未

See also: 木, 夫, 末, 禾, and 耒

未 U+672A, 未 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-672A ← 朩 [U+6729] CJK Unified Ideographs 末 → [U+672B]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

未 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 十木 (JD), four-corner 5090₀, composition ⿻一木)

Derived characters

• 朱, 耒, 来, 佅, 味, 妹, 怽, 抺, 沬, 昧, 㭑, 𪸙, 祙, 𤽜, 眛, 𥞊, 𧙕, 跊, 魅, 鮇 (𱇛), 䵢
• 𣭐, 䙿, 𣚺, 㖝, 𣠖, 𣠕, 苿, 𠃥, 𠩺, 㲠, 㹈, 寐, 𥧌, 膥

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 509, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14419
• Dae Jaweon: page 890, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1150, character 1
• Unihan data for U+672A

---

Chinese

simp. and trad.		未

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 未
Shang		Western Zhou		Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (未) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
寐	*mids
魅	*mrɯds
鬽	*mrɯds
昧	*mɯːds
妹	*mɯːds
眛	*maːds, *mɯːds
沬	*maːds, *hmɯːds, *mɯds
未	*mɯds
味	*mɯds
鮇	*mɯds
菋	*mɯds

Pictogram (象形) – a tree with two layers of branches, or a tree's top branches not yet at full growth, signifying not grown (yet)

Etymology

"not yet"

Pulleyblank (1995), apud Schuessler (2007), proposes that this word results from a fusion of negative root *m- with perfective particle 既 (jì, “already”).

"eighth earthly branch"

Smith (2011) proposes that 未 (OC *mɯds) denoted the waxing moon's "impending stage" before full moon. 未 (OC *mɯds)'s early sense might be "tip" > "on the tipping point" if it could be connected to 末 (OC *maːd, “tip”), which is similar graphically and phonologically; though what morphological mechanism which can associate them two is unclear.

As for its association with the goat, Ferlus (2013) notes there is good correspondence with Austronesian Atayal miːts (“lamb”); also compare Lao ມົດ (mot, “year of the lamb”).

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 未

1. to have not; not yet

   未來／未来  ―  wèilái  ―  future [lit. have not come]

   我未睇本書。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   我未睇本书。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   ngo⁵ mei⁶ tai² bun² syu¹. [Jyutping]

   I have not read the book.

2. not
3. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 味 (wèi).
4. (Cantonese, Min) used at the end of questions to ask if one has done something yet

   食飽未？／食饱未？ [Cantonese]  ―  sik⁶ baau² mei⁶? [Jyutping]  ―  Are you full yet?

   你買咗未先？ [Cantonese, trad.]
   你买咗未先？ [Cantonese, simp.]

   nei⁵ maai⁵ zo² mei⁶ sin¹? [Jyutping]

   First off, have you even bought it yet?

5. eighth of twelve earthly branches
6. lamb (羊) of Chinese zodiac

Synonyms

• (not yet): 還沒／还没 (háiméi), 仍未 (réngwèi); (literary) 尚未 (shàngwèi); (Cantonese) 仲未, 並未／并未 (bìngwèi); (Hakka) 吂曾, 吂識／吂识; (Min Nan) 猶未／犹未; (Wu) 朆
• (not):

