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===Compounds=== |
===Compounds=== |
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{{zh-der|母校:[[alma mater]]|酵母|母獅子|丁母憂|丈母|丈母娘|世母|主母|九子母|乳母|亡母|介母|代母|令母|伯母|伯祖母|保母|修母畫荻|傅母|先母|兒母|公分母|公母倆|公筷母匙|再生父母|分母|前母|升堂拜母|半母音|叔母|叔祖母|召父杜母|同母|單韻母|嗣父母|四郎探母|國母|國音字母|壽母|外母|外祖母|大母|天上聖母|天仙聖母|太師母|太母|妗母|姏母|姑母|姨母|姻母|娘母子|嫡母|嫫母|嬸母|孀母|子母印|子母扣兒|子母相權|子母船|字母|孟母|孟母三遷|孟母擇鄰|孟母斷織|季母|學而名母|官話字母|宜母子|家母|家祖母|寄母|寡母|岳母|工作母機|希臘字母|師母|床母|庶母|後母|徐母罵曹|從母|恩同父母|慈母|戀母情結|手指字母|拉丁字母|拜母|拼音字母|捲舌韻母|文母|曾母投杼|曾母暗沙|曾祖母|木母|歐母畫荻|母以子貴|母儀|母儀天下|母儀足式|母兄|母兒|母匙|母后|母哈赤|母喪|母國|母夜叉|母大蟲|母女|母姊會|母子|母帶|母弟|母性|母性愛|母愛|母慈子孝|母教|母斑|母本|母機|母權|母法|母範|母系|母系制度|母老子幼|母老虎|母舅|母艦|母親|母親節|母語|母財|母錢|母難日|母音|母體|母黨|氣母|水母|水母目蝦|海月水母|海蛇水母|漂母|漂母進食|漂母進飯|濁母|濁聲母|父天母地|父母|父母之命|父母之邦|父母國|父母子女|父母官|父母恩勤|父母雙亡|父母骨肉|父精母血|王母|王母娘娘|王母蟠桃|珍珠母|珠母|瑤池金母|生母|異母|異母兄弟|病母|白雲母|益母草|目蓮救母|祖母|祖母綠|禍母|結合韻母|繼母|續母|羅馬字母|義母|老母|老母雞|聖母|聖母像|聖母峰|聲母|胡母敬|舅母|航空母艦|蓐母|薄母|薑母鴨|螺母|螺絲母|衣食父母|複合韻母|複韻母|褓母|西王母|親家母|親母|親生父母|誼母|貝母|賢妻良母|酒母|酵母菌|重生父母|金母|金雲母|阿母|雞母珠|離母|雲母|零聲母|電母|革命之母|韻母|颶母|食母|養母|養身父母|驪山老母|高祖母|鬼母|鴇母|鴾母|黑雲母|鼻韻母}} |
{{zh-der|母校:[[alma mater]]|酵母|母獅子|丁母憂|丈母|丈母娘|世母|主母|九子母|乳母|亡母|介母|代母|令母|伯母|伯祖母|保母|修母畫荻|傅母|先母|兒母|公分母|公母倆|公筷母匙|再生父母|分母|前母|升堂拜母|半母音|叔母|叔祖母|召父杜母|同母|單韻母|嗣父母|四郎探母|國母|國音字母|壽母|外母|外祖母|大母|天上聖母|天仙聖母|太師母|太母|妗母|姏母|姑母|姨母|姻母|娘母子|嫡母|嫫母|嬸母|孀母|子母印|子母扣兒|子母相權|子母船|字母|孟母|孟母三遷|孟母擇鄰|孟母斷織|季母|學而名母|官話字母|宜母子|家母|家祖母|寄母|寡母|岳母|工作母機|希臘字母|師母|床母|庶母|後母|徐母罵曹|從母|恩同父母|慈母|戀母情結|手指字母|拉丁字母|拜母|拼音字母|捲舌韻母|文母|曾母投杼|曾母暗沙|曾祖母|木母|歐母畫荻|母以子貴|母儀|母儀天下|母儀足式|母兄|母兒|母匙|母后|母哈赤|母喪|母國|母夜叉|母大蟲|母女|母姊會|母子|母帶|母弟|母性|母性愛|母愛|母慈子孝|母教|母斑|母本|母機|母權|母法|母範|母系|母系制度|母老子幼|母老虎|母舅|母艦|母親|母親節|母語|母財|母錢|母難日|母音|母體|母黨|氣母|水母|水母目蝦|海月水母|海蛇水母|漂母|漂母進食|漂母進飯|濁母|濁聲母|父天母地|父母|父母之命|父母之邦|父母國|父母子女|父母官|父母恩勤|父母雙亡|父母骨肉|父精母血|王母|王母娘娘|王母蟠桃|珍珠母|珠母|瑤池金母|生母|異母|異母兄弟|病母|白雲母|益母草|目蓮救母|祖母|祖母綠|禍母|結合韻母|繼母|續母|羅馬字母|義母|老母|老母雞|聖母|聖母像|聖母峰|聲母|胡母敬|舅母|航空母艦|蓐母|薄母|薑母鴨|螺母|螺絲母|衣食父母|複合韻母|複韻母|褓母|西王母|親家母|親母|親生父母|誼母|貝母|賢妻良母|酒母|酵母菌|重生父母|金母|金雲母|阿母|雞母珠|離母|雲母|零聲母|電母|革命之母|韻母|颶母|食母|養母|養身父母|驪山老母|高祖母|鬼母|鴇母|鴾母|黑雲母|鼻韻母}} |
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{{zh-cat|Elementary}} |
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Revision as of 04:29, 27 May 2017
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han character
母 (Kangxi radical 80, 毋+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 田卜戈 (WYI), four-corner 77500)
Derived characters
Descendants
See also
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 588, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16723
- Dae Jaweon: page 980, character 32
