控

Translingual

Han character

控 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手十金一 (QJCM), four-corner 5301₁, composition ⿰扌空)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 439, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12283
• Dae Jaweon: page 789, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1906, character 9
• Unihan data for U+63A7

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Chinese

trad.		控
simp. #		控

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (工) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
缸	*kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ
篢	*kluːmʔ, *koːŋ
贑	*kluːmʔ
涳	*ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
江	*kroːŋ
肛	*kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ
扛	*kroːŋ
杠	*kroːŋ
豇	*kroːŋ
茳	*kroːŋ
釭	*kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ
矼	*kroːŋ
玒	*kroːŋ, *koːŋ
虹	*kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ
腔	*kʰroːŋ
崆	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
羫	*kʰroːŋ
控	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
椌	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ
悾	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
跫	*kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ
啌	*qʰroːŋ
谾	*qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ
舡	*qʰroːŋ
缻	*ɡroːŋ
項	*ɡroːŋʔ
屸	*ɡ·roːŋ
功	*koːŋ
工	*koːŋ
疘	*koːŋ
魟	*koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ
攻	*koːŋ, *kuːŋ
愩	*koːŋ
碽	*koːŋ
貢	*koːŋs
羾	*koːŋs
空	*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs
箜	*kʰoːŋ
硿	*kʰoːŋ
埪	*kʰoːŋ
鵼	*kʰoːŋ
倥	*kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs
鞚	*kʰoːŋs
叿	*qʰoːŋ
嗊	*qʰoːŋʔ
訌	*ɡoːŋ
紅	*ɡoːŋ
仜	*ɡoːŋ
葒	*ɡoːŋ
渱	*ɡoːŋ
鴻	*ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ
汞	*ɡoːŋʔ
澒	*ɡoːŋʔ
鞏	*koŋʔ
巩	*koŋʔ
銎	*kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ
恐	*kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs
蛩	*ɡoŋ
筇	*ɡoŋ
桏	*ɡoŋ
邛	*ɡoŋ

Etymology

“-phile”

From Japanese コン (kon), short for コンプレックス (konpurekkusu, “complex”), from English complex.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kòng (kong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hung³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khàng / khòng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kong³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kòng
    • Wade–Giles: kʻung⁴
    • Yale: kùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: konq
    • Palladius: кун (kun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hung³
    • Yale: hung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hung³
    • Guangdong Romanization: hung³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khàng
    • Tâi-lô: khàng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qaxng
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰaŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰaŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰaŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khòng
    • Tâi-lô: khòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoxng
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ²¹/

Note:

• khàng - vernacular;
• khòng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: kong³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khòng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰoŋ²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: khuwngH

Rime
Character	控
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦貢切
Baxter	khuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰuŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰuŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəwŋH/
Li Rong	/kʰuŋH/
Wang Li	/kʰuŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰuŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hung3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤoŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	控
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kòng
Middle Chinese	‹ khuwngH ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰˁoŋ-s/
English	pull (on bow or reins)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	控
Reading #	2/2
No.	4046
Phonetic component	工
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	控
Old Chinese	/*kʰoːŋs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 控

1. to control; to take charge of
2. to accuse; to charge
3. to hang upside down
4. to turn upside down to empty
5. (of parts of the body) to fail to be sufficiently supported
6. (Internet slang, originally chiefly ACG) -phile

   巨乳控  ―  jùrǔ kòng  ―  someone who likes large breasts

7. to open a bow
8. to impede
9. to throw
10. to bend
11. to halt

Synonyms

• (to control):

(deprecated template usage)

• 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
• 主張／主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
• 克制 (kèzhì)
• 克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
• 制禦／制御 (zhìyù) (literary)
• 制約／制约 (zhìyuē)
• 君 (jūn) (literary)
• 執掌／执掌 (zhízhǎng)
• 壓制／压制 (yāzhì)
• 局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 局限 (júxiàn)
• 左右 (zuǒyòu)
• 把
• 抑制 (yìzhì)
• 把持 (bǎchí)
• 把控 (bǎkòng)
• 把攬／把揽 (bǎlǎn)
• 抵制 (dǐzhì)
• 拘束 (jūshù)
• 按 (àn)
• 按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
• 控制 (kòngzhì)
• 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
• 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
• 提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
• 撥弄／拨弄 (bōnòng)
• 撙節／撙节 (zǔnjié)
• 操控 (cāokòng)
• 操縱／操纵 (cāozòng)
• 擺佈／摆布 (bǎibù)
• 擺治／摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
• 支配 (zhīpèi)
• 收斂／收敛 (shōuliǎn)
• 束 (literary, or in compounds)
• 束縛／束缚 (shùfù)
• 柄 (literary, or in compounds)
• 框 (kuàng)
• 禁錮／禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
• 積壓／积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
• 節制／节制 (jiézhì)
• 節撙／节撙 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
• 管制 (guǎnzhì)
• 管束 (guǎnshù)
• 約束／约束 (yuēshù)
• 統御／统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
• 統治／统治 (tǒngzhì)
• 羈束／羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
• 裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
• 遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
• 鎮／镇 (zhèn)
• 限 (xiàn)
• 限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 限制 (xiànzhì)
• 駕／驾 (jià)
• 駕馭／驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)

 

• (to accuse):

(deprecated template usage)

• port (pot¹) (Cantonese, Hong Kong)
• 出首 (chūshǒu) (literary)
• 告密 (gàomì)
• 告發／告发 (gàofā)
• 報水／报水 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 檢舉／检举 (jiǎnjǔ)
• 舉報／举报 (jǔbào)

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kōng (kong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄥ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kong
    • Wade–Giles: kʻung¹
    • Yale: kūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kong
    • Palladius: кун (kun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰʊŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 控

1. to remove

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiāng (qiang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciang
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiang¹
    • Yale: chyāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiang
    • Palladius: цян (cjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: khaewng

Rime
Character	控
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	江 (9)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	苦江切
Baxter	khaewng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠʌŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚɔŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɔŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaɨwŋ/
Li Rong	/kʰɔŋ/
Wang Li	/kʰɔŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɔŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hong1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰroːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	控
Reading #	1/2
No.	4008
Phonetic component	工
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	腔
Old Chinese	/*kʰroːŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 控

1. to beat

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Japanese

Kanji

控

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: くう (kū)
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kun: ひかえる (hikaeru, 控える, Jōyō); ひかえ (hikae)

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Korean

Hanja

控 • (gong, gang) (hangeul 공, 강, revised gong, gang, McCune–Reischauer kong, kang, Yale kong, kang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 控 (khống)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.