Dialectal synonyms of 不 (“not”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		不, 弗, 毋, 勿, 莫, 否, 未
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		不
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	不
	Taiwan	不
	Langfang	不
	Chengde	不
	Chifeng	不
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	不
	Heihe	不
	Nenjiang	不
	Mohe	不
	Qiqihar	不
	Tailai	不
	Jiyan	不
	Lanxi	不
	Boli	不
	Jiayin	不
	Muling	不
	Dongning	不
	Ning'an	不
	Linkou	不
	Zhaozhou	不
	Zhaodong	不
	Mishan	不
	Harbin	不
	Shangzhi	不
	Jiamusi	不
	Tongjiang	不
	Baicheng	不
	Changchun	不
	Tonghua	不
	Shenyang	不
	Jinzhou	不
	Jingzhou (Shashi)	不
	Malaysia	不
	Singapore	不
	Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)	不
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	不
	Tangshan	不
	Cangzhou	不
	Baoding	不
	Dingxing	不
	Shijiazhuang	不
	Lijin	不
	Wudi	不
	Weifang (Weicheng)	不
	Jinan	不
	Jinan (Zhangqiu)	不
	Dezhou	不
	Tai'an	不
	Xintai	不
	Zichuan	不
	Boshan	不
	Yinan	不
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	不
	Dandong	不
	Yantai	不
	Yantai (Muping)	不
	Laizhou	不
	Weihai	不
	Rongcheng	不
	Qingdao	不
	Zhucheng	不
	Yishui	不
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	不
	Lingbao	不
	Ningyang	不
	Daming	不
	Yuncheng	不
	Wanrong	不
	Linfen	不
	Hongtong	不
	Shangqiu	不
	Yuanyang	不
	Zhengzhou	不
	Xinyang	不
	Shangluo	不
	Luonan	不
	Danfeng	不
	Shangnan	不
	Shanyang	不
	Zhen'an	不
	Ankang	不
	Baihe	不
	Pingli	不
	Xunyang	不
	Lueyang	不
	Mianxian	不
	Yangxian	不
	Xi'an	不
	Xi'an (Baqiao)	不
	Xi'an (Yanliang)	不
	Xi'an (Lintong)	不
	Xi'an (Chang'an)	不
	Xi'an (Huyi)	不
	Xi'an (Gaoling)	不
	Zhouzhi	不
	Lantian	不
	Xianyang	不
	Xingping	不
	Wugong	不
	Qianxian	不
	Liquan	不
	Jingyang	不
	Sanyuan	不
	Yongshou	不
	Changwu	不
	Tongchuan (Wangyi)	不
	Tongchuan (Yaozhou)	不
	Yijun	不
	Weinan	不
	Weinan (Huazhou)	不
	Hancheng	不
	Huayin	不
	Tongguan	不
	Dali	不
	Heyang	不
	Chengcheng	不
	Baishui	不
	Pucheng	不
	Fuping	不
	Huanglong	不
	Yichuan	不
	Huangling	不
	Luochuan	不
	Fuxian	不
	Dingbian	不
	Baoji	不
Baoji (Chencang)	不
Fengchang	不
Qishan	不
Fufeng	不
Meixian	不
Taibai	不
Fengxian	不
Qianyang	不
Longxian	不
Linyou	不
Tianshui	不
Xining	不
Xuzhou	不
Pizhou	不
Suqian	不
Lianyungang (Ganyu)	不
Donghai	不
Fuyang	不
Bengbu	不
Suzhou, Anhui	不
Huaibei	不
Guangde (Qiuzhuang)	不
Qimen (Anling Junhua)	不
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	不
	Lanzhou	不
	Jiuquan	不
	Dunhuang	不
	Shandan	不
	Hami	不
	Ürümqi	不
	Jimsar	不
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	不
	Chengdu (Xindu)	不
	Chengdu (Xinfan, Xindu)	不
	Chengdu (Huayang, Shuangliu)	不
	Chengdu (Pidu)	不
	Chengdu (Wenjiang)	不
	Chengdu (Shuangliu)	不
	Chengdu (Xinjin)	不
	Jintang	不
	Pengzhou	不
	Dujiangyan	不
	Chongzhou	不
	Dayi	不
	Pujiang	不
	Qionglai	不
	Jianyang	不
	Xiaojin	不
	Jinchuan	不
	Songpan	不
	Maoxian	不
	Lixian	不
	Wenchuan	不
	Deyang	不
	Deyang (Luojiang)	不
	Mianzhu	不
	Shifang	不
	Guanghan	不
	Zhongjiang	不
	Ziyang	不
