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矛盾

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Chinese

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spear; lance; pike shield
simp. and trad.
(矛盾) 		矛 盾
alternative forms 矛楯
Literally: “lance and shield”.
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Etymology

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From a tale in Han Feizi first attested in c. 2nd century BCE.

楚人有鬻盾與矛者，譽之曰：「吾盾之堅，物莫能陷之。」以譽其矛曰：「吾矛之利，於物無不陷也。」或曰：「以子之矛陷子之盾，何如？」其人弗能應也。夫不可陷之盾與無不陷之矛，不可同世而立。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
楚人有鬻盾与矛者，誉之曰：「吾盾之坚，物莫能陷之。」以誉其矛曰：「吾矛之利，于物无不陷也。」或曰：「以子之矛陷子之盾，何如？」其人弗能应也。夫不可陷之盾与无不陷之矛，不可同世而立。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: Han Feizi, circa 2nd century BCE
Chǔ rén yǒu yù dùn yǔ máo zhě, yù zhī yuē: “Wú dùn zhī jiān, wù mò néng xiàn zhī.” Yǐ yù qí máo yuē: “Wú máo zhī lì, yú wù wú bù xiàn yě.” Huò yuē: “Yǐ zǐ zhī máo xiàn zǐ zhī dùn, hérú?” Qí rén fú néng yìng yě. Fú bùkě xiàn zhī dùn yǔ wú bù xiàn zhī máo, bùkě tóng shì ér lì. [Pinyin]
There was once a man in the state of Chu, who was selling shields and lances. He was praising them saying: “My shields are so firm, that there is nothing that can pierce them.” He praised his lances saying: “My lances are so sharp, that there is nothing that they cannot pierce.” Someone asked: “What if you used your lances to pierce your shields?” The man could not answer. A shield that cannot be pierced and a lance that can pierce everything cannot exist in the same world.

Pronunciation

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Note: meu2 - older pronunciation.
Rime
Character 矛 盾 盾
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 明 (4) 船 (27) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 諄 (47) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Closed Closed
Division (等) III III I
Fanqie 莫浮切 食尹切 徒損切
Baxter mjuw zywinX dwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mɨu/ /ʑiuɪnX/ /duənX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/miu/ /ʑʷinX/ /duonX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/miəu/ /ʑjuenX/ /duənX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/muw/ /ʑwinX/ /dwənX/
Li
Rong 		/miu/ /d͡ʑiuĕnX/ /duənX/
Wang
Li 		/mĭəu/ /d͡ʑĭuĕnX/ /duənX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/mi̯ə̯u/ /d͡ʑʰi̯uĕnX/ /dʱuənX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		móu shùn dùn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mau4 seon6 deon6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 矛 盾
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		máo dùn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mjuw › ‹ dwonX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m(r)u/ /*lˁu[n]ʔ/
English a kind of lance shield

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 矛 盾 盾
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
No. 8814 2623 2631
Phonetic
component 		矛 盾 盾
Rime
group 		幽 文 文
Rime
subdivision 		1 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		謀 囤 盾
Old
Chinese 		/*mu/ /*l'uːnʔ/ /*ɦljunʔ/

Noun

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矛盾 (idiomatic)

  1. contradiction; inconsistency; disagreement; incongruity
    加劇矛盾／加剧矛盾  ―  jiājù máodùn  ―  heightening the contradictions
  2. problem; issue; conflict
    階級矛盾／阶级矛盾  ―  jiējí máodùn  ―  class conflict
    種族矛盾／种族矛盾  ―  zhǒngzú máodùn  ―  ethnic conflict
  3. (logic, philosophy) paradox

Synonyms

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  • (problem):

Adjective

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矛盾

  1. conflicted; vacillating between two options
    他的心裡很矛盾。 [MSC, trad.]
    他的心里很矛盾。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā de xīnli hěn máodùn. [Pinyin]
    He is feeling really conflicted.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (矛盾):

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
矛 盾
む
Grade: S 		じゅん
Grade: S
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
矛楯

Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 矛盾 (MC mjuw zywinX), literally 矛 (“lance, spear”) + 盾 (“shield”). See the Chinese etymology section for the full derivation.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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矛(む)盾(じゅん) • (mujun) 

  1. a contradiction, an inconsistency, a paradox
    • 2024 February 26, 岡本あき子, quotee, “第213回国会　衆議院　予算委員会　第14号　令和6年2月26日”, in 国会会議録検索システム‎[1], 国立国会図書館:
      総理の言葉は実質負担なしという、うそ、ごまかし、矛盾だらけです。
      Sōri no kotoba wa jisshitsu futan nashi to iu, uso, gomakashi, mujun-darake desu.
      The Prime Minister's words, claiming there would be virtually no burden, are full of lies, deception, and contradictions.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Verb

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矛(む)盾(じゅん)する • (mujun suru) intransitive suru (stem 矛(む)盾(じゅん)し (mujun shi), past 矛(む)盾(じゅん)した (mujun shita))

  1. to be inconsistent, to be in contradiction, to be incompatible with
    彼(かれ)が今日(きょう)主(しゅ)張(ちょう)する内(ない)容(よう)は昨日(きのう)の行(こう)動(どう)と矛(む)盾(じゅん)している。
    Kare ga kyō shuchō suru naiyō wa kinō no kōdō to mujun shite iru.
    What he's going on about today isn't compatible with his behavior yesterday.

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "矛盾する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 矛盾し むじゅんし mujun shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 矛盾し むじゅんし mujun shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 矛盾する むじゅんする mujun suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 矛盾する むじゅんする mujun suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 矛盾すれ むじゅんすれ mujun sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 矛盾せよ¹
矛盾しろ² 		むじゅんせよ¹
むじゅんしろ² 		mujun seyo¹
mujun shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 矛盾される むじゅんされる mujun sareru
Causative 矛盾させる
矛盾さす 		むじゅんさせる
むじゅんさす 		mujun saseru
mujun sasu
Potential 矛盾できる むじゅんできる mujun dekiru
Volitional 矛盾しよう むじゅんしよう mujun shiyō
Negative 矛盾しない むじゅんしない mujun shinai
Negative continuative 矛盾せず むじゅんせず mujun sezu
Formal 矛盾します むじゅんします mujun shimasu
Perfective 矛盾した むじゅんした mujun shita
Conjunctive 矛盾して むじゅんして mujun shite
Hypothetical conditional 矛盾すれば むじゅんすれば mujun sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Antonyms

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term
矛盾

Noun

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矛盾 • (mosun) (hangeul 모순)

  1. hanja form? of 모순 (“contradiction”)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term
矛盾

Noun

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矛盾

  1. chữ Hán form of mâu thuẫn (“contradiction; conflict”)
    • 1870, Đại Nam quốc sử diễn ca (大南國史演歌), page 46b
      英㛪矛𲲝𠄩皮，乘機莫吏𢹣衛內侵。
      Anh em mâu thuẫn hai bề, thừa cơ Mạc lại kéo về nội xâm.
      The brothers fell into conflict on both sides, seizing the opportunity, the Mạc returned to invade.
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