酒

See also: 洒

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

酒 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+3, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水一金田 (EMCW), four-corner 3116₀, composition ⿰氵酉)

Derived characters

鿐(䲤), 𭳒, 𤄍, 𦵩, 𬜂, 𫇓, 𭊼

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1281, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39776
Dae Jaweon: page 1779, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3574, character 2
Unihan data for U+9152

Chinese

trad.		酒
simp. ^#		酒
alternative forms		氿 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (酉) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
楢	kʰjuʔ, lu
逎	*ʔslu
遒	sklu, sɡlu
蝤	sklu, sɡlu
揂	*sklu
酒	*ʔsluʔ
媨	*sklus
鞧	*skʰlu
緧	*skʰlu
趥	skʰlu, skʰluŋs
酋	*sɡlu
崷	*sɡlu
鰌	*sɡlu
煪	*sɡlu
醜	*l̥ʰjuʔ
猶	klus, lu, *lus
猷	*lu
輶	lu, luʔ, *lus
偤	*lu
莤	lu, sruɡ
蕕	*lu
庮	lu, luʔ
槱	luʔ, lus
梄	*luʔ
丣	*luʔ
酉	*luʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsluʔ) : semantic 氵 (“water, liquid”) + phonetic 酉 (OC *luʔ, “an alcoholic drink vessel”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *jəw (“liquor”) (STEDT). Cognate with 酉 (OC *luʔ, “wine; wine vessel”).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 酒

alcoholic beverages in general; alcoholic drink
你幹嗎不喝點酒？ [MSC, trad.]
你干吗不喝点酒？ [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ gànmá bù hē diǎn jiǔ? [Pinyin]
How come you don't wanna have a sip of the good stuff (alcoholic beverage)?
a surname

Compounds

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Descendants

Sino-Xenic (酒):

→ Japanese: 酒(しゅ) (shu)
→ Korean: 주(酒) (ju)
→ Vietnamese: tửu (酒)

Non Sino-Xenic

→ Indonesian: ciu

Japanese

Kanji

酒

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō)
Kan-on: しゅう (shū)^{←しう (siu, historical)}
Kun: さけ (sake, 酒, Jōyō); さか (saka, 酒, Jōyō ^†); ささ (sasa, 酒)
Nanori: さ (sa); し (shi); み (mi)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
酒
さけ Grade: 3
kun’yomi

⟨sake₂⟩ → /sakəɨ/ → /sake/

From Old Japanese.

Various theories exist regarding the ultimate derivation:

Cognate with 栄え (sakae), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 栄える (sakaeru, “to flourish”).^[1]
The final -ke is likely the apophonic form of Old Japanese 酒 (ki₁).

Pronunciation

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Noun

酒(さけ) • (sake)

(impolite) any alcoholic beverage
(especially) Synonym of 日本酒 (nihonshu): sake (Japanese rice wine)
drinking, especially of alcoholic beverages

Derived terms

お酒(さけ), 御(お)酒(さけ) (o-sake, polite form)
酒(さけ)糟(かす), 酒(さけ)粕(かす) (sakekasu)
酒(さけ)臭(くさ)い (sakekusai)
酒(さか)癖(ぐせ) (sakaguse), 酒(さけ)癖(ぐせ) (sakeguse)
酒(さか)蔵(ぐら) (sakagura)
酒(さけ)肴(さかな) (sakesakana)
杯(さかずき) (sakazuki)
盃(さかずき) (sakazuki)
酒(さけ)好(ず)き (sakezuki)
酒(さか)代(だい) (sakadai)
酒(さか)断(だ)ち (sakadachi)
酒(さか)店(だな) (sakadana)
酒(さか)樽(だる) (sakadaru)
酒(さか)造(づく)り (sakazukuri)
酒(さか)壺(つぼ) (sakatsubo)
酒(さか)手(て) (sakate)
酒(さけ)店(てん) (saketen)
酒(さけ)処(どころ) (sakedokoro)
肴(さかな) (sakana, “light snack”)
- 魚(さかな) (sakana, “fish as food”)
酒(さけ)飲(の)み, 酒(さけ)呑(の)み (sakenomi)
酒(さか)場(ば) (sakaba)
酒(さか)浸(びた)り (sakabitari)
酒(さけ)太(ぶと)り (sakebutori)
酒(さか)店(みせ) (sakamise)
酒(さか)盛(も)り (sakamori)
酒(さか)屋(や) (sakaya)
酒(さか)焼(や)け (sakayake), 酒(さけ)焼(や)け (sakeyake)
朝(あさ)酒(ざけ) (asazake)
味(あじ)酒(ざけ) (ajizake)
甘(あま)酒(ざけ) (amazake)
大(おお)酒(ざけ) (ōzake)
燗(かん)酒(ざけ) (kanzake)
生(き)酒(ざけ) (kizake)
聞(き)き酒(ざけ), 利(き)き酒(ざけ) (kikizake, “sake tasting”)
薬(くすり)酒(ざけ) (kusurizake)
地(じ)酒(ざけ) (jizake)
白(しろ)酒(ざけ) (shirozake)
卵(たまご)酒(ざけ) (tamagozake)
樽(たる)酒(ざけ) (taruzake)
茶(ちゃ)屋(や)酒(ざけ) (chaya-zake)
濁(にご)り酒(ざけ) (nigorizake)
寝(ね)酒(ざけ) (nezake)
梯(はし)子(ご)酒(ざけ) (hashigo-zake)
火(ひ)の酒(さけ) (hinosake)
冷(ひ)や酒(ざけ) (hiyazake)
深(ふか)酒(ざけ) (fukazake)
振(ふる)舞(ま)い酒(ざけ) (furumaizake)
迎(むか)え酒(ざけ) (mukaezake, “hair of the dog”)
やけ酒(ざけ) (yakezake)
安(やす)酒(ざけ) (yasuzake)
雪(ゆき)見(み)酒(ざけ) (yukimizake)
悪(わる)酒(ざけ) (waruzake)