	Anyue	沒有
	Lezhi	不
	Mianyang	不
	Mianyang (Anzhou)	不
	Zitong	不
	Jiangyou	不
	Jiangyou (Zhangming)	沒
	Pingwu	不
	Beichuan	不
	Yanting	不
	Santai	不
	Guangyuan	不
	Guangyuan (Zhaohua)	不
	Cangxi	不
	Jiange	不
	Meishan	沒
	Pengshan	不
	Danling	不
	Hongya	不
	Qingshen	不
	Renshou	不
	Luzhou (Naxi)	不
	Luxian	不
	Xuyong	沒有
	Gulin	不
	Hejiang	不
	Yibin	不
	Yibin (Nanxi)	不
	Pingshan	不
	Gaoxian	不
	Changning	不
	Gongxian	不
	Xingwen (Gusong)	不
	Xingwen (Bowangshan)	不
	Jiang'an	不
Junlian	不
Leshan	不
Jiajiang	不
Emeishan	不
Ebian	不
Qianwei	不
Mabian	不
Jingyan	不
Neijiang	沒有
Zizhong	不
Weiyuan	不
Longchang	不
Suining	不
Pengxi	不
Shehong	不
Guang'an	不
Yuechi	不
Wusheng	不
Linshui	不
Nanchong	不
Nanbu	不
Langzhong	不
Yilong	不
Yingshan	不
Peng'an	不
Dazhou	不
Dazhu	不
Kaijiang	不
Wanyuan	不
Xuanhan	沒
Bazhong	不
Tongjiang	不
Nanjiang	不
Hanyuan	不
Xichang	不
Zigong	不
Fushun	不
Rongxian	不
Leibo	不
Chongqing	不
Chongqing (Nanchuan)	不
Chongqing (Dazu)	不
Chongqing (Rongchang)	不
Chongqing (Yongchuan)	不
Chongqing (Bishan)	沒
Chongqing (Tongliang)	沒有
Chongqing (Tongnan)	不
Chongqing (Hechuan)	不
Chongqing (Changshou)	不
Chongqing (Fuling)	不
Chongqing (Jiangjin)	不
Chongqing (Wanzhou)	不
Chongqing (Shizhu)	不
Chongqing (Kaizhou)	不
Chongqing (Chengkou)	不
Chongqing (Dianjiang)	不
Chongqing (Liangping)	不
Chongqing (Fengdu)	不
Chongqing (Zhongxian)	不
Chongqing (Qianjiang)	不
Chongqing (Pengshui)	不
Chongqing (Youyang)	不
Chongqing (Xiushan)	不
Chongqing (Yunyang)	不
Chongqing (Wuxi)	不
Chongqing (Fengjie)	不
Chongqing (Wushan)	不
Wuhan	冇
Wuhan (Jiangxia)	冇
Wuhan (Caidian)	冇
Wuhan (Xinzhou)	冇
Wuhan (Huangpi)	冇
Hanchuan	冇
Suizhou	不
Suixian	不
Yichang	不
Dangyang	不
Zhijiang	不
Yidu	不
Changyang	不, 沒
Xingshan	不
Zigui	不
Wufeng	不
Enshi	不
Hefeng	不
Badong	不
Xuan'en	沒
Laifeng	不
Lichuan	沒
Jianshi	不
Xianfeng	不
Xiangyang	不
Laohekou	不
Baokang	不
Nanzhang	不
Zaoyang	不
Yicheng	不
Gucheng	不
Jingzhou	不
Jiangling	不
Shishou	不
Gong'an	不
Songzi	沒有
Jingmen	不
Zhongchang	不
Jingshan	不
Tianmen	不
Xiantao	不
Qianjiang	不
Shennongjia	不
Shiyan	不
Zhuxi	冒
Zhushan	不
Yunxi	沒
Yunyang	不
Danjiangkou	不
Fangxian	不
Lhasa	不
Guiyang	不
Zunyi	不
Bijie	不
Zhaotong	不
Baoshan, Yunnan	不
Dali	不
Kunming	不
Qujing	不
Wenshan	不
Mengzi	不
Pu'er	不
Lincang	不
Guilin	不
Liuzhou	沒, 不
Jishou	沒
Changde	不
Zhangjiajie	不
Yongzhou	不
Huitong	不
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)	不
Ganzhou	不
Shiquan	不
Ziyang	不
Ningshan	不
Langao	不
Zhenping	不
Hanzhong	不
Hanzhong (Nanzheng)	不
Ningqiang	不
Liuba	不
Chenggu	不
Foping	不
Xixiang	不
Zhenba	不
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	不
	Nanjing (Pukou)	不
	Nanjing (Luhe)	不
	Nanjing (Lishui)	不
	Yangzhou	不
	Yangzhou (Jiangdu)	不
	Baoying	不
	Gaoyou	不
	Yizheng	不
	Taizhou	不
	Taixing	不
	Taizhou (Jiangyan)	不
	Jingjiang (Dongxing)	不
	Zhenjiang	不
	Jurong	不
	Yangzhong	不
	Lianyungang	不
	Lianyungang (Haizhou)	不
	Guanyun	不
	Guannan	不
	Huai'an	不
	Huai'an (Huai'an District)	不
