tapa
English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Noun
tapa (countable and uncountable, plural tapas)
- A kind of cloth prepared by the Polynesians from the inner bark of the paper mulberry.
Synonyms
Translations
Etymology 2
Noun
tapa (plural tapas)
Etymology 3
Noun
tapa (uncountable)
Anagrams
'Are'are
Verb
tapa
- to cut
References
- Kateřina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)
A-Pucikwar
Etymology
From Proto-Great Andamanese *tapə
Adjective
tapa
References
- Juliette Blevins, Linguistic clues to Andamanese pre-history: Understanding the North-South divide, pg. 20 (2009)
Asturian
Noun
tapa f (plural tapes)
- lid (top or cover)
Catalan
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Noun
tapa f (plural tapes)
Etymology 2
Verb
tapa
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Further reading
- “tapa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Cebuano
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ta‧pa
Noun
tapa
Verb
tapa
- to smoke fish
Estonian
Verb
tapa
Faroese
Pronunciation
Verb
tapa (third person singular past indicative tapti, third person plural past indicative tapt, supine tapt)
Conjugation
Conjugation of tapa (group v-2) | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | tapa | |
supine | tapt | |
participle (a39)1 | tapandi | taptur |
present | past | |
first singular | tapi | tapti |
second singular | tapir | tapti |
third singular | tapir | tapti |
plural | tapa | taptu |
imperative | ||
singular | tap! | |
plural | tapið! | |
1Only the past participle being declined. |
Finnish
Etymology 1
From Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 2 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "fiu-fin-pro" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E., from Baltic.
Pronunciation
Noun
tapa
Usage notes
- Meillä oli sunnuntaisin tapana mennä rannalle.
- We used to go to the beach on Sundays.
- We would go to the beach on Sundays.
- Meillä oli sunnuntaisin tapana mennä rannalle.
Declension
Inflection of tapa (Kotus type 9*E/kala, p-v gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | tapa | tavat | |
genitive | tavan | tapojen | |
partitive | tapaa | tapoja | |
illative | tapaan | tapoihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | tapa | tavat | |
accusative | nom. | tapa | tavat |
gen. | tavan | ||
genitive | tavan | tapojen tapain rare | |
partitive | tapaa | tapoja | |
inessive | tavassa | tavoissa | |
elative | tavasta | tavoista | |
illative | tapaan | tapoihin | |
adessive | tavalla | tavoilla | |
ablative | tavalta | tavoilta | |
allative | tavalle | tavoille | |
essive | tapana | tapoina | |
translative | tavaksi | tavoiksi | |
abessive | tavatta | tavoitta | |
instructive | — | tavoin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms
- adjectives: tavallinen, tavaton, tavanomainen, epätavallinen, tapainen
- verbs: tavoittaa, tavoitella
- (way) jolla(k)in tavalla = by some means, somehow
Compounds
- ajattelutapa
- ajatustapa
- ehtotapa
- elämäntapa
- esiintymistapa
- esitystapa
- hallitustapa
- hovitavat
- häätapa
- ihmistavat
- ilmaisutapa
- juomatapa
- kansantapa
- katsantotapa
- katsomustapa
- kauppatapa
- kirjoitustapa
- kuvaamistapa
- kuvaustapa
- käsittelytapa
- käsitystapa
- käskytapa
- käyttäytymistapa
- käyttötapa
- käytöstapa
- laatutapa
- laskutapa
- laulutapa
- lehtitapa
- liiketapa
- lisääntymistapa
- lukutapa
- lähestymistapa
- mahtotapa
- menettelytapa
- merimiestapa
- merkintätapa
- muodostumistapa
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Verb
tapa
- (deprecated template usage) present active indicative connegative of tappaa
- (deprecated template usage) second-person singular present imperative of tappaa
- Tapa!
- Kill!
- (deprecated template usage) second-person singular present active imperative connegative of tappaa
- Älä tapa!
- Don't kill! (or when the context is the 5th commandment of the Bible: Thou shalt not kill.)
Anagrams
French
Verb
tapa
- third-person singular past historic of taper
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse tapa (“to lose”), cognates with the Swedish tappa and Danish tabe.