Idioms

Proverbs

Descendants

→ English: sake, saké

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
酒
ささ Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Originally a 女房詞 (nyōbō kotoba, literally “women's word”) term, possibly derived from reduplication of the first syllable sa from sake. Alternately, may be derived by metaphor from the Chinese-derived euphemism for sake, 竹葉 (chikuyō, literally “bamboo leaves”), as 笹 (sasa) refers to a type of short, leafy bamboo.^[2]^[3]

Pronunciation

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Noun

酒(ささ) • (sasa)

(archaic) any alcoholic beverage, especially sake (Japanese rice wine)

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
酒
しゅ Grade: 3
goon

From Middle Chinese 酒 (MC tsjuwX).

Noun

酒(しゅ) • (shu)

an alcoholic drink, especially sake (Japanese rice wine)

Derived terms

御(ご)酒(しゅ) (goshu)
梅(うめ)酒(しゅ) (umeshu)
火(か)酒(しゅ) (kashu)
果(か)実(じつ)酒(しゅ) (kajitsushu)
禁(きん)酒(しゅ) (kinshu)
混(こん)合(ごう)酒(しゅ) (kongōshu)
混(こん)成(せい)酒(しゅ) (konseishu)
合(ごう)成(せい)酒(しゅ) (gōseishu)
雑(ざっ)酒(しゅ) (zasshu)
シェリー酒(しゅ) (sherīshu)
酒(しゅ)造(ぞう) (shuzō)
純(じゅん)米(まい)酒(しゅ) (junmaishu)
上(じょう)酒(しゅ) (jōshu)
醸(じょう)造(ぞう)酒(しゅ) (jōzōshu)
蒸(じょう)留(りゅう)酒(しゅ) (jōryūshu)
食(しょく)前(ぜん)酒(しゅ) (shokuzenshu, “appetizer”)
新(しん)酒(しゅ) (shinshu)
神(しん)酒(しゅ) (shinshu)
清(せい)酒(しゅ) (seishu, “refined sake”)
造(ぞう)酒(しゅ) (zōshu)
樽(そん)酒(しゅ) (sonshu)
斗(と)酒(しゅ) (toshu)
特(とっ)級(きゅう)酒(しゅ) (tokkyūshu)
日(に)本(ほん)酒(しゅ) (nihonshu)
麦(ばく)酒(しゅ) (bakushu)
発(はっ)泡(ぽう)酒(しゅ) (happōshu, “low-malt beer”)
葡(ぶ)萄(どう)酒(しゅ) (budōshu)
密(みつ)造(ぞう)酒(しゅ) (mitsuzōshu)
銘(めい)酒(しゅ) (meishu, “choice sake”)
薬(やく)酒(しゅ) (yakushu)
薬(やく)用(よう)酒(しゅ) (yakuyō-shu)
ラム酒(しゅ) (ramushu)
乱(らん)酒(しゅ) (ranshu)
林(りん)檎(ご)酒(しゅ) (ringoshu)

Affix

酒(しゅ) • (shu)

alcoholic drink

Derived terms

酒(しゅ)宴(えん) (shuen)
酒(しゅ)家(か) (shuka)
酒(しゅ)客(かく) (shukaku)
酒(しゅ)器(き) (shuki)
酒(しゅ)気(き) (shuki)
酒(しゅ)興(きょう) (shukyō)
酒(しゅ)肴(こう) (shukō)
酒(しゅ)豪(ごう) (shugō)
酒(しゅ)色(しょく) (shushoku)
酒(しゅ)精(せい) (shusei)
酒(しゅ)税(ぜい) (shuzei)
酒(しゅ)席(せき) (shuseki)
酒(しゅ)石(せき)酸(さん) (shusekisan)
酒(しゅ)仙(せん) (shusen)
酒(しゅ)店(てん) (shuten)
酒(しゅ)徒(と) (shuto)
酒(しゅ)毒(どく) (shudoku)
酒(しゅ)杯(はい) (shuhai)
酒(しゅ)販(はん) (shuhan)
酒(しゅ)癖(へき) (shuheki)
酒(しゅ)保(ほ) (shuho)
酒(しゅ)名(めい) (shumei)
酒(しゅ)乱(らん) (shuran)
酒(しゅ)量(りょう) (shuryō)
酒(しゅ)類(るい) (shurui)
悪(あく)酒(しゅ) (akushu)
飲(いん)酒(しゅ) (inshu)
飲(おん)酒(じゅ) (onju)
佳(か)酒(しゅ) (kashu)
願(がん)酒(しゅ) (ganshu)
葷(くん)酒(しゅ) (kunshu)
古(こ)酒(しゅ) (koshu, “aged alcohol”)
旨(し)酒(しゅ) (shishu)
節(せっ)酒(しゅ) (sesshu)
粗(そ)酒(しゅ) (soshu)
濁(だく)酒(しゅ) (dakushu)
毒(どく)酒(しゅ) (dokushu, “poisoned alcohol”)
白(はく)酒(しゅ) (hakushu)
美(び)酒(しゅ) (bishu)
洋(よう)酒(しゅ) (yōshu)
緑(りょく)酒(しゅ) (ryokushu)
冷(れい)酒(しゅ) (reishu)
老(ろう)酒(しゅ) (rōshu)