	Huai'an (Huaiyin)	不
	Huai'an (Hongze)	不
	Lianshui	不
	Xuyi	不
	Jinhu	不
	Xinghua	不
	Nantong	不
	Rugao	不
	Rudong	不
	Hai'an	不
	Yancheng	不
	Dongtai	不
	Binhai	不
	Sheyang	不
	Yancheng (Dafeng)	不
	Funing	不
	Jianhu	不
	Xiangshui	不
	Shuyang	不
	Sihong	不
	Siyang	不
	Anqing	不
	Tongcheng	不
	Zongyang	不
	Chizhou	不
	Qingyang	不
	Wuhu	不
	Wuhu (Wanzhi)	不
	Wuhu (Jinghu)	不
	Wuhu (Fanchang)	不
	Wuwei	不
	Hanshan	不
	Hexian	不
	Ma'anshan	不
	Dangtu	不
	Xuancheng	不
	Hefei	不
	Feidong	不
	Feixi	不
	Chaohu	不
	Lujiang	不
	Changfeng	不
Huainan	不
Lu'an	不
Lu'an (Qingshuihe, Jin'an)	不
Shucheng	不
Huoshan	不
Chuzhou	不
Lai'an	不
Quanjiao	不
Mingguang	不
Tianchang	不
Ezhou (Echeng)	不
Huangshi	不
Huanggang	不
Hong'an	不
Macheng	不
Luotian	不
Yingshan	不
Xishui	不
Huangmei	不
Wuxue	不
Qichun	不
Xiaogan	不
Anlu	不
Yingcheng	不
Yunmeng	不
Dawu	不
Guangshui	不
Zhashui	不
Jiujiang	不
Ruichang	不
Mandarin	Ningguo (Gangkou)	不
	Langxi	不
Cantonese	Guangzhou	唔
	Hong Kong	唔
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	唔
	Macau	唔
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	唔
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	唔
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	唔
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	唔
	Foshan	唔
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	唔
	Foshan (Shunde)	唔
	Foshan (Sanshui)	唔
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	唔
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	唔
	Zhongshan (Chongkoumen, Nanlang; Tanka)	唔
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	唔
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	唔
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	唔
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	唔
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	唔
	Taishan	唔
	Kaiping (Chikan)	唔
	Enping (Niujiang)	唔
	Heshan (Yayao)	唔
	Dongguan	唔
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	唔
	Qingyuan	唔
	Fogang	唔
	Yingde (Hanguang)	唔
	Yangshan	唔
	Lianshan (Butian)	冇
	Lianshan (Yonghe)	唔
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	冇
	Shaoguan	唔
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	唔
	Renhua	唔
	Lechang	唔
	Yunfu	唔
	Yangjiang	冇
	Yangjiang (Yangdong)	冇
	Yangdong (Yashao)	冇
	Yangxi	冇
	Xinyi	冇
	Maoming (Xinpo)	冇
	Maoming (Yangjiao)	冇
	Gaozhou	冇
	Zhanjiang	冇
	Lianjiang	冇
	Wuchuan (Wuyang)	冇
	Nanning	冇
	Wuzhou	冇
	Cangwu (Liubao)	冇
	Yulin	冇
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	冇
	Hepu (Shatian)	冇
	Guiping (Madong)	冇
	Beihai	冇
	Beihai (Nankang)	冇
	Beihai (Yingpan)	冇
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	冇
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	冇
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	冇
	Chongzuo (Laituan)	冇
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	唔
Singapore (Guangfu)	唔
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	唔