Pronunciation
Verb
tapa (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative tapaði, supine tapað)
- (transitive, governs the dative) to lose
Conjugation
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að tapa | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
tapað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
tapandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég tapa | við töpum | present (nútíð) |
ég tapi | við töpum |
þú tapar | þið tapið | þú tapir | þið tapið | ||
hann, hún, það tapar | þeir, þær, þau tapa | hann, hún, það tapi | þeir, þær, þau tapi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég tapaði | við töpuðum | past (þátíð) |
ég tapaði | við töpuðum |
þú tapaðir | þið töpuðuð | þú tapaðir | þið töpuðuð | ||
hann, hún, það tapaði | þeir, þær, þau töpuðu | hann, hún, það tapaði | þeir, þær, þau töpuðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
tapa (þú) | tapið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
tapaðu | tapiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að tapast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
tapast | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
tapandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég tapast | við töpumst | present (nútíð) |
ég tapist | við töpumst |
þú tapast | þið tapist | þú tapist | þið tapist | ||
hann, hún, það tapast | þeir, þær, þau tapast | hann, hún, það tapist | þeir, þær, þau tapist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég tapaðist | við töpuðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég tapaðist | við töpuðumst |
þú tapaðist | þið töpuðust | þú tapaðist | þið töpuðust | ||
hann, hún, það tapaðist | þeir, þær, þau töpuðust | hann, hún, það tapaðist | þeir, þær, þau töpuðust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
tapast (þú) | tapist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
tapastu | tapisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
tapaður | töpuð | tapað | tapaðir | tapaðar | töpuð | |
accusative (þolfall) |
tapaðan | tapaða | tapað | tapaða | tapaðar | töpuð | |
dative (þágufall) |
töpuðum | tapaðri | töpuðu | töpuðum | töpuðum | töpuðum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
tapaðs | tapaðrar | tapaðs | tapaðra | tapaðra | tapaðra | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
tapaði | tapaða | tapaða | töpuðu | töpuðu | töpuðu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
tapaða | töpuðu | tapaða | töpuðu | töpuðu | töpuðu | |
dative (þágufall) |
tapaða | töpuðu | tapaða | töpuðu | töpuðu | töpuðu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
tapaða | töpuðu | tapaða | töpuðu | töpuðu | töpuðu |
Related terms
Indonesian
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Verb
tapa
- to do asceticism
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
tapa
- a fish, (Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.).
Alternative forms
Etymology 3
From Minangkabau, from Sanskrit तप (tapa).
Pronunciation
Adjective
tapa
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
Verb
tapa
- Alternative form of tempa
Further reading
- “tapa” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Ingrian
Noun
tapa
Irish
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Alternative forms
- tapadh (nonstandard, archaic)
Pronunciation
Adjective
tapa
Declension
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | tapa | thapa | tapa; thapa² | |
Vocative | thapa | tapa | ||
Genitive | tapa | tapa | tapa | |
Dative | tapa; thapa¹ |
thapa | tapa; thapa² | |
Comparative | níos tapa | |||
Superlative | is tapa |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Related terms
Noun
tapa m (genitive singular tapa)
Declension
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
tapa | thapa | dtapa |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Latvian
Noun
tapa f (4th declension)
Declension
Verb
tapa
- (deprecated template usage) 3rd person singular past indicative form of tapt
- (deprecated template usage) 3rd person plural past indicative form of tapt
Maori
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *tapa.
Noun
tapa
Muzo
Etymology
From or cognate to a Cariban word like Kari'na topu (“stone”).
Noun
tapa
References
- Willem F. H. Adelaar, The Languages of the Andes (2004)
- Napoleón Peralta Barrera, El país de los muzos (1998)
Norwegian Bokmål
Alternative forms
Noun
tapa n
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
Etymology 1
From Old Norse tapa. Cognate with Danish tabe, Swedish tappa and Faroese tapa.
