酸: difference between revisions

	Old Chinese
唆	*sloːl
梭	*sloːl
葰	sloːlʔ, sroːlʔ, *slul
誜	*sroːls
朘	*ʔslon
捘	ʔsluːls, ʔsluːns, *sʰlun
荾	*slul
酸	*sloːn
狻	*sloːn
痠	*sloːn
鋑	*ʔslon
脧	*ʔsluːl
悛	*sʰlon
吮	zlonʔ, ɦljunʔ
萒	ɡronʔ, lonʔ
沇	*lonʔ
抁	*lonʔ
馻	lonʔ, lunʔ
兖	*lonʔ
渷	*lonʔ
兗	*lonʔ
焌	ʔsluːns, ʔsluns, *sʰlud
允	*lunʔ
狁	*lunʔ
玧	*lunʔ
俊	*ʔsluns
晙	ʔsluns, sluns
餕	*ʔsluns
畯	*ʔsluns
駿	*ʔsluns
竣	*sʰlun
皴	*sʰlun
逡	*sʰlun
踆	*sʰlun
夋	*sʰlun
埈	*sluns
陖	*sluns
鵕	*sluns
浚	*sluns
峻	*sluns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːn) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suːr ~ *swaːr (“sour; be acid”) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thûr (“acid; sour”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): suān (suan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄢ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): suan¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): syun¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhon¹ / lhon^1*
Gan (Wiktionary): son¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sôn

(Meixian, Guangdong): son¹
Jin (Wiktionary): suan¹
Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sng / suiⁿ / soan

(Teochew, Peng'im): seng¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹soe
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sonn¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: suān
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: suan
  - Wade–Giles: suan¹
  - Yale: swān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suan
  - Palladius: суань (suanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su̯än⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: suan¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: suan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /suan⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: syun¹
  - Yale: syūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: syn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /syːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhon¹ / lhon^1*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬᵘɔn³³/, /ɬᵘɔn³³⁻³³⁵/

Note: lhon1* - “vinegar”.

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: son¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵn⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sôn
  - Hakka Romanization System: son´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: son¹
  - Sinological IPA: /son²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: son¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sɔn⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: suan¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /suæ̃¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /souŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
  - Tâi-lô: sng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /sŋ̍³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Kinmen): /sŋ̍⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: suiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: suinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svuy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Yilan): /suĩ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Penang): /suĩ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soan
  - Tâi-lô: suan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soafn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /suan³³/

Note:

sng/suiⁿ - vernacular;
soan - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: seng¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɯŋ³³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹soe
  - MiniDict: soe^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹soe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sø⁵³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: sonn¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sõ³³/

Middle Chinese: swan

Rime
Character	酸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	素官切
Baxter	swan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/suɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/sʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/suɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swan/
Li Rong	/suɑn/
Wang Li	/suɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/suɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	suān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syun¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤor/

(Zhengzhang): /*sloːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	酸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	suān
Middle Chinese	‹ swan ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ˁor/
English	sour
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	酸
Reading #	1/1
No.	16434
Phonetic component	允
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	酸
Old Chinese	/*sloːn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 酸

sour; tart
酸葡萄 ― suānpútáo ― sour grapes
- 甘橘，大厘城有之，其味酸。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 7, part 7
  Gānjú, Dàlí chéng yǒu zhī, qí wèi suān. [Pinyin]
  Dali City has sweet tangerines, but their flavour is sour.
(chemistry) acid [from late 19th c.]
鹽酸／盐酸 ― yánsuān ― hydrochloric acid

Template:zh-ant
(Siyi Yue Cantonese) vinegar
sick at heart; grieved; sad
(deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 痠 (suān, “aching; sore; stiff”).
stingy; miserly
narrow-minded; pedantic
spoiled; rancid
to satirize; to ridicule
(Internet slang) jealous; envious [from 2019]
See also: 吃不到的葡萄是酸的 and sour grapes

See also: 醋 and 吃醋

alt. forms: 🍋
a surname

Synonyms

(sour): (Yinchuan) 嘬 (chuài)