Móng Cái	冇
Gan	Nanchang	不
	Nanchang (Wangcheng)	冒
	Anyi	不
	Hukou	不
	Lushan	不
	Yongxiu	不
	Xiushui	不
	Pengze	不
	Duchang	不
	Wuning (Quankou)	不
	Poyang	不
	Yugan	不
	Wannian	冒
	Yiyang, Jiangxi	不
	Hengfeng	莫
	Leping	不
	Yichun	冇
	Yifeng	不
	Gao'an	唔
	Fengxin	不
	Shanggao	唔
	Wanzai	唔
	Fengcheng	不
	Xinyu	不
	Fuzhou	不
	Fuzhou (Dongxiang)	不, 唔
	Nancheng	不
	Nanfeng	不
	Yihuang	不
	Lichuan	不
	Chongren	冒
	Pingxiang	冒
	Lianhua	不, 唔
	Ji'an	不
	Jishui (Luotian)	不
	Yongfeng	不
	Taihe	唔
	Xiajiang	冒
	Yongxin	唔
	Yingtan (Yujiang)	不
	Guixi	沒
	Susong	不
	Susong (Heta)	不
	Wangjiang	不
	Qianshan	不
	Huaining	不
	Dongzhi	不
	Shitai	不
	Yangxin	不
	Daye	不
	Xianning	不
	Xianning (Maqiao)	不
	Jiayu	不
	Chongyang	不
	Chibi	冒
	Tongshan	不
	Jianli	不
	Yueyang	不
	Pingjiang (Xijiang)	不
	Liuyang	不
	Liling (Baitutan)	不
	Youxian	不
	Chaling	唔
	Leiyang	唔
Jianning	唔
Jinxian	不
Jinxi	冒
Le'an	冒
Guangchang	冒
Anfu	冒
Suichuan	唔
Wan'an	唔
Jing'an	沒
Zhangshu	冒
Xingan	冒
Fenyi	冒
Hakka	Meixian	唔
	Xingning	唔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	唔
	Huidong (Daling)	唔
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	唔
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	唔
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	唔
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	唔
	Wengyuan	唔
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	唔
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	唔
	Liannan	唔
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	唔
	Jiexi	唔
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	唔
	Changting	唔
	Shanghang	唔
	Wuping	唔
	Wuping (Pingyu)	唔
	Liancheng	唔
	Ninghua	唔, 不
	Qingliu	唔
	Yudu	唔
	Ningdu	唔
	Ruijin	唔
	Shicheng	唔
	Shangyou (Shexi)	晤
	Tonggu (Sandu)	唔
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	唔
	Ganzhou (Nankang)	唔
	Dayu	唔
	Quannan	唔
	Dingnan	唔
	Longnan	唔
	Xunwu	冒
	Anyuan	唔
	Huichang	冒
	Chongyi	唔
	Xingguo	莫
	Yunhe (Jinshuitan)	唔
	Tonggu	唔
	Fengxin (Zaoxi)	唔
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	唔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	唔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	唔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	唔
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	唔
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	唔
	Hong Kong	唔
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	無
	Mengshan (Xihe)	冒
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	冇
Huizhou	Jixi	不
	Shexian	不
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	不
	Huangshan (Huizhou)	不
	Wuyuan	沒
	Fuliang	不
	Dexing	不
	Chun'an (Qiandaohu)	不
	Jiande (Meicheng)	弗
	Jiande (Shouchang)	勿
Jin	Taiyuan	不
	Jinzhong (Taigu)	不
	Pingyao	不
	Heshun	不
	Qixian	不
	Yangyuan	不
	Datong	不
	Guangling	不
	Suozhou (Pinglu)	不
	Xinzhou	不
	Wuzhai	不
	Lüliang (Lishi)	不
	Shilou	不
	Linxian	不
	Wenshui	不
	Xixian	不
	Changzhi	不
