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Chinese [ edit ]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Rime
Character
聊
以
卒
歲
Reading #
1/1
1/1
1/3
1/1
Initial (聲 )
來 (37)
以 (36)
精 (13)
心 (16)
Final (韻 )
蕭 (93)
之 (19)
諄 (52)
祭 (36)
Tone (調 )
Level (Ø)
Rising (X)
Checked (Ø)
Departing (H)
Openness (開合 )
Open
Open
Closed
Closed
Division (等 )
IV
III
III
III
Fanqie
落 蕭 切
羊 己 切
子 聿 切
相 銳 切
Baxter
lew
yiX
tswit
sjwejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang
/leu /
/jɨX /
/t͡siuɪt̚ /
/siuᴇiH /
Pan Wuyun
/leu /
/jɨX /
/t͡sʷit̚ /
/sʷiɛiH /
Shao Rongfen
/leu /
/ieX /
/t͡sjuet̚ /
/siuæiH /
Edwin Pulleyblank
/lɛw /
/jɨX /
/t͡swit̚ /
/swiajH /
Li Rong
/leu /
/iəX /
/t͡siuĕt̚ /
/siuɛiH /
Wang Li
/lieu /
/jĭəX /
/t͡sĭuĕt̚ /
/sĭwɛiH /
Bernard Karlgren
/lieu /
/iX /
/t͡si̯uĕt̚ /
/si̯wɛiH /
Expected Mandarin Reflex
liáo
yǐ
ju
suì
Expected Cantonese Reflex
liu4
ji5
zeot1
seoi3
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
聊
以
卒
歲
Reading #
1/1
1/1
1/2
1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
liáo
yǐ
zú
suì
Middle Chinese
‹ lew ›
‹ yiX ›
‹ tswit ›
‹ sjwejH ›
Old Chinese
/*[r]ˁiw/
/*ləʔ/
/*[ts]ut/
/*s-qʷʰat-s/
English
rely on
take, use
finish, die
year
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
聊
以
卒
歲
Reading #
1/1
1/1
3/3
1/2
No.
8878
14929
17964
12165
Phonetic component
卯
以
卒
歲
Rime group
幽
之
物
祭
Rime subdivision
2
0
2
1
Corresponding MC rime
聊
以
卒
Old Chinese
/*m·rɯːw/
/*lɯʔ/
/*ʔsud/
/*sqʰʷads/
Notes
裘 錫 圭 康 殷 皆 雲 金 文 象 衣 加 劃 表 衣 縫 製 完 結
甲 金 文 戉 分 化 字 ,說 文 戌 聲 非
聊以卒歲
( literary ) to live leisurely and carefree
( literary ) to tide over the year ; to scrape a living
不足 部分 ,可以 種 雜糧 、撈 魚蝦 、飼 雞 豕 ,或 出賣 一部分 勞動力 ,勉強 維持 生活 ,於 艱難竭蹶 之中 ,存 聊以卒歲 之 想 。 [MSC , trad. ] 不足 部分 ,可以 种 杂粮 、捞 鱼虾 、饲 鸡 豕 ,或 出卖 一部分 劳动力 ,勉强 维持 生活 ,于 艰难竭蹶 之中 ,存 聊以卒岁 之 想 。 [MSC , simp. ] From: 1925 , 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong ), 《中國社會各階級的分析》 (Analysis of the Classes in Chinese Society), 《毛澤東選集 》 . English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition Bùzú bùfen, kěyǐ zhòng záliáng, lāo yúxiā, sì jī shǐ, huò chūmài yībùfen láodònglì, miǎnqiǎng wéichí shēnghuó, yú jiānnánjiéjué zhī zhōng, cún liáoyǐzúsuì zhī xiǎng. [Pinyin] To make up their deficit they cultivate side crops, catch fish or shrimps, raise poultry or pigs, or sell part of their labour power, and thus eke out a living, hoping in the midst of hardship and destitution to tide over the year .