Dialectal synonyms of 醋 (“vinegar”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		醋
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	醋, 忌諱
	Taiwan	醋
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	忌諱
	Harbin	醋, 忌諱
	Shenyang	醋, 忌諱
	Singapore	醋
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	醋, 忌諱
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	醋, 忌諱
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Qingdao	忌諱
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	醋
	Wanrong	醋
	Zhengzhou	忌諱
	Xi'an	醋
	Xining	醋
	Xuzhou	醋, 忌諱
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	醋
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	醋
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	醋
Lanyin Mandarin	Lanzhou	醋
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	醋
	Wuhan	醋
	Guiyang	醋
	Kunming	醋
	Guilin	醋
	Liuzhou	醋, 酸醋
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	醋
	Yangzhou	醋
	Nantong	醋
	Hefei	醋
Cantonese	Guangzhou	醋
	Hong Kong	醋
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	醋
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	醋
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	醋
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	醋
	Macau	醋
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	醋
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	醋
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	醋
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	醋
	Foshan	醋
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	醋
	Foshan (Shunde)	醋
	Foshan (Sanshui)	醋
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	醋
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	醋
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	醋
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	醋
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	醋
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	醋
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	醋
	Taishan	酸, 醋
	Kaiping (Chikan)	酸
	Enping (Niujiang)	酸, 醋
	Heshan (Yayao)	醋
	Dongguan	醋
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	醋
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	醋
	Qingyuan	醋
	Fogang	醋
	Yingde (Hanguang)	醋
	Yangshan	醋
	Lianshan (Butian)	醋
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	醋
	Shaoguan	醋
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	醋
	Renhua	醋
	Lechang	醋
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	醋
	Sihui	醋
	Guangning	醋
	Deqing	醋
	Huaiji	醋
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	醋
	Yunfu	醋
	Xinxing	醋
	Luoding	醋
	Yunan (Pingtai)	醋
	Yangjiang	醋
	Xinyi	酸醋
	Lianjiang	醋
	Nanning	醋, 七醋, 酸醋
	Wuzhou	醋
	Yulin	醋
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	醋
	Beihai	醋
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	酸醋
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	醋
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	酸醋
	Danzhou	醋
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	醋
	Singapore (Guangfu)	醋
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	醋
Móng Cái	酸醋
Yangon (Taishan)	醋
Gan	Nanchang	醋, 小酒
	Lichuan	醋, 小酒
	Pingxiang	醋, 小酒
Hakka	Meixian	醋, 酸醋, 甜酒
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	醋
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	醋
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	醋
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	醋
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	醋
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	醋
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	醋
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	醋
	Wuhua (Changbu)	醋
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	醋, 酸醋
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	醋
	Liannan	醋
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	酸醋
	Jiexi	醋
	Changting	醋
	Ninghua	小酒, 醋
	Yudu	醋, 小酒, 酸酒
	Shicheng	醋
	Shangyou (Shexi)	小酒
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	酸醋, 醋
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	酸醋, 醋
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	酸醋
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	酸醋, 醋
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	酸醋, 醋
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	酸醋, 醋
	Hong Kong	醋
	Luchuan	醋
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	醋
	Sabah (Longchuan)	酸醋
	Senai (Huiyang)	醋
	Singkawang	甜酒
Huizhou	Jixi	醋
	Shexian	醋
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	醋
	Xiuning	醋
	Yixian	醋
	Qimen	醋
	Wuyuan	醋
Jin	Taiyuan	醋
	Pingyao	醋
	Xinzhou	醋
	Hohhot	醋
Northern Min	Jian'ou	醋, 小酒
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	醋
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	醋
	Pucheng (Shibei)	醋
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	醋
Eastern Min	Fuqing	醋, 酸
Southern Min	Xiamen	醋
	Quanzhou	醋
	Kaohsiung	醋
	Penang (Hokkien)	醋
	Singapore (Hokkien)	醋
	Manila (Hokkien)	醋
	Zhangping	酸醋
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	醋, 酸醋
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	醋
	Chaozhou	醋
	Shantou	醋
	Haifeng	醋
	Bangkok (Teochew)	醋
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	醋
	Singapore (Teochew)	醋
	Wenchang	醋
	Haikou	醋
	Singapore (Hainanese)	醋
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	醋
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	醋
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	醋, 酸醋
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	醋
Wu	Shanghai	醋, 米醋
	Shanghai (Chongming)	酸醋
	Suzhou	醋, 酸醋
	Wuxi	醋, 酸醋
	Danyang	醋, 酸醋
	Hangzhou	醋, 米醋
	Ningbo	米醋
	Wenzhou	醋
	Jinhua	醋, 米醋
Xiang	Changsha	醋, 小酒
	Loudi	小酒
	Shuangfeng	醋, 小酒
	Quanzhou	醋