	Changzhi (Tunliu)	不
	Linhe	不
	Zhangzi	不
	Qinxian	不
	Lingchuan	不
	Jining	不
	Hohhot	不
	Erenhot	不
	Pingshan	不
	Zhangjiakou	不
	Handan	不
	Linzhou	不
	Suide	不
	Zizhou	不
	Mizhi	不
	Jiaxian	不
	Wubu	不
	Shenmu	不
	Fugu	不
	Yulin	不
	Yulin (Hengshan)	不
	Jingbian	不
	Yan'an	不
	Yan'an (Ansai)	不
	Ganquan	不
	Zhidan	不
	Wuqi	不
	Qingjian	不
	Zichang	不
	Yanchuan	不
	Yanchang	不
Jiuxing Yumin	Lanxi	弗
Northern Min	Jian'ou	伓, 𣍐
	Songxi	唔, 𣍐
	Zhenghe	唔, 𣍐
	Pucheng (Shibei)	伓, 𣍐
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	伓, 𣍐
	Fuzhou (Changle)	伓, 𣍐
	Lianjiang	伓, 𣍐
	Fuqing	伓, 𣍐
	Pingtan	伓, 𣍐
	Yongtai	伓, 𣍐
	Minqing	伓, 𣍐
	Gutian	伓, 𣍐
	Pingnan	伓, 𣍐
	Luoyuan	伓, 𣍐
	Fu'an	伓, 𣍐
	Ningde	伓, 𣍐
	Xiapu	伓, 𣍐
	Zherong	伓, 𣍐
	Shouning	伓, 𣍐
	Zhouning	伓, 𣍐
	Fuding	伓, 𣍐
	Matsu	伓, 𣍐
	Taishun	伓
	Cangnan	冇, 無
	Cixi (Guanhaiwei)	伓
Southern Min	Xiamen	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Quanzhou	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Jinjiang	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Nan'an	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Shishi	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Hui'an	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Anxi	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Yongchun	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Dehua	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Zhangzhou	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Hua'an	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Nanjing	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Pinghe	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Zhangpu	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Yunxiao	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Zhao'an	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Dongshan	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Taipei	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Kaohsiung	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Tainan	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Kinmen	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Penang (Hokkien)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Singapore (Hokkien)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Manila (Hokkien)	毋, 𣍐, 無
	Datian	毋, 𣍐
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	毋
	Cangnan	毋
	Langxi (Feili)	毋
	Chaozhou	唔, 𣍐, 無
	Shantou	唔, 𣍐, 無
	Jieyang	唔
	Haifeng	唔
	Singapore (Teochew)	唔, 𣍐, 無
	Batam (Teochew)	唔, 𣍐, 無
	Pontianak (Teochew)	唔
	Leizhou	伓
	Maoming (Xiadong, Dianbai)	無
	Wenchang	無
	Haikou	無
	Singapore (Hainanese)	無
Puxian Min	Putian	伓, 𣍐
	Xianyou	伓, 𣍐
Central Min	Yong'an	伓, 𣍐
	Sanming (Shaxian)	伓, 𣍐
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	冒, 唔
	Guangze	唔
	Jiangle	唔
	Mingxi	唔
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	唔