References

^ “酒”, in 世界大百科事典第２版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998
^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DJR

Korean

Hanja

酒 • (ju) (hangeul 주)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

소주 (燒酒, soju)
약주 (藥酒, yakju)

Okinawan

Kanji

酒

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

On (unclassified): す (su)
Kun: さき (saki, 酒)

Compounds

古酒 (kūsu)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
酒
さき Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Cognate with mainland Japanese 酒 (sake).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [saki]^[1]^[2]

Noun

酒(さき) (saki)

any alcoholic beverage (wine, whisky, sake, etc.)

Derived terms

大酒 ('ūjaki)
大和酒 (Yamatu-jaki)

References

^ “さき【酒】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
^ “サキ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).

Old Japanese

Compounds

神酒 (mi₁wa)

Etymology 1

Various theories exist regarding the ultimate derivation:

Cognate with 榮𛀁 (sakaye), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 榮ゆ (sakayu, “to flourish”).
The final -ke₂ is likely the apophonic form of 酒 (ki₁) below.

Noun

酒 (sake₂) (kana さけ)

any alcoholic drink, especially a rice wine similar to modern-day sake

Citations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:酒.

Derived terms

酒壺 (sakatubo)
酒水漬く (sakami₁duku)
味酒 (umasake₂)
待ち酒 (matizake₂)

Descendants

Japanese: 酒 (sake)

Etymology 2

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “From Proto-Japonic *ki?”

Noun

酒 (ki₁) (kana き)

any alcoholic drink, especially a rice wine similar to modern-day sake

Derived terms

御酒 (mi₁-ki₁)
黒酒 (kuro₁ki₂)
白酒 (siro₁ki₂)

Descendants

Japanese: 味酒 (umaki)
Japanese: お神酒 (o-miki)

Etymology 3

Cognate with 奇し (kusi, “strange, wondrous, miraculous”), which is also the root for modern 薬 (kusuri, “medicine”).^[1]

Noun

酒 (kusi) (kana くし)

any alcoholic drink, especially a rice wine similar to modern-day sake
- 711–712, Kojiki, poem 32:
  ^[2]
  許能美岐波和賀美岐那良受久志能加美登許余邇伊麻須伊波多多須...
  ko₂no₂ mi₁-ki₁ wo waga mi₁-ki₁ narazu kusi no₂ kami₁ to₂ko₂yo₂ ni imasu ipa tatasu...
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

酒の司, 酒の長 (kusi no₂ kami₁)
笑酒, 咲酒 (wegusi)

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Lua error in Module:quote at line 901: |date= should contain a full date (year, month, day of month); use |year= for year

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

𨢇 (rượu)^[1]

Han character

酒: Hán Việt readings: tửu (子(tử)酉(dậu)切(thiết))^[2]^[3]^[1]^[4]^[5]
酒: Nôm readings: rượu^[2]^[3]^[1]^[6], tửu^[3]^[4]^[7], giậu^[1]

chữ Hán form of tửu (“alcoholic beverage”).
Nôm form of rượu (“rice alcohol”).

Compounds

References

[1] “酒”, in 世界大百科事典第２版 (Sekai Dai-hyakka Jiten Dainihan, “Heibonsha World Encyclopedia Second Edition”)‎^[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 1998

[2] Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-3] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named DJR

[4] “さき【酒】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

[5] “サキ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).

[6] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[7] Lua error in Module:quote at line 901: |date= should contain a full date (year, month, day of month); use |year= for year

[gdhn-8] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Trần (2004).

[tdcndg-9] 2.0 ^2.1 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-10] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[bonet-11] 4.0 ^4.1 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-12] Génibrel (1898).

[btcn-13] Hồ (1976).

[taberd-14] Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

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酒

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

Descendants

Non Sino-Xenic

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Idioms

Proverbs

Descendants

See also

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Noun

Derived terms

Affix

Derived terms

References

Korean

Hanja

Compounds

Okinawan

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

References

Old Japanese

Compounds

Etymology 1

Noun

Citations

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 3

Noun

Derived terms

References

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

Han character

Compounds

References

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