被

Translingual

Han character

被 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 中木竹水 (LDHE), four-corner 3424₇, composition ⿰衤皮)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1115, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34222
Dae Jaweon: page 1580, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3085, character 11
Unihan data for U+88AB

Chinese

simp. and trad.		被

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (皮) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
陂	pral, prals
詖	pral, prals
彼	*pralʔ
柀	*pralʔ
佊	pralʔ, prals
貱	*prals
跛	prals, paːlʔ
披	pʰral, pʰralʔ
鈹	*pʰral
帔	pʰral, pʰrals
鮍	*pʰral
耚	*pʰral
狓	*pʰral
翍	*pʰral
旇	pʰral, brals
秛	pʰral, pʰrals
紴	pʰralʔ, paːl
皮	*bral
疲	*bral
被	bralʔ, brals
髲	*brals
鞁	*brals
骳	*mbralʔ
波	*paːl
碆	paːl, baːl
菠	*paːl
簸	paːlʔ, paːls
駊	paːlʔ, pʰaːlʔ
頗	pʰaːl, pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls
坡	*pʰaːl
玻	*pʰaːl
破	*pʰaːls
婆	*baːl
蔢	*baːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bralʔ, *brals) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “needs info on semantic development: "blanket" to passive”)

Pronunciation 1

Lua error in Module:wuu-pron at line 157: Incorrect tone notation "3" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 被

bedding; quilt; blanket (Classifier: 張／张 c; 領／领 mn)
被子 ― bèizi ― quilt

被褥 ― bèirù ― bedding, bedclothes

墊被／垫被 ― diànbèi ― mattress
^† to cover

Pronunciation 2

Lua error in Module:wuu-pron at line 157: Incorrect tone notation "3" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 被

^† to suffer; to sustain (loss, misfortune, etc.)
by
我被蚊子咬了。 ― Wǒ bèi wénzi yǎo le. ― I got bitten by mosquitoes.
Used before a verb to indicate passive voice, often with a negative connotation.
我的錶被偷了。／我的表被偷了。 ― Wǒ de biǎo bèi tōu le. ― My watch has been stolen.

我們的汽車尾巴被撞壞了。 [MSC, trad.]
我们的汽车尾巴被撞坏了。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒmen de qìchē wěiba bèi zhuànghuài le. [Pinyin]
The rear end of our car was smashed.
(neologism) passively
被自殺／被自杀 ― bèi zìshā ― to "be suicided"; to be killed by the authorities who then pass one's death off as suicide

被就業／被就业 ― bèi jiùyè ― to "be employed"; to falsify a graduate's employment status
a surname

Usage notes

In a passive-voice sentence, 被 is placed after the subject and before the doer of the action. The doer of the action is placed before the verb or can be omitted.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 被 (“by”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		被
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	讓, 叫, 給
	Taiwan	讓, 叫, 給
	Malaysia	被, 給
	Singapore	被, 讓, 給
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	叫, 讓
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	叫
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	遭, 叫
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	把得
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	給, 把
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	給, 叫
Cantonese	Guangzhou	畀
	Hong Kong	畀
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	畀
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	畀
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	畀
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	畀
	Macau	畀
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	畀
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	畀
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	畀
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	畀
	Foshan	畀
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	畀
	Foshan (Shunde)	畀
	Foshan (Sanshui)	畀
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	畀
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	畀
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	畀
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	畀
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	畀
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	畀
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	畀
	Taishan	畀
	Kaiping (Chikan)	畀
	Enping (Niujiang)	畀
	Heshan (Yayao)	畀
	Dongguan	畀
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	畀
	Shaoguan	畀
	Yunfu	畀
	Yangjiang	畀
	Xinyi	畀
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	畀
	Singapore (Guangfu)	畀
Gan	Nanchang	讓, 等
Hakka	Meixian	分
	Xingning	分
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	畀
	Huiyang	分
	Huidong (Daling)	分
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	分
	Boluo (Bendihua)	畀
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	分
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	畀
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	分
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	把
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	畀
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	把
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	分
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	分
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	分
	Liannan	分
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	分
	Jiexi	分
	Changting	得
	Wuping	得
	Wuping (Pingyu)	得
	Liancheng	給
	Ninghua	分
	Ruijin	得
	Shicheng	得
	Shangyou (Shexi)	討
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	分
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	分
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	分
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	分
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	分
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	得
	Hong Kong	分
	Senai (Huiyang)	分
	Kuching (Hepo)	分
Jin	Taiyuan	叫, 給
Northern Min	Jian'ou	吶
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	乞
Southern Min	Xiamen	予, 乞
	Quanzhou	予, 乞, 傳
	Zhangzhou	予, 乞
	Taipei	予
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	予
	Kaohsiung	予
	Yilan	予
	Changhua (Lukang)	予
	Taichung	予
	Tainan	予
	Hsinchu	予
	Kinmen	予
	Penghu (Magong)	予
	Singapore (Hokkien)	予
	Manila (Hokkien)	予
	Chaozhou	分, 乞
	Shantou	分, 乞, 予
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	乞
	Jieyang	分
	Leizhou	乞
	Haikou	要
Wu	Shanghai	撥, 撥辣
	Suzhou	撥, 撥勒
	Ningbo	撥, 撥人家
	Wenzhou	匄
Xiang	Changsha	聽, 撈, 讓, 被
Xiang	Shuangfeng	耗