Compounds

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(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

酸

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

sour
(chemistry) acid

Readings

Compounds

アミノ酸(さん) (aminosan, “amino acid”)
アルギン酸(さん) (aruginsan, “alginic acid”)
安(あん)息(そく)香(こう)酸(さん) (ansokukōsan, “benzoic acid”)
胃(い)酸(さん) (isan, “gastric acid”)
塩(えん)酸(さん) (ensan, “hydrochloric acid”)
オクタデカン酸(さん) (okutadekan-san, “octadecanoic acid”)
オレイン酸(さん) (orein-san, “oleic acid”)
核(かく)酸(さん) (kakusan, “nucleic acid”)
カルボン酸(さん) (karubon-san, “carboxylic acid”)
蟻(ぎ)酸(さん) (gisan, “formic acid”)
枸(く)櫞(えん)酸(さん) (kuensan, “citric acid”)
グルタミン酸(さん) (gurutaminsan, “glutamic acid”)
珪(けい)酸(さん) (keisan, “silicic acid”)
麹(こうじ)酸(さん) (kōjisan, “kojic acid”)
琥(こ)珀(はく)酸(さん) (kohakusan, “succinic acid”)
酢(さく)酸(さん) (sakusan, “acetic acid”)
酸(さん)化(か) (sanka, “oxidation”)
酸(さん)性(せい) (sansei, “acidity”)
酸(さん)素(そ) (sanso, “oxygen”)
酸(さん)鼻(び) (sanbi, “appalling, horrible”)
酸(さん)味(み) (sanmi, “sourness”)
脂(し)肪(ぼう)酸(さん) (shibōsan, “fatty acid”)
酒(しゅ)石(せき)酸(さん) (shusekisan, “tartaric acid”)
硝(しょう)酸(さん) (shōsan, “nitric acid”)
焦(しょう)性(せい)葡(ぶ)萄(どう)酸(さん) (shōseibudōsan, “pyruvic acid”)
ステアリン酸(さん) (sutearin-san, “stearic acid”)
青(せい)酸(さん) (seisan, “hydrocyanic acid”)
石(せき)炭(たん)酸(さん) (sekitansan, “phenol (caustic compound derived from benzene)”)
炭(たん)酸(さん) (tansan, “carbonic acid”)
胆(たん)汁(じゅう)酸(さん) (tanjūsan, “bile acid”)
乳(にゅう)酸(さん) (nyūsan, “lactic acid”)
尿(にょう)酸(さん) (nyōsan, “uric acid”)
馬(ば)尿(にょう)酸(さん) (banyōsan, “hippuric acid”)
パルミチン酸(さん) (parumichin-san, “palmitic acid”)
砒(ひ)酸(さん) (hisan, “arsenic acid”)
硼(ほう)酸(さん) (hōsan, “boric acid”)
油(ゆ)酸(さん) (yusan, “oleic acid”)
葉(よう)酸(さん) (yōsan, “folic acid”)
沃(よう)素(そ)酸(さん) (yōsosan, “iodic acid”)
酪(らく)酸(さん) (rakusan, “butyric acid”)
硫(りゅう)酸(さん) (ryūsan, “sulphuric acid”)
林(りん)檎(ご)酸(さん) (ringosan, “malic acid”)
燐(りん)酸(さん) (rinsan, “phosphoric acid”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
酸
さん Grade: 5
on'yomi

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

酸

Wikipedia ^ja

From Middle Chinese 酸 (suɑn)

Pronunciation

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Noun

酸(さん) • (san)

sourness (quality or condition)
(chemistry) acid

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
酸
す Grade: 5
kun'yomi

Noun

酸(す) • (su)

Alternative spelling of 酢 (“vinegar”)

References

Korean

Hanja

酸 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.