濁
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See also: 浊
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]濁 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 水田中戈 (EWLI), four-corner 36127, composition ⿰氵蜀)
Derived characters
[edit]Related characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 654, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18440
- Dae Jaweon: page 1064, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1758, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6FC1
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 濁 | |||
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Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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襡 | *toːʔ, *toːɡs, *doːʔ, *doːɡ, *djoɡ |
噣 | *toːɡs, *tuɡs, *rtoːɡ, *tjoɡ |
斣 | *toːɡs |
歜 | *sdoːmʔ, *tʰjoɡ |
斀 | *rtoːɡ |
孎 | *rtoːɡ, *toɡ |
濁 | *rdoːɡ |
鐲 | *rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ |
鸀 | *rdoːɡ, *tjoɡ |
擉 | *sʰroːɡ |
獨 | *doːɡ |
髑 | *doːɡ |
韣 | *doːɡ, *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
斸 | *toɡ |
钃 | *toɡ |
欘 | *toɡ |
躅 | *doɡ |
蠋 | *doɡ, *tjoɡ |
燭 | *tjoɡ |
囑 | *tjoɡ |
矚 | *tjoɡ |
屬 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
属 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
蠾 | *tjoɡ, *djoɡ |
觸 | *tʰjoɡ |
臅 | *tʰjoɡ |
觕 | *sʰlaː, *zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ |
蜀 | *djoɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *rdoːɡ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).
Etymology 1
[edit]trad. | 濁 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 浊 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk6
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): cŏk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8zoq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhuó
- Wade–Giles: cho2
- Yale: jwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwo
- Palladius: чжо (čžo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zuk6
- Yale: juhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk9
- Guangdong Romanization: zug6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʊk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhug / thug
- Hakka Romanization System: cugˋ / tugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cug5 / tug5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰug²/, /tʰug²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cŏk
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡souʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- ta̍k - vernacular (“nutritious but irritating”);
- cho̍k - literary (“muddy; chaotic; deep and thick; mixed and disorderly; dense”).
- Middle Chinese: draewk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N-tˤ]rok/
- (Zhengzhang): /*rdoːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]濁
- muddy; turbid; dirty; filthy
- chaotic; disorderly
- (of voice) deep and thick
- (phonetics, of consonants) voiced
- (Cantonese) to choke; to gag
- (Mainland China Hokkien) miscellaneous and in a jumble; mixed and disorderly
- (Mainland China Hokkien, of food) nutritious but irritating causing sores or causing the start, reoccurrence, or change of an illness
- (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) thick; dense; strong (of flavor, etc.)
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 渾濁, 混濁 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 渾 |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 渾 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 溷 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 渾 |
Wuhan | 渾 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 渾 |
Hefei | 渾 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 濁 |
Hong Kong | 濁 | |
Yangjiang | 濁 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 渾 |
Hakka | Meixian | 渾 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 溷 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 渾, 濁 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 渾 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 醪, 醪濁 |
Zhangzhou | 醪 | |
Chaozhou | 醪 | |
Haikou | 醪 | |
Wu | Suzhou | 渾 |
Wenzhou | 渾 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 渾 |
Shuangfeng | 渾 |
Compounds
[edit]- 乳濁液/乳浊液 (rǔzhuóyè)
- 五濁惡世/五浊恶世
- 凡胎濁骨/凡胎浊骨
- 十清九濁/十清九浊
- 惡濁/恶浊 (èzhuó)
- 懸濁液/悬浊液 (xuánzhuóyè)
- 揚清抑濁/扬清抑浊
- 揚清激濁/扬清激浊
- 汙濁/污浊 (wūzhuó)
- 清塵濁水/清尘浊水
- 清渭濁涇/清渭浊泾
- 清濁/清浊 (qīngzhuó)
- 淟濁/淟浊
- 混濁/混浊 (hùnzhuó)
- 清濁同流/清浊同流
- 清聖濁賢/清圣浊贤
- 渾濁/浑浊 (húnzhuó)
- 溷濁/溷浊 (hùnzhuó)
- 濁世/浊世 (zhuóshì)
- 濁母/浊母
- 濁氣/浊气
- 濁水/浊水
- 濁水溪/浊水溪 (Zhuóshuǐxī)
- 濁流/浊流 (zhuóliú)
- 濁涇清渭/浊泾清渭
- 激濁揚清/激浊扬清
- 濁物/浊物
- 濁聲/浊声
- 濁聲母/浊声母
- 濁質凡姿/浊质凡姿
- 濁酒/浊酒 (zhuójiǔ)
- 濁酒粗食/浊酒粗食 (zhuójiǔ cūshí)
- 濁醪/浊醪
- 濁音/浊音 (zhuóyīn)
- 濁骨凡胎/浊骨凡胎
- 白濁/白浊
- 稠濁/稠浊
- 紛濁/纷浊
- 舉世混濁/举世混浊 (jǔshìhǔnzhuó)
- 行濁言清/行浊言清
- 言清行濁/言清行浊
- 貪濁有狀/贪浊有状
Etymology 2
[edit]trad. | 濁 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 浊 |
Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]濁
- (Southern Min) Alternative form of 醪 (“murky; muddy; turbid; unclear”)
- 2006, “濁水溪之戀”, 武雄 (lyrics), 蕭煌奇 [Ricky Hsiao] (music)[1]performed by 詹雅雯 [Chan Ya-wen] and 蕭煌奇 [Ricky Hsiao]:
Japanese
[edit]浊 | |
濁 |
Kanji
[edit]濁
(Jōyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 浊)
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: じょく (joku)←ぢよく (dyoku, historical)
- Kan-on: たく (taku)
- Kan’yō-on: だく (daku, Jōyō)
- Kun: にごす (nigosu, 濁す, Jōyō); にごり (nigori, 濁り); にごる (nigoru, 濁る, Jōyō)
Compounds
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 濁 (MC draewk). Recorded as Middle Korean 탁〮 (thák) (Yale: thak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]濁: Hán Nôm readings: trọc, đục, rục, sộc, chọc, trạc, trọa/troạ, trộc, trậc
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