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pī (pi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pei¹
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): pi¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pī
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pi
  - Wade–Giles: pʻi¹
  - Yale: pī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pi
  - Palladius: пи (pi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: pei¹
  - Yale: pēi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pei¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: péi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pi¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi³³/

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-pʰ(r)aj/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	被
Reading #	3/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pī
Middle Chinese	‹ phje ›
Old Chinese	/*mə-pʰ(r)aj/
English	cover oneself with
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 被

(deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 披 (pī, “to cover oneself”).

Pronunciation 4

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bì (bi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bì
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bì
  - Wade–Giles: pi⁴
  - Yale: bì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
  - Palladius: би (bi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bei⁶
  - Yale: beih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯²²/

Middle Chinese: bjeH

Rime
Character	被
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	平義切
Baxter	bjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚiɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/biɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bjiə̆^H/
Li Rong	/bje^H/
Wang Li	/bǐe^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*brals/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	被
Reading #	2/2
No.	9715
Phonetic component	皮
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	髲
Old Chinese	/*brals/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 被

(deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 髲 (bì, “wig”).
(deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 彼 (bǐ, “that”).

Pronunciation 5

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pì (pi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pei³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pì
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pì
  - Wade–Giles: pʻi⁴
  - Yale: pì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pih
  - Palladius: пи (pi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: pei³
  - Yale: pei
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pei³
  - Guangdong Romanization: péi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei̯³³/

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰ(r)aj-s/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	被
Reading #	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pì
Middle Chinese	‹ phje^H ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰ(r)aj-s/
English	cloak
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 被

(deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 帔 (pèi).

Compounds

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(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

被

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: び (bi)
Kan-on: ひ (hi, Jōyō)
Kun: おおう (ōu, 被う); かずく (kazuku, 被く); かずかる (kazukaru, 被かる); かずける (kazukeru, 被ける); かがふる (kagafuru, 被る); かぶる (kaburu, 被る); かぶす (kabusu, 被す); かぶさる (kabusaru, 被さる); かぶせる (kabuseru, 被せる); かむる (kamuru, 被る); こうぶる (kōburu, 被る); こうむる (kōmuru, 被る, Jōyō); きせる (kiseru, 被せる); ふすま (fusuma, 被)
Nanori: ぎぬ (ginu)

Compounds

被害(ひがい) (higai): incurred harm
被害者(ひがいしゃ) (higaisha): someone who has incurred harm: a victim, an injured person
被服(ひふく) (hifuku)

鱗被(りんぴ) (rinpi): a lodicule: a small scale at the base of the ovary of a flower of a grass

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
被
ひ Grade: S
on'yomi

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 被 (bje^H, “to cover”), from the term's use in Chinese as a passive marker.

Pronunciation

Lua error in Module:ja-pron at line 78: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.

Prefix

被(ひ) • (hi-)

-ed, -ee (marks the passive recipient of an action)
被(ひ)傭者(ようしゃ)
hiyōsha
employee

被(ひ)験者(けんしゃ)
hikensha
examinee

被(ひ)減数(げんすう)
higensū
minuend (number which is reduced)

被(ひ)保護国(ほごこく)
hihogokoku
protectorate (protected nation)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
被
おおい Grade: S
kun'yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 被う (ōu, “to cover”).^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

被(おおい) • (ōi) ^{←おほい (ofoi)^?}

a covering
the act of covering something
(by extension) a protector or patron

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

被 • (pi) (hangeul 피, revised pi, McCune–Reischauer p'i, Yale phi)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 被 (bị, bệ, bỡ, bự, bợ)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

被

Contents

Translingual

Han character

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

Usage notes

Synonyms

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

Pronunciation 4

Definitions

Pronunciation 5

Definitions

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Prefix

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

Navigation menu

被

Translingual

Han character

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

Usage notes

Synonyms

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

Pronunciation 4

Definitions

Pronunciation 5

Definitions

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Prefix

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

Navigation menu

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