Pronunciation
Verb
tapa (present tense tapar/taper, past tense tapa/tapte, past participle tapa/tapt, passive infinitive tapast, present participle tapande, imperative tapa/tap)
- to lose (to come last, lose a match, lose money)
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Verb
tapa (present tense tapar, past tense tapa, past participle tapa, passive infinitive tapast, present participle tapande, imperative tapa/tap)
- Alternative form of teipa
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Noun
tapa n
References
- “tapa” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse
Verb
tapa
- (transitive, with dative) to lose
Conjugation
infinitive | tapa | |
---|---|---|
present participle | tapandi | |
past participle | tapaðr | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | tapa | tapaða |
2nd-person singular | tapar | tapaðir |
3rd-person singular | tapar | tapaði |
1st-person plural | tǫpum | tǫpuðum |
2nd-person plural | tapið | tǫpuðuð |
3rd-person plural | tapa | tǫpuðu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | tapa | tapaða |
2nd-person singular | tapir | tapaðir |
3rd-person singular | tapi | tapaði |
1st-person plural | tapim | tapaðim |
2nd-person plural | tapið | tapaðið |
3rd-person plural | tapi | tapaði |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | tapa | |
1st-person plural | tǫpum | |
2nd-person plural | tapið |
infinitive | tapask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | tapandisk | |
past participle | tapazk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | tǫpumk | tǫpuðumk |
2nd-person singular | tapask | tapaðisk |
3rd-person singular | tapask | tapaðisk |
1st-person plural | tǫpumsk | tǫpuðumsk |
2nd-person plural | tapizk | tǫpuðuzk |
3rd-person plural | tapask | tǫpuðusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | tǫpumk | tǫpuðumk |
2nd-person singular | tapisk | tapaðisk |
3rd-person singular | tapisk | tapaðisk |
1st-person plural | tapimsk | tapaðimsk |
2nd-person plural | tapizk | tapaðizk |
3rd-person plural | tapisk | tapaðisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | tapask | |
1st-person plural | tǫpumsk | |
2nd-person plural | tapizk |
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- “tapa”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Portuguese
Etymology
From Gothic *tappa, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“plug, tap”). Cognate with Italian tappare.
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -apa
Noun
tapa m (plural tapas)
Related terms
Verb
tapa
Spanish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Gothic *tappa, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“plug, tap”). Cognate with Italian tappare and English tap.
Noun
tapa f (plural tapas)
- lid, cap (the top or cover of a container)
- the bottom of a shoe's heel
- cover (the front and back of a book)
- sluicegate
- Synonym: compuerta
- flank (a cut of meat from the flank of a cow)
- tapa, appetizer (small portion of food)
- (Philippines) dried or cured meat
Usage notes
- Tapa is a false friend, and does not mean tap. Spanish equivalents are shown in the "Translations" section of the English entry tap.
Derived terms
Related terms
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
tapa
- Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of tapar.
- Formal second-person singular (usted) present indicative form of tapar.
- Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present indicative form of tapar.
Further reading
- “tapa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swahili
Verb
tapa
- to shiver
Tongan
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *tapa.
Pronunciation
Noun
tapa
Descendants
- → English: tapa
Zulu
Verb
-tâpa
Inflection
Tone HH | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukutapa | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukutapa | ukungatapi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | tapa | -tape | |||||||