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	冇
	Binyang	冇
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	不
Shehua	Fu'an	唔, 𣍐
	Fuding	唔, 𣍐
	Luoyuan	唔, 𣍐
	Sanming	唔, 𣍐
	Shunchang	唔, 𣍐
	Hua'an	唔, 𣍐
	Jingning (Hexi)	嘸
	Jingning (Zhengkeng)	嘸
Wu	Shanghai	勿
	Shanghai (Yangpu)	勿
	Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang)	勿
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	勿
	Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong)	勿, 弗
	Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong)	勿
	Shanghai (Huinan, Pudong)	勿
	Shanghai (Fengxian)	勿
	Shanghai (Jinshan)	勿
	Shanghai (Qingpu)	勿
	Shanghai (Jiading)	勿
	Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan)	勿
	Shanghai (Yuepu, Baoshan)	勿
	Shanghai (Chongming)	弗, 勿
	Suzhou	弗
	Suzhou (Xishan, Wuzhong)	弗
	Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang)	弗
	Wuxi	弗
	Changshu	弗
	Kunshan	弗
	Zhangjiagang	弗
	Qidong	弗
	Qidong (Lüsi)	不
	Nantong (Haimen)	弗
	Haimen (Sijia)	不
	Rudong	弗
	Jiaxing	弗
	Jiashan	弗
	Pinghu	弗
	Haining (Xiashi)	弗
	Tongxiang	弗
	Haiyan	弗
	Changzhou	弗
	Liyang	弗
	Changzhou (Jintan)	弗
	Yixing	勿
	Danyang	弗
	Jingjiang	不
	Jiangyin	弗
	Nanjing (Gaochun)	不
	Huzhou	弗
	Changxing	弗
	Anji	弗
	Anji (Xiaofeng)	弗
	Deqing	弗
	Hangzhou	不
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	弗
	Hangzhou (Lin'an)	弗
	Hangzhou (Changfa, Lin'an)	不
	Hangzhou (Yuqian, Lin'an)	不
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	弗
	Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)	弗
	Tonglu	勿
	Tonglu (Wusheng)	不
	Shaoxing	勿
	Shaoxing (Keqiao)	勿
	Shaoxing (Shangyu)	勿
	Zhuji	弗
	Shengzhou	弗
	Xinchang	弗
	Ningbo	勿, 嘸沒
	Ningbo (Zhenhai)	弗
	Ningbo (Fenghua)	弗
	Ningbo (Beilun)	勿
Ningbo (Yinzhou)	弗
Yuyao	勿
Cixi	弗
Xiangshan	弗
Ninghai	弗
Zhoushan	弗
Zhoushan (Dinghai)	弗
Daishan	弗
Shengsi	勿
Taizhou (Huangyan)	弗
Tiantai	弗, 勿
Xianju	弗
Sanmen	弗
Linhai	弗
Wenling	弗
Yuhuan	弗
Wenzhou	否
Yueqing	否
Yongjia	否
Rui'an	否
Pingyang	否
Taishun	否
Wencheng	否
Lishui	否
Qingtian	否
Jinyun	弗
Wuyi (Liucheng)	弗
Songyang (Xiping)	弗
Yunhe	否
Jingning	否
Qingyuan	否
Longquan	否
Quzhou	弗
Quzhou (Duze, Qujiang)	弗
Suichang	否
Jiangshan	弗
Changshan	弗
Kaihua	弗
Longyou	弗
Jinhua	弗
Jinhua (Tangxi)	弗
Yiwu	弗
Yongkang	弗
Pujiang	弗
Dongyang	弗
Wuyi	弗
Lanxi	弗
Shangrao	嘸
Shangrao (Guangfeng)	唔
Tongling (Xihu & Shun'an)	不
Nanling	不
Tongling (Yi'an)	不
Huangshan	不
Jingxian	不
Jingxian (Zhaji)	不
Pucheng	嘸
Xiang	Changsha	不, 唔
	Yiyang, Hunan	不
	Xiangtan	不
	Xiangxiang	不
	Loudi	不
	Shuangfeng	不
	Xinhua	唔
	Lianyuan	不
	Shaoyang	唔, 莫
	Wugang	不, 冇
	Hengyang	不
	Hengshan	不
	Qiyang	不
	Quanzhou	不
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	沒
	Dong'an	不
Yuebei Tuhua	Shaoguan (Dacun, Baitu, Qujiang)	唔
	Shaoguan (Xiangyang, Xihe, Wujiang)	唔
	Shaoguan (Shibei, Xinshao, Zhenjiang)	唔
	Renhua (Zhoutian)	唔
	Renhua (Shitang)	不, 唔
	Ruyuan (Songwei, Guitou)	唔

