誠

See also: 诚

誠 U+2F9CF, 誠 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9CF ← 䛇 [U+2F9CE] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 諭 → [U+2F9D0]

Translingual

Han character

誠 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜口戈竹尸 (YRIHS), four-corner 0365₀, composition ⿰言成)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1163, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35497
• Dae Jaweon: page 1628, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3963, character 5
• Unihan data for U+8AA0

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Chinese

trad.		誠
simp.		诚

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 誠
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (成) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
成	*djeŋ
城	*djeŋ
誠	*djeŋ
宬	*djeŋ
郕	*djeŋ
筬	*djeŋ
盛	*djeŋ, *djeŋs
珹	*djeŋ
晟	*djeŋs
墭	*djeŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djeŋ) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 成 (OC *djeŋ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chéng (cheng²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n
• Northern Min (KCR): chěng
• Eastern Min (BUC): sìng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiâⁿ / sêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻêng²
    • Yale: chéng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
    • Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sing⁴
    • Yale: sìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: xing⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
    • Hakka Romanization System: siinˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sin²
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chěng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰeiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâⁿ / sêng
    • Tâi-lô: tsiânn / sîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cviaa, seeng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siã²⁴/, /siɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siã²⁴/, /siɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siã¹³/, /siɪŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siã²⁴/, /siɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siã²³/, /siɪŋ²³/

Note:

• chiâⁿ - vernacular;
• sêng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: sêng⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: dzyeng

Rime
Character	誠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	是征切
Baxter	dzyeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑiæŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiajŋ/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛŋ/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chéng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]eŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djeŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	誠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chéng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyeng ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]eŋ/
English	sincere
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	誠
Reading #	1/1
No.	1419
Phonetic component	成
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	成
Old Chinese	/*djeŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 誠

1. sincere, honest
2. true, real
3. (Southern Min) very

Synonyms

• (very):

Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		甚, 孔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		很, 非常, 十分
Mandarin	Beijing	挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
	Taiwan	很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級
	Tianjin	挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
	Jinan	挺, 楞
	Xi'an	很
	Wuhan	蠻, 很
	Chengdu	很, 好
	Chongqing	很
	Yangzhou	蠻, 稀, 很
	Hefei	很
	Malaysia	很
	Singapore	很, 蠻, 非常
Cantonese	Guangzhou	好, 非常之
	Hong Kong	好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	好
	Taishan	好, 十分之
	Yangjiang	好
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	好
	Singapore (Guangfu)	好, 非常之, 非常
Gan	Nanchang	蠻
Hakka	Meixian	好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation
	Huidong (Daling)	好
	Wuhua (Meilin)	好
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	頂
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	好
	Changting	野
	Wuping (Pingyu)	已, 刮
	Liancheng	樣
	Ninghua	好
	Ruijin	蠻
	Shicheng	蠻
	Shangyou (Shexi)	蠻
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	當, 已, 還
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	蓋, 盡, 還
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	當, 盡, 已, 還
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	當, 已, 還
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	當, 已, 還
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	足, 真, 實在
	Hong Kong	好
	Sabah (Bao'an)	好
	Kuching (Hepo)	很
	Singapore (Dabu)	好
Jin	Taiyuan	很, 挺
Northern Min	Jian'ou	盡
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	野, 真
	Singapore (Fuqing)	真
	Sitiawan (Gutian)	真
Southern Min	Xiamen	真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正, 設汰
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	真
	Quanzhou	真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 設汰
	Jinjiang	野
	Zhangzhou	盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人, 設汰, 設汰仔
	Zhao'an	很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
	Dongshan	真, 非常
	Taipei	真, 誠
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	真, 誠
	Kaohsiung	有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
	Yilan	有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
	Changhua (Lukang)	真, 誠
	Taichung	誠, 蓋, 足
	Tainan	有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
	Hsinchu	真, 誠
	Kinmen	足, 誠
	Penghu (Magong)	真, 誠
	Penang (Hokkien)	真, 誠, 真正
	Singapore (Hokkien)	真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
	Manila (Hokkien)	野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠
	Chaozhou	過, 好, 非常, 死爸
	Shantou	過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
	Shantou (Chenghai)	好, 死絕
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	好, 非常
	Jieyang	過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
	Bangkok (Teochew)	好
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	好
	Singapore (Teochew)	真, 死爸, 非常
	Wenchang	極, 但顧, 真
	Haikou	但顧
	Qionghai	但顧, 真
	Singapore (Hainanese)	但顧, 真
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	好, 蠻
Wu	Shanghai	蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
	Suzhou	蠻, 窮
	Hangzhou	蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒
	Ningbo	交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
	Zhoushan	交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
	Wenzhou	蠻, 蒙, 顯
Xiang	Changsha	很, 蠻
	Shuangfeng	蠻

References

• “Entry #10084”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

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Japanese

Kanji

誠

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: じょう (jō)^{←じやう (zyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
• Kun: まこと (makoto, 誠, Jōyō)
• Nanori: きよ (kiyo); さと (sato); しげ (shige); とも (tomo); のぶ (nobu); まさ (masa)

Compounds

Compounds

• 誠(せい)意(い) (seī)
• 誠(せい)実(じつ) (seijitsu)
• 誠(せい)心(しん) (seishin)
• 赤(せき)誠(せい) (sekisei): sincerity

Kanji in this term
誠
まこと Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Noun

誠(まこと) • (makoto) 

1. sincerity

Proper noun

誠(まこと) • (Makoto) 

1. a male given name

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Korean

Hanja

誠 • (seong) (hangeul 성, revised seong, McCune–Reischauer sŏng, Yale seng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 誠 (thành, thiêng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.