Wiktionary:English pronunciation key
Definition from Wiktionary, a free dictionary
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[edit] English
The following tables show the IPA, SAMPA and enPR/AHD representations of English pronunciation, in both Received Pronunciation (UK) and General American (US). For vowels in other dialects, see IPA chart for English.
[edit] Vowels
The vowel table lists both monophthongs and diphthongs.
| enPR (AHD) |
IPA | SAMPA | Examples | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RP | GA | RP | GA | ||
| ă | æ | { | bad, cat, ran | ||
| ăr | æɹ | {r\ | carry | ||
| ā | eɪ | eI | bait, play, same | ||
| ä | ɑː | ɑ | A: | A | father |
| är | ɑː(ɹ) | ɑɹ | A: | Ar\ | arm, bard, aria |
| âr | ɛə(ɹ) | ɛɹ | E@ | Er\ | hair, pear, there, scary |
| ĕ | ɛ | E | bed, bet, end | ||
| ĕr | ɛɹ | Er\ | merry | ||
| ē | iː | i | i: | i | ease, see |
| ĭ | ɪ | I | city, bit | ||
| i[1] | i | i | city, very, ready | ||
| ĭr | ɪɹ | Ir\ | syrup, Sirius | ||
| ī | aɪ | aI | my, rise | ||
| îr | ɪə(ɹ) | ɪɹ | I@ | Ir\ | here, near, peer, serious |
| ŏ | ɒ | ɑ | Q | A | not |
| ō | əʊ | oʊ | @U | oU | go, hope, know |
| ōr | ɔə(ɹ) | oɹ, ɔɹ | O@ | or\, Or\ | hoarse, glory |
| ô | ɔː | ɔ | O: | O | law, caught, saw |
| ôr | ɔː(ɹ) | ɔɹ | O: | Or\ | horse, more, laureate |
| oi | ɔɪ | OI | boy, noise | ||
| o͝o, ŏŏ | ʊ | U | put, foot | ||
| o͝or, ŏŏr | ʊə(ɹ) | ʊɹ | U@ | Ur\ | poor, tour, tourism |
| o͞o, ōō | uː | u | u: | u | lose, soon, through |
| ou | aʊ | aU | house, now | ||
| ŭ | ʌ | V | run, enough, up | ||
| ûr | ɜː(ɹ) | ɝ | 3: | 3` | fur, bird |
| ə | ə | @ | about | ||
| ər | ə(ɹ) | ɚ | @ | @` | enter |
[1] Not an AHD symbol. Often written as AHD ē in Wiktionary entries.
[edit] Consonants
| enPR (AHD) |
IPA | SAMPA | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| b | b | b | but, able, cab, wobble, ebb |
| ch | tʃ | tS | chat, teacher, inch, catch, nature |
| d | d | d | dot, idea, nod, fodder, odd |
| f | f | f | fan, left, leaf, enough, phase, graphic, epitaph |
| g | ɡ | g | get, magnet, bag |
| h | h | h | ham |
| hw | ʍ | W | which |
| j | dʒ | dZ | joy, ajar, gin, agile, age, edge |
| k | k | k | cat, kit, queen, pique, choir, ache, tack |
| KH | x | x | (Scottish) loch |
| l | l | l | left (before vowel of syllable) |
| l | l̩ | l= | little |
| m | m | m | man, animal, him |
| m | m̩ | m= | spasm, prism |
| n | n | n | not, ant, pan |
| n | n̩ | n= | hidden |
| ng | ŋ | N | singer, ring |
| p | p | p | pen, spin, top, apple |
| r | ɹ[2] | r\ | run, very |
| s | s | s | set, list, pass, city, ice |
| sh | ʃ | S | she, ash, sure, ration |
| t | t | t | ton, stab, mat, attend, butt, ought |
| th | θ | T | thin, nothing, moth |
| th | ð | D | this, father, clothe |
| v | v | v | voice, navel, save, of |
| w | w | w | wet |
| y | j | j | yes |
| z | z | z | zoo, quiz, fuzz, rose, xylem |
| zh | ʒ | Z | vision, beige |
[2] Often conventionally written /r/, especially in works that cover only English.
[edit] Other symbols
A stress mark is placed before the syllable that is stressed in IPA and SAMPA and after it in enPR and AHD.
| enPR (AHD) |
IPA | SAMPA | Indicates |
|---|---|---|---|
| ʹ (aʹ) | ˈ (ˈa) | " ("a) | primary stress |
| ' (a') | ˌ (ˌa) | % (%a) | secondary stress, sometimes tertiary stress |
| a-a | a.a | a.a | division between syllables |
Note: The EnPR and print AHD marks are formatted slightly differently. Online, AHD writes both ', though they do not always represent the same phoneme.