Plural | tapani | -tapeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyatapa, ngitapa | engitapayo, engitapa | ngitapa | angitapi | engingatapi | ngingatapi | |||
2nd singular | uyatapa, utapa | otapayo, otapa | utapa | awutapi | ongatapi | ungatapi | |||
1st plural | siyatapa, sitapa | esitapayo, esitapa | sitapa | asitapi | esingatapi | singatapi | |||
2nd plural | niyatapa, nitapa | enitapayo, enitapa | nitapa | anitapi | eningatapi | ningatapi | |||
Class 1 | uyatapa, utapa | otapayo, otapa | etapa | akatapi | ongatapi | engatapi | |||
Class 2 | bayatapa, batapa | abatapayo, abatapa | betapa | abatapi | abangatapi | bengatapi | |||
Class 3 | uyatapa, utapa | otapayo, otapa | utapa | awutapi | ongatapi | ungatapi | |||
Class 4 | iyatapa, itapa | etapayo, etapa | itapa | ayitapi | engatapi | ingatapi | |||
Class 5 | liyatapa, litapa | elitapayo, elitapa | litapa | alitapi | elingatapi | lingatapi | |||
Class 6 | ayatapa, atapa | atapayo, atapa | etapa | awatapi | angatapi | engatapi | |||
Class 7 | siyatapa, sitapa | esitapayo, esitapa | sitapa | asitapi | esingatapi | singatapi | |||
Class 8 | ziyatapa, zitapa | ezitapayo, ezitapa | zitapa | azitapi | ezingatapi | zingatapi | |||
Class 9 | iyatapa, itapa | etapayo, etapa | itapa | ayitapi | engatapi | ingatapi | |||
Class 10 | ziyatapa, zitapa | ezitapayo, ezitapa | zitapa | azitapi | ezingatapi | zingatapi | |||
Class 11 | luyatapa, lutapa | olutapayo, olutapa | lutapa | alutapi | olungatapi | lungatapi | |||
Class 14 | buyatapa, butapa | obutapayo, obutapa | butapa | abutapi | obungatapi | bungatapi | |||
Class 15 | kuyatapa, kutapa | okutapayo, okutapa | kutapa | akutapi | okungatapi | kungatapi | |||
Class 17 | kuyatapa, kutapa | okutapayo, okutapa | kutapa | akutapi | okungatapi | kungatapi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngitapile, ngitapē | engitapile, engitapē | ngitapile, ngitapē | angitapanga | engingatapanga | ngingatapanga | |||
2nd singular | utapile, utapē | otapile, otapē | utapile, utapē | awutapanga | ongatapanga | ungatapanga | |||
1st plural | sitapile, sitapē | esitapile, esitapē | sitapile, sitapē | asitapanga | esingatapanga | singatapanga | |||
2nd plural | nitapile, nitapē | enitapile, enitapē | nitapile, nitapē | anitapanga | eningatapanga | ningatapanga | |||
Class 1 | utapile, utapē | otapile, otapē | etapile, etapē | akatapanga | ongatapanga | engatapanga | |||
Class 2 | batapile, batapē | abatapile, abatapē | betapile, betapē | abatapanga | abangatapanga | bengatapanga | |||
Class 3 | utapile, utapē | otapile, otapē | utapile, utapē | awutapanga | ongatapanga | ungatapanga | |||
Class 4 | itapile, itapē | etapile, etapē | itapile, itapē | ayitapanga | engatapanga | ingatapanga | |||
Class 5 | litapile, litapē | elitapile, elitapē | litapile, litapē | alitapanga | elingatapanga | lingatapanga | |||
Class 6 | atapile, atapē | atapile, atapē | etapile, etapē | awatapanga | angatapanga | engatapanga | |||
Class 7 | sitapile, sitapē | esitapile, esitapē | sitapile, sitapē | asitapanga | esingatapanga | singatapanga | |||
Class 8 | zitapile, zitapē | ezitapile, ezitapē | zitapile, zitapē | azitapanga | ezingatapanga | zingatapanga | |||
Class 9 | itapile, itapē | etapile, etapē | itapile, itapē | ayitapanga | engatapanga | ingatapanga | |||
Class 10 | zitapile, zitapē | ezitapile, ezitapē | zitapile, zitapē | azitapanga | ezingatapanga | zingatapanga | |||
Class 11 | lutapile, lutapē | olutapile, olutapē | lutapile, lutapē | alutapanga | olungatapanga | lungatapanga | |||
Class 14 | butapile, butapē | obutapile, obutapē | butapile, butapē | abutapanga | obungatapanga | bungatapanga | |||
Class 15 | kutapile, kutapē | okutapile, okutapē | kutapile, kutapē | akutapanga | okungatapanga | kungatapanga | |||
Class 17 | kutapile, kutapē | okutapile, okutapē | kutapile, kutapē | akutapanga | okungatapanga | kungatapanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngātapa | engātapa | ngātapa | angitapanga | engingatapanga | ngingatapanga | |||
