thai: ถอย (tɔ̌i)
References
[edit]- “退”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 退 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
退󠄁 退+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
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退󠄃 退+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]退
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: たい (tai, Jōyō)
- Kun: そく (soku, 退く); そき (soki, 退); そき (soki, 退き); しりぞく (shirizoku, 退く, Jōyō); しりぞける (shirizokeru, 退ける, Jōyō); どく (doku, 退く); どかす (dokasu, 退かす); どける (dokeru, 退ける); のく (noku, 退く); のかす (nokasu, 退かす); のける (nokeru, 退ける); のけ (noke); のけ (noke, 退け); ひく (hiku, 退く); ひける (hikeru, 退ける); ひけ (hike, 退); ひけ (hike, 退け); しさる (shisaru, 退る); すさる (susaru, 退る)
- Nanori: たい (tai); のき (noki)
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- ^ “退”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]退 • (toe) (hangeul 퇴, revised toe, McCune–Reischauer t'oe, Yale thoy)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]退: Hán Nôm readings: thoái, thói, thối, thủi, thui, thúi, thụi
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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