正月
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Chinese
[edit]first; principal | moon; month | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (正月) |
正 | 月 |
Etymology
[edit]According to Guangyun ([2]) and Zhu Xi (朱熹) ([3]), the character 正 here was originally pronounced zhèng (like 政); according to Zhang Shoujie (張守節); its special pronunciation zhēng (like 征) originated from the naming taboo on Qin Shi Huang's real name 嬴政 (Yíng Zhèng) ([4]).
Sagart (2023) instead proposes that actually 正 here wrote 隻 (OC *tek, “one”), in context where the latter's coda *-k had been nasalized by the onset of 月 (OC *[ŋ]ʷat). He reconstructs underlying *tek-ŋʷat, whence *teŋ-ŋʷat, whose appropriate readable form was 正月.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zen1 yue2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җынйүә (žɨnyüə, I-II)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zing1 jyut6
- Gan (Wiktionary): zang1 nyyot
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): châng-ngie̍t / châng-ngia̍t
- Eastern Min (BUC): ciăng-nguŏk
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): chiaⁿ--goe̍h / chiaⁿ-ge̍rh / chiaⁿ--ge̍h / chiaⁿ-ge̍h / chiaⁿ-goe̍h
- (Teochew, Peng'im): zian1 ghuêh8
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tsen-yuq; 1tsen-yoq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄥ ㄩㄝˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhengyuè
- Wade–Giles: chêng1-yüeh4
- Yale: jēng-ywè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jengyueh
- Palladius: чжэнъюэ (čžɛnʺjue)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: zen1 yue2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zenje
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sən⁵⁵ ye²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җынйүә (žɨnyüə, I-II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂəŋ²⁴ yə⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zing1 jyut6
- Yale: jīng yuht
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzing1 jyt9
- Guangdong Romanization: jing1 yud6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ jyːt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: zang1 nyyot
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saŋ⁴² n̠ʲyɵt̚²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châng-ngie̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: zang´ ngied
- Hagfa Pinyim: zang1 ngiad6
- Sinological IPA: /t͡saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯et̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châng-ngia̍t
- Hakka Romanization System: zang´ ngiad
- Hagfa Pinyim: zang1 ngiad6
- Sinological IPA: /t͡saŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ŋi̯at̚⁵/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ciăng-nguŏk
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siaŋ⁵⁵ ŋuoʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiaⁿ--goe̍h
- Tâi-lô: tsiann--gue̍h
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiaⁿ-ge̍rh
- Tâi-lô: tsiann-ge̍rh
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siã³³ ɡəʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Singapore): /t͡siã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡəʔ⁴³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiaⁿ--ge̍h
- Tâi-lô: tsiann--ge̍h
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Philippines, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiaⁿ-ge̍h
- Tâi-lô: tsiann-ge̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: cvia'geh
- IPA (Philippines): /t͡siã³³ ɡeʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Singapore): /t͡siã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡeʔ⁴³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡeʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiaⁿ-goe̍h
- Tâi-lô: tsiann-gue̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: cvia'goeh
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡueʔ¹²¹/
- IPA (Singapore): /t͡siã⁴⁴⁻²² ɡueʔ⁴³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zian1 ghuêh8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiaⁿ gue̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sĩã³³⁻²³ ɡueʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tsyeng ngjwot
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.teŋ [ŋ]ʷat/
- (Zhengzhang): /*tjeŋ ŋod/
Noun
[edit]正月
- the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar
- 正月季春元日乙丑:余畜孫書也擇其吉金以作鑄缶。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: circa 6th century BCE, Inscription on 欒書缶 Luan Shu's fou, transcribed and translated by Caboara (2010:12).[1]
- Zhēngyuè jìchūn yuánrì yǐchǒu: yú xù sūn Shū yě zé qí jíjīn yǐ zuò zhù fǒu. [Pinyin]
- In the third month of spring, first month (of the year), first day of Yichou, I the pious grandson, Shu, selected those solid metals to cast a fou-barrel.
正月季春元日乙丑:余畜孙书也择其吉金以作铸缶。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]- 正月繁霜、我心憂傷。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zhēngyuè fán shuāng, wǒ xīn yōushāng. [Pinyin]
- In the first month the hoar-frost abounds, and my heart is wounded with sorrow.
正月繁霜、我心忧伤。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (Xiamen Hokkien) first three days of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar
- (dated) January
Synonyms
[edit]- (first month): 陬月 (Zōuyuè), 寅月 (Yínyuè), 端月 (duānyuè), 元月 (Yuányuè), 初月, 嘉月, 開歲/开岁, 新正 (xīnzhēng), 隅月, 孟月 (mèngyuè), 始春, 元春
- (first three days): (Hokkien) 正月正頭/正月正头, 正月正時/正月正时
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
正 | 月 |
しょう Grade: 1 |
がつ Grade: 1 |
goon | kan'yōon |
Alternative forms
[edit]- お正月 (o-shōgatsu)
Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 正月 (MC tsyeng ngjwot)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) しょーがつ [shòógátsúꜜ] (Odaka – [4])[1]
- (Tokyo) しょーがつ [shòógátsú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [ɕo̞ːɡa̠t͡sɨ]
Noun
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]- (New Year):
- 元旦 (gantan): New Year's Day
- 元日 (ganjitsu): New Year's Day
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
正 | 月 |
Noun
[edit]Categories:
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- Chinese lemmas
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