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2380, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6BCD
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
母 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 母 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 脢 | *mɯːs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
| 挴 | *mlɯːʔ, *mɯːʔ |
| 海 | *hmlɯːʔ |
| 毐 | *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ |
| 呣 | *mɯ |
| 拇 | *mɯʔ |
| 母 | *mɯʔ |
| 胟 | *mɯʔ |
| 姆 | *mɯʔ, *mɯs, *maːʔ |
| 畮 | *mɯʔ |
| 踇 | *mɯʔ |
| 苺 | *mɯs, *mɯːʔ, *mɯːs |
| 莓 | *mɯs, *mɯː, *mɯːs |
| 敏 | *mrɯʔ, *mrɯŋʔ |
| 鰵 | *mrɯŋʔ |
| 慜 | *mrɯŋʔ |
| 毋 | *ma |
| 梅 | *mɯː |
| 酶 | *mɯː |
| 鋂 | *mɯː |
| 每 | *mɯːʔ |
| 毎 | *mɯːs |
| 痗 | *mɯːs, *hmɯːs |
| 晦 | *hmɯːs |
| 誨 | *hmɯːs |
| 悔 | *hmɯːʔ, *hmɯːs |
| 霉 | *mrɯl |
Pictogram (象形) : a woman with breasts with nipples kneeling or standing. In modern form turned on left side. Compare 女 (OC *naʔ, *nas, “woman”), which has developed similarly, but does not include dots for nipples and has lost one breast in the modern form.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mow.
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:wuu-pron at line 162: Incorrect tone notation "3" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu.
Definitions
Synonyms
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: む (mu), も (mo)
- Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
- Kan’yō-on: ぼ (bo)
- Kun: はは (haha), はわ (hawa), は (ha), あも (amo), おも (omo), かか (kaka), かあ (kā)
Compounds
Usage notes
In isolation, the character 母 has 5 strokes in modern Japanese – it is not simplified. In shinjitai compound characters, such as 毎 or 海, it is simplified to 4 strokes, as 毋, but this simplification is not used in isolation. In hyōgaiji characters such as 姆, however, the component is not simplified.
Alternative forms
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 母 |
| はは Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
Old Japanese. /haha/: */papa/ → /fafa/ → /fawa/ → /fafa/ → /haha/
Medial /-f/ [ɸ] regularly changes to /w/ [ɰᵝ], resulting in /fawa/ → /hawa/, the expected final form; see hawa below. This form first appears in the Heian period. However, likely due to spelling influence or reduplication associations, the earlier /fafa/ resurfaced in the late 16th century towards the end of the Muromachi period, with both forms seen until recent times, when hawa falls into disuse.[1] Initial /f-/ [ɸ] regularly becomes [h], resulting in modern [ha̠ha̠].
