守

Translingual

Han character

守 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 十木戈 (JDI), four-corner 3034₂, composition ⿱宀寸)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 282, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7071
• Dae Jaweon: page 552, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 912, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5B88

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		守

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 守
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (守) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
守	*qʰljuʔ, *qʰljus
狩	*qʰljus

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shǒu (shou³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sau²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sú
• Northern Min (KCR): siǔ
• Eastern Min (BUC): siū
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siú / chiú / chiúⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siu²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shǒu
    • Wade–Giles: shou³
    • Yale: shǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shoou
    • Palladius: шоу (šou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sau²
    • Yale: sáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: seo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐu̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sú
    • Hakka Romanization System: su`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: su³
    • Sinological IPA: /su³¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: siǔ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siu²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sieu³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siú
    • Tâi-lô: siú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siuo
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siu⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /siu⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiú
    • Tâi-lô: tsiú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciuo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siu⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡siu⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siu⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiúⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsiúnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cviuo
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siũ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siũ⁴¹/

Note:

• siú - literary;
• chiú/chiúⁿ - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: siu²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siú
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siu⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: syuwX, syuwH

Rime
Character	守	守
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	書九切	舒救切
Baxter	syuwX	syuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨuX/	/ɕɨuH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiuX/	/ɕiuH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiəuX/	/ɕiəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕuwX/	/ɕuwH/
Li Rong	/ɕiuX/	/ɕiuH/
Wang Li	/ɕĭəuX/	/ɕĭəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ə̯uX/	/ɕi̯ə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shǒu	shòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sau2	sau3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tuʔ/, /*s.tuʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰljuʔ/, /*qʰljus/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	守	守
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shǒu	shòu
Middle Chinese	‹ syuwX ›	‹ syuwH ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tuʔ/	/*s.tuʔ-s/
English	keep, guard	territory in somebody"s guard, fief
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	守	守
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	11666	11668
Phonetic component	守	守
Rime group	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	首	狩
Old Chinese	/*qʰljuʔ/	/*qʰljus/
Notes	從宀從寸象掌守護家業之事， 或許肘亦聲

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 守

1. to defend; to protect; to guard; to conserve; to watch
2. 57th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "guardedness" (𝌾)

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

守

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. protect, defend, watch over

Synonyms

• (protect): 衛, 仗

Readings

• Go-on: しゅ (shu, Jōyō); す (su, Jōyō ^†)
• Kan-on: しゅう (shū)
• Kun: かみ (kami, 守); こう (kō, 守); もる (moru, 守る); もり (mori, 守); もり (mori, 守り, Jōyō); まもる (mamoru, 守る, Jōyō); まもり (mamori, 守); まもり (mamori, 守り); まぼる (maboru, 守る); まぶる (maburu, 守る)
• Nanori: う (u); し (shi); て (te); まもる (mamoru); も (mo)

Compounds

Compounds

• 井(い)守(もり) (imori): salamander, newt
• 守衛(しゅえい) (shuei)
• 守禦(しゅぎょ) (shugyo)
• 守護(しゅご) (shugo)
• 守株(しゅしゅ) (shushu)
• 守戍(しゅじゅ) (shuju)
• 守備(しゅび) (shubi)

• 死守(ししゅ) (shishu)
• 肥(ひ)後(ごの)守(かみ) (higonokami)
• 守護神(しゅごしん) (shugoshin): a tutelary deity
• 守宮(やもり) (yamori), 守宮(しゅきゅう) (shukyū), 家(や)守(もり) (yamori): gecko
• 家(や)守(もり) (yamori): guarding a house, or a person who does such; real estate agent in the Edo period
• 留守(るす) (rusu): absence

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
守
もり Grade: 3
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 守る (moru, “to protect, to watch over”). Also spelled with the okurigana り.

Alternative forms

• 守り

Noun

守(もり) • (mori) 

1. a watchman, a keeper (as of a lighthouse), a caretaker
2. a nursemaid, a babysitter

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
守
まもる Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From verb 守る (mamoru, “to protect”).

Proper noun

守(まもる) • (Mamoru) 

1. a male given name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
守
まもり Grade: 3
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 守る (mamoru, “to protect”). Also spelled with the okurigana り.

Alternative forms

• 守り

Noun

守(まもり) • (mamori) 

1. standing watch, standing guard
2. a watchman, a guard (especially at a castle or fort)
3. divine protection from misfortune
4. a god or spirit providing such protection
5. a ward, charm, talisman, or other item providing divine protection
6. short for 守り刀, 守刀 (mamorigatana, “protection sword”, sword always kept at one's side for personal protection)
7. a seal or coat of arms using a 守り札 (mamorifuda, “charm tag”), 守り袋 (mamoribukuro, “charm bag”), or similar charm for the design

Synonyms

• (watchman): 守備(しゅび) (shubi); 警備(けいび) (keibi); 警護(けいご) (keigo)
• (divine protector): 守(まも)り神(がみ) (mamorigami); 守護神(しゅごしん) (shugoshin)
• (charm): お守(まも)り (omamori); 守(まも)り札(ふだ) (mamorifuda); 護符(ごふ) (gofu); 守(まも)り袋(ぶくろ) (mamoribukuro)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
守
まぼり Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Alteration of mamori.

Noun

守(まぼり) • (mabori) 

1. see mamori above

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
守
まぶり Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Alteration of mabori.

Noun

守(まぶり) • (maburi) 

1. see mamori above

Etymology 6

Kanji in this term
守
しゅ Grade: 3
on’yomi

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese.

Noun

守(しゅ) • (shu) 

1. (archaic) used when listing an official's titles when there are two or more (compare English cum)
2. short for 守護 (shugo, “protection, protector”)
3. (archaic) short for 国守 (kokushu, “head administrator of a kuni in the old Ritsuryō system”)

Etymology 7

Kanji in this term
守
かみ Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From the sense of being above in rank and status. Essentially of the same meaning as 上 (kami, “above”), but spelled 守 to convey a sense of “watching” or “overseeing”. This spelling is an example of jukujikun or ateji used for the meaning.

Alternative forms

• 長官

Noun

守(かみ) • (kami) 

1. (archaic) under the old Ritsuryō system of ancient Japan, the highest of the four ranks of civil servant staff, and general term for head administrators of government departments
2. (archaic) in the first year of the new Meiji era government established in 1868, the title of the seven heads of all government bureaus except the 総裁局 (Sōsai Kyoku, “Bureau of the President”), whose head was titled 総裁 (Sōsai, “president” or “director general”)

Etymology 8

Kanji in this term
守
こう Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Alteration of kami.

/kami/ → /kamu/ → /kau/ → /kɔː/ → /koː/

Noun

守(こう) • (kō) ^{←かう (kau)?}

1. (obsolete) see kami above; used in obsolete titles

Derived terms

The following are all titles in the old Ritsuryō system.

• 守(こう)の君(きみ) (kō no kimi)
• 守(こう)の殿(との) (kō no tono)
• 守(こう)の主(ぬし) (kō no nushi)

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Korean

Hanja

守 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 守 (thú, thủ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.