Appendix:Proto-Central Chadic reconstructions
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The following list of Proto-Central Chadic reconstructions is from Gravina (2014).
List[edit]
| Gloss | Proto-Central Chadic |
|---|---|
| able, to | *be; *ᵐba |
| arm | *dzɨvɨʸ; *hɨra |
| arm, upper | *paɮa |
| armpit | *hɨᵐbɨw |
| ash | *pɨtsiɗ |
| baboon | *hɨrɨgʷɨv |
| baobab | *kʷɨkaɗ; *ᵐbatuɓ |
| beard | *ɣʷɨmɨɗʸ |
| bee | *ɗawɨm |
| beer | *ɣʷɨzɨm; *ᵐbaɮa; *vɨhʷ |
| belch | *gʷɨɗɨɮ |
| bird | *ɗɨjɨkʷ |
| birth, to give | *ᵐbɨw; *wahaj |
| bite, to | *dzaj; *hʷɨpɨɗ |
| blind, to | *be; *ɣʷɨrɨp |
| blood | *hambɨzʸ |
| blow, to | *v; *vats; *viɮ |
| body | *ɣʷɨva |
| boil, to | *kʷaɗah |
| bone | *ɗiɬ; *kɨrakaɬʸ |
| bow | *rɨgɨɗʸ |
| brain | *raᵑgaɬʸ |
| breast | *ɗɨwah |
| broom | *kɨɬɨɗ; *sɨmɨtʸ; *sɨrɨkʷ |
| burn, to | *dɨr |
| butterfly | *pɨri |
| camel | *kaligimo; *ɮɨgʷamɨʸ; *ᵑgʲaluba |
| change, to | *ᵐbɨɗa |
| charcoal | *ɣʷɨvɨnʸ |
| cheek | *ɣʷɨlɨm |
| chicken | *tsɨkʷɨr |
| child | *zɨgʷɨn |
| claw | *ɗɨkɨnʸ |
| cobra, spitting | *gʷavan |
| cold, to be | *taɬ |
| compound | *ɣaj |
| cook, to | *d |
| cough | *hʷɨɗɨɬʸ |
| cow | *ɬa |
| crocodile | *kɨdɨm; *rigɨ |
| crow | *ᵑgʷɨrhak |
| cry, to | *tsɨwi |
| cut, to | *ɬ |
| dance | *ɣʷɨts |
| deaf | *dɨgɨɮam |
| die, to | *mɨts |
| dig, to | *ra |
| dog | *kɨri |
| donkey | *koro; *ᵐburi; *ziᵑgʷa |
| down, to lie | *hɨna |
| dream | *sɨhʷaniʸ |
| drink, to | *s |
| drought | *kʷaraj |
| drum | *daŋ |
| drum, small | *gaᵑga |
| ear | *ɬɨmɨɗʸ |
| earth | *hʷaɗik |
| eat, to | *zɨm |
| egg | *ɗɨɬɨj |
| eight | *tɨɣis |
| elephant | *dzɨwɨnʸ; *gɨwɨn; *ᵐbɨlalaʸ; *nɨvi |
| extinguish, to | *mits |
| eye | *hadaj; *tsɨʸ |
| face | *kʷɨma |
| faeces | *ɣʷɨvi; *ᵑgʷɨ; *zaj |
| fear | *ɮɨwɨn |
| field | *gʷɨvɨh; *ɣʷɨr; *raj; *sɨka |
| fingernail | *ɗɨkɨnʸ |
| fire | *hakʷ |
| fish | *kɨrɨpʸ |
| five | *hʷɨtif; *ɬensi; *ɮɨɗɨm |
| flour | *ɣʷɨpa |
| fly | *dzɨwɨɗʸ |
| fly, to | *vɨr |
| foot | *ʃi |
| four | *wɨpaɗ |
| fry, to | *sɨwra |
| girl | *dɨmʸ |
| give, to | *v1; *vɨr1 |
| goat | *ɗawɨk |
| grain | *hʷɨrɨp |
| grandfather | *dzɨdzɨʸ |
| grass | *kʷɨsap; *kʷɨzɨnʸ |
| grasshopper | *haɗikʷ |
| grinding stone | *wɨvɨn |
| grow, to | *gɨr |
| guinea fowl | *dzavɨn |
| hair | *ᵑgʷɨtsʸ; *sɨɓʷɨtiʸ |
| hair, grey | *ɗakʷɨr |
| hand | *hɨra |
| hare | *hʷaⁿdav; *vida |
| hat | *dzagʷa |
| hatch, to | *ɗɨɬʸ; *tsaɬʸ |