2nd singular | wātapa | owātapa | wātapa | awutapanga | ongatapanga | ungatapanga | |||
1st plural | sātapa | esātapa | sātapa | asitapanga | esingatapanga | singatapanga | |||
2nd plural | nātapa | enātapa | nātapa | anitapanga | eningatapanga | ningatapanga | |||
Class 1 | wātapa | owātapa | ātapa | akatapanga | ongatapanga | engatapanga | |||
Class 2 | bātapa | abātapa | bātapa | abatapanga | abangatapanga | bengatapanga | |||
Class 3 | wātapa | owātapa | wātapa | awutapanga | ongatapanga | ungatapanga | |||
Class 4 | yātapa | eyātapa | yātapa | ayitapanga | engatapanga | ingatapanga | |||
Class 5 | lātapa | elātapa | lātapa | alitapanga | elingatapanga | lingatapanga | |||
Class 6 | ātapa | ātapa | ātapa | awatapanga | angatapanga | engatapanga | |||
Class 7 | sātapa | esātapa | sātapa | asitapanga | esingatapanga | singatapanga | |||
Class 8 | zātapa | ezātapa | zātapa | azitapanga | ezingatapanga | zingatapanga | |||
Class 9 | yātapa | eyātapa | yātapa | ayitapanga | engatapanga | ingatapanga | |||
Class 10 | zātapa | ezātapa | zātapa | azitapanga | ezingatapanga | zingatapanga | |||
Class 11 | lwātapa | olwātapa | lwātapa | alutapanga | olungatapanga | lungatapanga | |||
Class 14 | bātapa | obātapa | bātapa | abutapanga | obungatapanga | bungatapanga | |||
Class 15 | kwātapa | okwātapa | kwātapa | akutapanga | okungatapanga | kungatapanga | |||
Class 17 | kwātapa | okwātapa | kwātapa | akutapanga | okungatapanga | kungatapanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingatapa | — | ngingatapa | ngingetape | — | ngingetape | |||
2nd singular | ungatapa | — | ungatapa | ungetape | — | ungetape | |||
1st plural | singatapa | — | singatapa | singetape | — | singetape | |||
2nd plural | ningatapa | — | ningatapa | ningetape | — | ningetape | |||
Class 1 | angatapa | — | engatapa | angetape | — | engetape | |||
Class 2 | bangatapa | — | bengatapa | bangetape | — | bengetape | |||
Class 3 | ungatapa | — | ungatapa | ungetape | — | ungetape | |||
Class 4 | ingatapa | — | ingatapa | ingetape | — | ingetape | |||
Class 5 | lingatapa | — | lingatapa | lingetape | — | lingetape | |||
Class 6 | angatapa | — | engatapa | angetape | — | engetape | |||
Class 7 | singatapa | — | singatapa | singetape | — | singetape | |||
Class 8 | zingatapa | — | zingatapa | zingetape | — | zingetape | |||
Class 9 | ingatapa | — | ingatapa | ingetape | — | ingetape | |||
Class 10 | zingatapa | — | zingatapa | zingetape | — | zingetape | |||
Class 11 | lungatapa | — | lungatapa | lungetape | — | lungetape | |||
Class 14 | bungatapa | — | bungatapa | bungetape | — | bungetape | |||
Class 15 | kungatapa | — | kungatapa | kungetape | — | kungetape | |||
Class 17 | kungatapa | — | kungatapa | kungetape | — | kungetape | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizotapa | engizotapa | ngizotapa | angizutapa | engingezutapa | ngingezutapa | |||
2nd singular | uzotapa | ozotapa | uzotapa | awuzutapa | ongezutapa | ungezutapa | |||
1st plural | sizotapa | esizotapa | sizotapa | asizutapa | esingezutapa | singezutapa | |||
2nd plural | nizotapa | enizotapa | nizotapa | anizutapa | eningezutapa | ningezutapa | |||
Class 1 | uzotapa | ozotapa | ezotapa | akazutapa | ongezutapa | engezutapa | |||
Class 2 | bazotapa | abazotapa | bezotapa | abazutapa | abangezutapa | bengezutapa | |||
Class 3 | uzotapa | ozotapa | uzotapa | awuzutapa | ongezutapa | ungezutapa | |||
Class 4 | izotapa | ezotapa | izotapa | ayizutapa | engezutapa | ingezutapa | |||
Class 5 | lizotapa | elizotapa | lizotapa | alizutapa | elingezutapa | lingezutapa | |||
Class 6 | azotapa | azotapa | ezotapa | awazutapa | angezutapa | engezutapa | |||
Class 7 | sizotapa | esizotapa | sizotapa | asizutapa | esingezutapa | singezutapa | |||
Class 8 | zizotapa | ezizotapa | zizotapa | azizutapa | ezingezutapa | zingezutapa | |||
Class 9 | izotapa | ezotapa | izotapa | ayizutapa | engezutapa | ingezutapa | |||
Class 10 | zizotapa | ezizotapa | zizotapa | azizutapa | ezingezutapa | zingezutapa | |||