Coordinate terms

• Template:list:earthly branches/zh

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (未):

• → Japanese: 未(み) (mi); 未(び) (bi)
• → Korean: 미(未) (mi)
• → Vietnamese: vị (未)

Others:

• → Vietnamese: Mùi

Further reading

• “Entry #1663”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

未

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: み (mi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: び (bi)
• Kun: いまだ (imada, 未だ)、まだ (mada, 未だ)、ひつじ (hitsuji, 未)

Compounds

• 未(み)開(かい) (mikai, “uncivilized”)
• 未(み)完(かん) (mikan, “unfinished”)
• 未(み)婚(こん) (mikon, “unmarried”)
• 未(み)熟(じゅく) (mijuku, “immature; inexperienced”)
• 未(み)遂(すい) (misui, “attempt”, at a crime)
• 未(み)成(せい)年(ねん) (miseinen, “minor”)
• 未(み)然(ぜん) (mizen, “previously”)
• 未(み)然(ぜん)形(けい) (mizenkei, “imperfective form”)
• 未(み)曾(ぞう)有(う) (mizōu), 未(み)曾(ぞ)有(う) (mizou, “unprecedented”)
• 未(み)知(ち) (michi, “strange”)
• 未(み)知(ち)数(すう) (michisū, “unknown, variable”, in mathematics)
• 未(み)定(てい) (mitei, “undecided”)
• 未(み)踏(とう) (mitō, “unexplored”)
• 未(み)納(のう) (minō, “payment default”)
• 未(み)必(ひつ)の故(こ)意(い) (mihitsu no koi, “willful negligence”)
• 未(み)亡(ぼう)人(じん) (mibōjin, “widow”)
• 未(み)満(まん) (miman, “insufficient”)
• 未(み)来(らい) (mirai, “future”)
• 未(み)了(りょう) (miryō, “unfinished”)

 

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
未
ひつじ Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From 羊 (hitsuji, “sheep”).

Pronunciation

• Homophone: 羊

Proper noun

未(ひつじ) • (Hitsuji) 

1. the Sheep, the eighth of the twelve Earthly Branches

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
未
み Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 未 (mjɨj^H).

Prefix

未(み) • (mi-) 

1. un-; in- (not yet)

Proper noun

未(み) • (Mi) 

1. the Sheep, the eighth of the twelve Earthly Branches

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 未 (MC mj+jH).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 밍〮 (Yale: mí) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Early Modern Korean 미 (Yale: mi) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

Pronunciation

• (in 미안 (未安, mian)):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [mi]
  • Phonetic hangul: [미]
• (not; un-; etc.):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [mi(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [미(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

未 (eumhun 아닐 미 (anil mi))

1. hanja form^? of 미 (“not; un-; in- (not yet)”)
2. hanja form^? of 미 (“to have not; not yet”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 미흡 (未洽, miheup)
• 미래 (未來, mirae)
• 미만 (未滿, miman)
• 미숙 (未熟, misuk)
• 미결 (未決, migyeol)
• 미진 (未盡, mijin)
• 미완 (未完, miwan)
• 미개 (未開, migae)
• 미상 (未詳, misang)
• 미달 (未達, midal)
• 미련 (未練, miryeon)
• 미연 (未然, miyeon)
• 미비 (未備, mibi)
• 미지 (未知, miji)
• 미안 (未完, mian)
• 미혼 (未婚, mihon)
• 미정 (未定, mijeong)
• 미문 (未聞, mimun)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Vietnamese

Han character

未: Hán Nôm readings: mùi, vị

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.