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 806: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Noun
- (humble) mother
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 116:
- 母 尔雅云、母爲妣、卑履反、去聲之重、和名波々、日本紀私記云、以路波
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 196:
- Fafa. l, faua. ハハ. または、ハワ(母) 母.
Usage notes
Only ever used to refer to one's own mother when speaking to someone else. Still widely used in modern Japanese.
Antonyms
Derived terms
- 母上 (ははうえ, hahaue): mother (when addressing one's own mother)
- 母親 (ははおや, hahaoya): a mother
- 母方 (ははかた, hahakata): a relative on one's mother's side
- 母君 (ははぎみ, hahagimi): mother (when addressing one's own mother; more honorific than hahaue)
- 母子 (ははこ, hahako): mother and child
- 母御 (ははご, hahago): mother (when addressing someone else's mother)
- 母御前 (ははごぜん, hahagozen): mother (when addressing someone else's mother)
- 母島 (ははじま, Hahajima): the main island of the Ogasawara Islands
- 母者 (ははじゃ, hahaja): a person who is a mother: a term of endearment
- 母者人 (ははじゃひと, hahaja hito): a person who is a mother: a term of endearment
- 母刀自 (ははとじ, hahatoji): mother (honorific)
- 母の日 (ははのひ, Haha no Hi): Mother's Day
- 母御息所 (ははみやすどころ, haha miyasudokoro): an imperial concubine or other female member of the imperial household who is also a mother
- 母物 (ははもの, hahamono): a book, play, or other entertainment in which motherly love is a central theme
- 生みの母, 産みの母 (うみのはは, umi no haha): a birth mother
- 国の母 (くにのはは, kuni no haha): the emperor's mother; (figuratively) the mother of the country
- 代理母 (だいりはは, dairi haha): a foster mother
- 父母 (ちちはは, chichi haha): one's own parents
- 父母 (ててはは, tete haha): one's own parents (uncommon)
- 法師が母 (ほうしがはは, Hōshi ga Haha): the title of a 狂言 (kyōgen, “short farcical performance played as an intermission in a noh play”)
- 瞼の母 (まぶたのはは, mabuta no haha): the image of one's mother in dreams or memory, such as when one's mother is far away or has passed away
- 継母 (ままはは, mamahaha): a stepmother, a foster mother
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 母 |
| はわ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. See etymology for haha above for details.
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 806: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Noun
- (humble) mother
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 213:
- Faua. ハワ (母) 母親.
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 196:
- Fafa. l, faua. ハハ. または、ハワ(母) 母.
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 71:
- Caca. カカ (かか) Faua (母)に同じ. 母. これは子供の言葉である. また、尊敬すべき婦人、あるいは、年長で一家の主婦のような婦人の意に取られる.
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 60:
- Bogui. ボギ (母儀) Faua (母)に同じ. 母.
Usage notes
Obsolete in mainstream Japanese. May persist in dialects.
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 母 |
| は Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
Old Japanese. Possibly an abbreviation of haha, or possibly the original form.
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 806: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Noun
- (obsolete) mother
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 116:
- 母 尔雅云、母爲妣、卑履反、去聲之重、和名波々、日本紀私記云、以路波
Usage notes
Not found in isolation, only found in compounds. Obsolete and unused in modern Japanese.
Derived terms
Etymology 4
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 母 |
| あも Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Obsolete and unused in modern Japanese. Already falling into disuse by the writing of the Man'yōshū in 759, where it is only found in pieces written in eastern dialects.[1] Possibly cognate with Korean 엄마 (eomma, “mother”), 어머니 (eomeoni, “mother”).
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 806: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Noun
- (obsolete) mother
-
- 多妣由岐尓 由久等之良受弖 阿母志々尓 己等麻乎佐受弖 伊麻叙久夜之氣
-
- 阿母刀自母 多麻尓母賀母夜 伊多太伎弖 美都良乃奈可尓 阿敝麻可麻久母
-
- 都久比夜波 須具波由氣等毛 阿母志々可 多麻乃須我多波 和須例西奈布母
-
- 都乃久尓乃 宇美能奈伎佐尓 布奈餘曽比 多志埿毛等伎尓 阿母我米母我母
-
Derived terms
Etymology 5
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 母 |
| おも Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Obsolete and unused in modern Japanese. Appears to be an alteration from amo above.
