恨

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恨 U+6068, 恨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6068
← 恧
[U+6067] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 恩 →
[U+6069]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

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恨 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心日女 (PAV), four-corner 97032, composition ⿰忄艮)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10588
  • Dae Jaweon: page 716, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2299, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6068

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 恨

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (艮) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
艱 *krɯːn
齦 *kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn
眼 *ŋrɯːnʔ
蛝 *ɡrɯːn
限 *ɡrɯːnʔ
硍 *ɡrɯːnʔ
豤 *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn
詪 *ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns
根 *kɯːn
跟 *kɯːn
珢 *kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn
艮 *kɯːns
茛 *kɯːns
墾 *kʰɯːnʔ
懇 *kʰɯːnʔ
垠 *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn
泿 *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn
痕 *ɡɯːn
拫 *ɡɯːn
鞎 *ɡɯːn
很 *ɡɯːnʔ
恨 *ɡɯːns
銀 *ŋrɯn
檭 *ŋrɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːns) : semantic 忄 (“heart; thought; emotion”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 恨
Mandarin Beijing /xən⁵¹/
Harbin /xən⁵³/
Tianjin /xən⁵³/
Jinan /xẽ²¹/
Qingdao /xə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /xən³¹²/
Xi'an /xẽ⁴⁴/
Xining /xə̃²¹³/
Yinchuan /xəŋ¹³/
Lanzhou /xə̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /xɤŋ²¹³/
Wuhan /xən³⁵/
Chengdu /xən¹³/
Guiyang /xen²¹³/
Kunming /xə̃²¹²/
Nanjing /xən⁴⁴/
Hefei /xən⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /xəŋ⁴⁵/ 仇～
/xəŋ⁵³/ ～人
Pingyao /xəŋ⁵³/
/xəŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /xə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /ɦəŋ²³/
Suzhou /ɦən³¹/
Hangzhou /ɦen¹³/
Wenzhou /ɦaŋ²²/
Hui Shexian /xʌ̃²²/
Tunxi /xɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /xən⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /hən⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /hɛn²¹/
Hakka Meixian /hen⁵³/
Taoyuan /hen⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɐŋ²²/
Nanning /hɐn²²/
Hong Kong /hɐŋ²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hun²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /hɔuŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xaiŋ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hɯŋ³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hun³³/
Rime
Character 恨
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 痕 (53)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡艮切
Baxter honH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦənH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦənH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣənH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦənH/
Li
Rong 		/ɣənH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣənH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣənH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hèn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		han6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 恨
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hèn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ honH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[m-q]ˁə[n]-s/
English regret

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 恨
Reading # 1/1
No. 3938
Phonetic
component 		艮
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		恨
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡɯːns/

Definitions

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恨

  1. to resent; to hate
    可恨  ―  kěhèn  ―  abominable
    我恨死你了！  ―  Wǒ hèn sǐ nǐ le!  ―  I hate you to death!
  2. to regret; to pity
    恨不得  ―  hènbùdé  ―  to wish that one could ("to regret that one may not")
    恨鐵不成鋼／恨铁不成钢  ―  hèntiěbùchénggāng  ―  to pity someone's lack of improvement
    1. (chiefly literary) to pine; to long for; to miss; to suffer from intense desire
  3. hatred; dislike
    抱恨  ―  bàohèn  ―  to be bitterly regretful
    懷恨在心／怀恨在心  ―  huáihènzàixīn  ―  to harbour hatred; to entertain hateful thoughts
  4. (Cantonese) to be eager for something

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 恨 (“to hate”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 恨, 憎恨, 嫌惡
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 恨
Taiwan 恨
Malaysia 恨
Singapore 恨
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 恨
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 恨
Ürümqi 恨
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 恨
Wuhan 恨, 懥怨
Liuzhou 恨
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 恨
Hefei 恨
Cantonese Guangzhou 憎, 嬲
Hong Kong 憎
Dongguan 憎
Yangjiang 嬲
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 憎
Singapore (Guangfu) 憎
Gan Nanchang 恨
Hakka Meixian 恨
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 恨
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 恨
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 恨
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 恨
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 恨
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 恨
Jin Taiyuan 恨
Xinzhou 恨
Northern Min Jian'ou 恨
Eastern Min Fuzhou 恨
Southern Min Xiamen 恨, 猌
Zhangzhou 猌
Taipei 猌 GT, 恨 GT
Penang (Hokkien) 猌, 惱
Singapore (Hokkien) 猌
Chaozhou 恨
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 恨
Wu Suzhou 恨
Wenzhou 恨
Xiang Changsha 恨
Shuangfeng 馮, 恨
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (恨):
  • → Japanese: 恨(こん) (kon)
  • → Korean: 한(恨) (han)
  • → Vietnamese: hận (恨)

Japanese

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Kanji

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恨

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. to resent; to hate; be hostile to

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
恨
はん
Grade: S
irregular

From Korean 한(恨) (han).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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恨(ハン) • (han) 

  1. han (resentment as a part of the Korean cultural identity)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 恨 (MC honH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅘᅳᆫ〮 (Yale: hhún)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 애ᄃᆞᆯ (Yale: aytol) ᄒᆞᆫ (Yale: hon)

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ha̠(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [한(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

恨 (eumhun 한탄할 한 (hantanhal han))

  1. hanja form? of 한 (“deep-seated resentment”) [noun]
  2. hanja form? of 한 (“to resent; to hate”) [affix]

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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恨: Hán Nôm readings: hận, giận, hằn, hờn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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