Class 11 | luzotapa | oluzotapa | luzotapa | aluzutapa | olungezutapa | lungezutapa | |||
Class 14 | buzotapa | obuzotapa | buzotapa | abuzutapa | obungezutapa | bungezutapa | |||
Class 15 | kuzotapa | okuzotapa | kuzotapa | akuzutapa | okungezutapa | kungezutapa | |||
Class 17 | kuzotapa | okuzotapa | kuzotapa | akuzutapa | okungezutapa | kungezutapa | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyotapa | engiyotapa | ngiyotapa | angiyutapa | engingeyutapa | ngingeyutapa | |||
2nd singular | uyotapa | oyotapa | uyotapa | awuyutapa | ongeyutapa | ungeyutapa | |||
1st plural | siyotapa | esiyotapa | siyotapa | asiyutapa | esingeyutapa | singeyutapa | |||
2nd plural | niyotapa | eniyotapa | niyotapa | aniyutapa | eningeyutapa | ningeyutapa | |||
Class 1 | uyotapa | oyotapa | eyotapa | akayutapa | ongeyutapa | engeyutapa | |||
Class 2 | bayotapa | abayotapa | beyotapa | abayutapa | abangeyutapa | bengeyutapa | |||
Class 3 | uyotapa | oyotapa | uyotapa | awuyutapa | ongeyutapa | ungeyutapa | |||
Class 4 | iyotapa | eyotapa | iyotapa | ayiyutapa | engeyutapa | ingeyutapa | |||
Class 5 | liyotapa | eliyotapa | liyotapa | aliyutapa | elingeyutapa | lingeyutapa | |||
Class 6 | ayotapa | ayotapa | eyotapa | awayutapa | angeyutapa | engeyutapa | |||
Class 7 | siyotapa | esiyotapa | siyotapa | asiyutapa | esingeyutapa | singeyutapa | |||
Class 8 | ziyotapa | eziyotapa | ziyotapa | aziyutapa | ezingeyutapa | zingeyutapa | |||
Class 9 | iyotapa | eyotapa | iyotapa | ayiyutapa | engeyutapa | ingeyutapa | |||
Class 10 | ziyotapa | eziyotapa | ziyotapa | aziyutapa | ezingeyutapa | zingeyutapa | |||
Class 11 | luyotapa | oluyotapa | luyotapa | aluyutapa | olungeyutapa | lungeyutapa | |||
Class 14 | buyotapa | obuyotapa | buyotapa | abuyutapa | obungeyutapa | bungeyutapa | |||
Class 15 | kuyotapa | okuyotapa | kuyotapa | akuyutapa | okungeyutapa | kungeyutapa | |||
Class 17 | kuyotapa | okuyotapa | kuyotapa | akuyutapa | okungeyutapa | kungeyutapa | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngitape | ngingatapi | |||||||
2nd singular | utape | ungatapi | |||||||
1st plural | sitape | singatapi | |||||||
2nd plural | nitape | ningatapi | |||||||
Class 1 | atape | angatapi | |||||||
Class 2 | batape | bangatapi | |||||||
Class 3 | utape | ungatapi | |||||||
Class 4 | itape | ingatapi | |||||||
Class 5 | litape | lingatapi | |||||||
Class 6 | atape | angatapi | |||||||
Class 7 | sitape | singatapi | |||||||
Class 8 | zitape | zingatapi | |||||||
Class 9 | itape | ingatapi | |||||||
Class 10 | zitape | zingatapi | |||||||
Class 11 | lutape | lungatapi | |||||||
Class 14 | butape | bungatapi | |||||||
Class 15 | kutape | kungatapi | |||||||
Class 17 | kutape | kungatapi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngatapa | ngangatapa, angatapa, angangatapa | |||||||
2nd singular | watapa | wangatapa, awatapa, awangatapa | |||||||
1st plural | satapa | sangatapa, asatapa, asangatapa | |||||||
2nd plural | natapa | nangatapa, anatapa, anangatapa | |||||||
Class 1 | watapa | wangatapa, akatapa, akangatapa | |||||||
Class 2 | batapa | bangatapa, abatapa, abangatapa | |||||||
Class 3 | watapa | wangatapa, awatapa, awangatapa | |||||||
Class 4 | yatapa | yangatapa, ayatapa, ayangatapa | |||||||
Class 5 | latapa | langatapa, alatapa, alangatapa | |||||||
Class 6 | atapa | angatapa, awatapa, awangatapa | |||||||
Class 7 | satapa | sangatapa, asatapa, asangatapa | |||||||
Class 8 | zatapa | zangatapa, azatapa, azangatapa | |||||||
Class 9 | yatapa | yangatapa, ayatapa, ayangatapa | |||||||
Class 10 | zatapa | zangatapa, azatapa, azangatapa | |||||||
Class 11 | lwatapa | lwangatapa, alwatapa, alwangatapa | |||||||
Class 14 | batapa | bangatapa, abatapa, abangatapa | |||||||
Class 15 | kwatapa | kwangatapa, akwatapa, akwangatapa | |||||||
Class 17 | kwatapa | kwangatapa, akwatapa, akwangatapa |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “tapa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “tapa (3.9)”
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