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 806: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Noun
- (obsolete) mother
-
- 和加々都乃 以都母等夜奈枳 以都母々々々 於母加古比須々 奈理麻之都之母
-
- 可良己呂武 須宗尓等里都伎 奈苦古良乎 意伎弖曽伎怒也 意母奈之尓志弖
-
- 知波夜布留 賀美乃美佐賀尓 奴佐麻都里 伊波布伊能知波 意毛知々我多米
-
- a woman who breastfeeds and raises a child in place of a parent: a wet nurse
-
- 緑児之 為社乳母者 求云 乳飲哉君之 於毛求覧
-
Derived terms
- 母父 (おもちち, omochichi): one's parents
- 母調子 (おもちょうし, omo chōshi): the main or thematic key in a piece of 雅楽 (gagaku) music
- 母刀自 (おもとじ, omotoji): mother (honorific)
- 母同胞 (おもはらから, omoharakara): a sibling from the same mother
- 母屋, 母家 (おもや, omoya): the main residence in a manor; the main or central building in a palace; the main household in an extended family; the main store in a chain
- 母良 (おもら, omora): in ancient times, a woman serving at the 伊勢神宮 (Ise Jingū, “Ise Grand Shrine”)
Synonyms
- (wet nurse): 乳母 (うば, uba)
Etymology 6
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 母 |
| かか Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 806: Parameter "lang" is not used by this template.. One theory holds that this is a corrupted and abbreviated form of 御方様 (okatasama), a term to refer to or address someone else's wife (now extremely formal, but much more everyday in the Edo period), possibly influenced by children's speech:
/okatasama/ → /katasama/ → /kakasama/ → /kaka/
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 806: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Noun
- (childish) mommy, mummy
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 71:
- Caca. カカ (かか) Faua (母)に同じ. 母. これは子供の言葉である. また、尊敬すべき婦人、あるいは、年長で一家の主婦のような婦人の意に取られる.
- (obsolete) wife
- Seen in the Edo period among the lower socioeconomic classes. Used to refer both to one's own wife when talking to others, and to refer to someone else's wife.[1]
Derived terms
- 御母様 (おかかさま, okakasama): mother; someone else's wife
- お母さん (おっかさん, okkasan) (formerly one of the most common terms for “mother”, now considered somewhat archaic)
- お母さん (おかあさん, okāsan) (one of the most common terms for “mother” in modern Japanese)
- 母様 (かかさま, kakasama): mother; someone else's wife (less formal than okakasama)
- 母さん (かかさん, kakasan): mother (children's word)
Etymology 7
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 母 |
| かあ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
Alteration of kaka[1]: /kaka/ → /-kka/ → /kaː/
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 806: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Noun
Usage notes
Almost never seen in isolation. Most commonly seen with honorific prefix o- and honorific suffix -san, as お母さん (okāsan).
Derived terms
- 母さん (かあさん, kāsan): mother (informal form of address; would only be used when addressing one's own mother)
- お母 (おかあ, okā): mother (informal form of address; would only be used when addressing one's own mother)
- お母さん (おかあさん, okāsan): mother (most common term; could be used to address or refer to one's own mother, or to refer to someone else's mother)
References
Korean
Hanja
母 • (mo)
- Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 모 (revised: mo, McCune–Reischauer: mo, Yale: mo)
- Name (hangeul): 어미Lua error in Module:debug at line 160: Please migrate to the syntax described at Template:ko-hanja/new
(revised: eomi, McCune–Reischauer: ŏmi, Yale: emi)
- (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of
|lang=parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 母 (mẫu, mẹ)
- (deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of
|lang=parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han pictograms
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Elementary Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese second grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji read as む
- Japanese kanji read as も
- Japanese kanji read as ぼう
- Japanese kanji read as ぼ
- Japanese terms spelled with 母 read as はは
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 母
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 母 read as はわ
- Japanese terms spelled with 母 read as は
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 母 read as あも
- Japanese terms spelled with 母 read as おも
- Japanese terms spelled with 母 read as かか
- Japanese childish terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 母 read as かあ
- Japanese basic words
- ja:Family
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- CJKV radicals