| head | *ɣɨn; *ɣʷɨ |
| hearth | *rɨwɨtsʸ |
| hedgehog | *hʷisɨs |
| hide, to | *ɓaɣʷ |
| hole | *gɨʔʷ; *vɨgɨɗʸ |
| honey | *ɗawɨm |
| horn | *lagan; *mahʷa; *ᵐbɨkʷɨm |
| horn, animal | *dɨrɨm |
| horse | *pɨrɨsʸ; *takʷ |
| human | *ⁿdɨw |
| hump | *dzɨgʷɨr |
| hunger | *maj1 |
| husband | *zɨɗɨr |
| hut | *vɨnʸ |
| itch, to | *pɨn |
| jealousy | *sɨrɨkʸ |
| kidney | *ɣʷɨlɨsʸ |
| know, to | *sɨn |
| laugh, to | *ɣʷɨɓis |
| leaf | *ɬaᵐbah |
| left | *gʷɨla; *ɮaɓaj |
| leg | *sɨkʸ; *sɨraj |
| leopard | *dɨɣʷɨvan |
| lion | *lɨvari; *mabor; *zɨjɨl |
| locust | *dzaraj |
| lung | *pakʷaɗɨp |
| man | *zɨɗɨr |
| market | *kʷasɨkʷa |
| meat | *ɬɨwɨɗʸ |
| millet | *daw; *hɨjɨ; *vɨjaw |
| millet ball | *ɗap |
| monkey | *vɨdɨj |
| moon | *kɨja; *tira |
| mortar | *hɨdzɨnʸ |
| mother | *ja; *mama |
| mouse | *katakam; *kʷɨhɨm; *kʷɨsɨm |
| mouth | *maj |
| name | *ɬɨmɨɗʸ1 |
| navel | *zɨᵐbʷiɗ |
| neck | *ɣɨwaj; *wɨraj |
| night | *viɗ |
| nose | *hʷɨtsɨnʸ |
| oil | *mar |
| path | *tsɨvɨɗʸ |
| porcupine | *dzɨmɨkʷʸ; *tsɨhʷɨɗʸ |
| pus | *wɨrɨɗʸ |
| quiver | *ɣʷadzi |
| rain | *vɨn |
| rainbow | *kʷaraj |
| rainy season | *vɨja |
| ram | *wɨzim |
| rat | *madɨwan |
| razor | *beli; *pɨɗakʷʸ |
| refuse, to | *kʷar |
| ripen, to | *nɨh |
| roast, to | *tɨsaw |
| root | *ɬɨrɨgi |
| run, to | *hɨwɨj |
| scorpion | *hɨrɨdzʸ |
| see, to | *nɨɣ |
| send, to | *ɬɨn |
| seven | *mɨɗɨp; *tasɨraɗ |
| shame | *hʷaraj; *zɨrwaʸ |
| sheep | *tɨma |
| shoulder | *hɨpaɬʸ |
| sit, to | *ⁿdzah |
| six | *kɨwah; *ɬira; *markɨɗʸ |
| skin | *haᵐbɨr; *hʷɨtaɗʸ |
| smell bad, to | *z |
| spit, to | *tip |
| squirrel, ground | *hajaɣ |
| stay, to | *ⁿdzah |
| steal | *kɨr |
| stomach | *hʷiɗ |
| string | *zɨwɨɗʸ |
| suck, to | *sɨwiɓʸ |
| sun | *pitsɨ |
| swallow, to | *ⁿda; *sɨɗɨk |
| tail | *kʷɨtɨrʸ |
| tamarind tree | *ᵐbɨwran |
| ten | *hɨkan; *kɨrɨw; *kʷɨm |
| thorn | *hadik |
| three | *hɨkin |
| tomb | *dzɨvaj |
| tongue | *ɗɨrɨnɨhʸ; *ɣanaɗʸ; *naɬɨj |
| tooth | *ɬɨɗɨnʸ |
| tree | *hʷɨp |
| two | *ɓɨwak; *kasi; *sɨwra1; *tsɨjɨw |
| untie, to | *pɨra |
| urine | *kʷɨnɨj |
| vomit, to | *vɨnah |
| wash, to | *bana |
| water | *ɗɨjɨm |
| well, to | *get ᵐbɨr |
| whistle, to | *pikʷ/*pɨkʷʸ |
| white | *ɗakʷaʸ |
| wind | *hɨmɨɗʸ |
| woman | *ᵑgʷɨs |
| woman, young | *daɣɨlɨj |
| work | *ɬinɨ |
References[edit]
- Gravina, Richard. 2014. Proto-Central Chadic Lexicon. Webonary.