伐

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See also: 代
伐 U+4F10, 伐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F10
← 伏
[U+4F0F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 休 →
[U+4F11]

Translingual

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Stroke order
0 strokes
Stroke order (Taiwan)
0 strokes

Han character

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伐 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人戈 (OI), four-corner 23250, composition ⿰亻戈)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 96, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 439
  • Dae Jaweon: page 203, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 120, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+4F10

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 伐
alternative forms 𪜁 ancient

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 伐
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j19039
j19040
j19041
j19042
j19043
j19044
j19045
j19046
j19047
j19048
j19049
j19050
j19051
j19052
j19053
j19054
j19055
j19056
j19057
j19058
j19059
j19060
j19061
j19062
j19063
j19064
j19065
j19066
j19067
j19068
j19069
j19070
j19071
j19072
j19073
j19074
j19075
j19076
j19077
j19078
j19079
j19080
j19081
j19082
j19083
j19084
j19085
j19086
j19087
j19088
j19089
j19090
j19091
j19092
j19093
j19094
j19095
j19096
j19097
j19098
j19099
j19100
j19101
j19102
j19103
j19104
j19105
j19106
j19107
j19108
j19109
j19110
j19111
j19112
j19113
j19114
j19115
j19116
j19117
j19118
j19119
j19120
j19121
j19122
j19123
j19124
j19125
j19126
j19127
j19128
j19129
j19130
j19131
j19132
j19133
j19134
j19135
j19136
j19137
j19138
j19139
j19140
j19141
j19142
j19143
j19144
j19145
j19146
j19147
j19148
j19149
j19150
j19151
j19152
j19153
j19154
j19155
j19156
j19157
j19158
j19159
j19160
j19161
j19162
j19163
j19164
j19165
j19166
j19167
j19168
j19169
j19170
j19171
j19172
j19173
j19174
j19175
j19176
j19177
j19178
j19179
j19180
j19181
j19182
j19183
j19184
j19185
j19186
j19187
j19188
j19189
j19190
j19191
j19192
j19193
j19194
j19195
j19196
j19197
j19198
b12384
b12385
b12386
b12387
b12388
b12389
b12390
b12391
b12392
b12393
b12394
b12395
b12396
b12397
b12398
b12399
b12400
b12401
b12402
b12403
b12404
b12405
b12406
b12407
b12408
b12409
s05881
Transcribed ancient scripts
L37798
L37799
L37800
L37801
L37802
L26531
L26532
L26533
L26534
L26535
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (伐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
茷 *paːds, *bads, *bad
筏 *paːd, *bad
伐 *bad
閥 *bad
垡 *bad
栰 *bad

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Note:
  • huăk - literary;
  • puăk - vernacular (“to stride; step”).
Note:
  • hoa̍h - vernacular (“to step forward; step; classifier for footsteps”);
  • hoa̍t - literary.
Note:
  • huag8 - Shantou;
  • huêg8 - Chaozhou.
Note: 0va - yes/no question particle.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 伐
Mandarin Beijing /fa³⁵/
Harbin /fa²⁴/
Tianjin /fɑ⁴⁵/
Jinan /fa⁴²/
Qingdao /fa⁴²/
Zhengzhou /fa⁴²/
Xi'an /fa²⁴/
Xining /fa²⁴/
Yinchuan /fa¹³/
Lanzhou /fa⁵³/
Ürümqi /fa⁵¹/
Wuhan /fa²¹³/
Chengdu /fa³¹/
Guiyang /fa²¹/
Kunming /fa̠³¹/
Nanjing /fɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /fɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /faʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /xuʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /faʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /vaʔ¹/
Suzhou /vaʔ³/
Hangzhou /vɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /ɦo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /fa²²/
Tunxi /fuːə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /fa²⁴/
Xiangtan /ɸɒ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /faʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /fat̚⁵/
Taoyuan /fɑt̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /fɐt̚²/
Nanning /fat̚²²/
Hong Kong /fɐt̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /huat̚⁵/
/huaʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /pʰuaʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xua²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /huak̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /fak̚⁵/
Rime
Character 伐
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 月 (68)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 房越切
Baxter bjot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bʉɐt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bʷiɐt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biuɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buat̚/
Li
Rong 		/biuɐt̚/
Wang
Li 		/bĭwɐt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯wɐt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fá
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		faat6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 伐
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fá
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjot ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m-pat/
English cut; strike; attack

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 伐
Reading # 1/1
No. 2859
Phonetic
component 		伐
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		伐
Old
Chinese 		/*bad/

Definitions

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伐

  1. to kill; to slaughter; to behead
  2. to hack; to fell; to cut down; to hew
  3. to knock; to strike; to hit
  4. to send troops to suppress; to attack
  5. to remove; to eliminate; to take away
  6. to damage; to harm; to endanger
  7. to defeat; to thwart
  8. to criticize; to blame
  9. (Chinese astronomy) the name of three stars in the Three Stars mansion: 42 Orionis, θ2 Orionis and ι Orionis
  10. ridge soil
  11. Alternative form of 閥／阀 (fá, “merit; achievement”)
  12. to brag about (oneself); to flaunt
  13. Alternative form of 瞂 (fá, “shield”)
  14. Alternative form of 罰／罚 (fá, “to punish”)
  15. (Min) to stride; to take a stride; to step forward; to step over
  16. (Min) step; footstep; stride
  17. (Min) Classifier for footsteps: step
  18. (Wu) Alternative form of 𠲎 (0va, “final interrogative particle on a yes/no question”)
  19. (Wu) Alternative form of 勿 (“not”)
  20. Used in transcription.
    斯洛伐克  ―  Sīluòfákè  ―  Slovakia
    巴伐利亞／巴伐利亚  ―  Bāfálìyà  ―  Bavaria
    威斯特伐利亞／威斯特伐利亚  ―  Wēisītèfálìyà  ―  Westphalia
    呂伐登／吕伐登  ―  Lǚfádēng  ―  Leeuwarden
    皮埃爾·賴伐爾／皮埃尔·赖伐尔  ―  Pí'āi'ěr Làifá'ěr  ―  Pierre Laval
    伐樓拿／伐楼拿  ―  Fálóuná  ―  Varuna
  21. a surname

Usage notes

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In transcriptions of Buddhist terms, 伐 (MC bjot) is often used to transcribe व (va).

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 伐 – see 𠲎 (“final interrogative particle on a yes/no question.”).
(This character is a variant form of 𠲎).

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 伐 – see 筏 (“raft”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 筏).
Notes:

Etymology 4

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For pronunciation and definitions of 伐 – see 閥 (“contribution; family status; etc.”).
(This character is the second-round simplified and variant form of 閥).
Notes:

Etymology 5

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For pronunciation and definitions of 伐 – see 垡.
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 垡).
Notes:

Etymology 6

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For pronunciation and definitions of 伐 – see 勿 (“do not; don't; not; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 勿).

References

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  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “伐”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

Japanese

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Kanji

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伐

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. to attack, to strike, to cut

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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伐 (eumhun 칠 벌 (chil beol))

  1. hanja form? of 벌 (“to attack, to strike, to cut”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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伐: Hán Nôm readings: phạt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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