正月

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Chinese

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first; principal moon; month
simp. and trad.
(正月)

Etymology

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According to Guangyun ([2]) and Zhu Xi (朱熹) ([3]), the character here was originally pronounced zhèng (like ); according to Zhang Shoujie (張守節); its special pronunciation zhēng (like ) originated from the naming taboo on Qin Shi Huang's real name (Yíng Zhèng) ([4]).

Sagart (2023) instead proposes that actually here wrote (OC *tek, “one”), in context where the latter's coda *-k had been nasalized by the onset of (OC *[ŋ]ʷat). He reconstructs underlying *tek-ŋʷat, whence *teŋ-ŋʷat, whose appropriate readable form was 正月.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Initial () (23) (31)
Final () (121) (68)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter tsyeng ngjwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕiᴇŋ/ /ŋʉɐt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕiɛŋ/ /ŋʷiɐt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕiæŋ/ /ŋiuɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ciajŋ/ /ŋuat̚/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕiɛŋ/ /ŋiuɐt̚/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕĭɛŋ/ /ŋĭwɐt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕi̯ɛŋ/ /ŋi̯wɐt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zhēng yuè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zing1 jyut6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zhēng yuè
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsyeng › ‹ ngjwot ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.teŋ/ /*[ŋ]ʷat/
English 1st (month) moon, month

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 1/1
No. 17171 16319
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*tjeŋ/ /*ŋod/
Notes

Noun

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正月

  1. the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar
  2. (Xiamen Hokkien) first three days of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar
  3. (dated) January

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Caboara, Marco (2010) The particle ye 也 and related constructions in the Guodian manuscripts of IV century BCE (PhD)‎[1], University of Washington

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
しょう
Grade: 1
がつ
Grade: 1
goon kan'yōon

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 正月 (MC tsyeng ngjwot)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(しょう)(がつ) (shōgatsu

  1. January
  2. first month of the lunar year
  3. New Year

Synonyms

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See also

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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term

Noun

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正月 (jeong'wol) (hangeul 정월)

  1. hanja form? of 정월 (the first month of the traditional Korean calendar)