哈

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哈 U+54C8, 哈
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54C8
← 哇
[U+54C7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 哉 →
[U+54C9]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

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哈 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口人一口 (ROMR), four-corner 68061, composition ⿰口合)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 189, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3594
  • Dae Jaweon: page 408, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 619, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+54C8

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (合) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
龕 *kʰuːm
媕 *quːm, *qromʔ, *qɯːm, *qramʔ, *qɯːb
頜 *ɡuːmʔ, *kuːb
答 *tkuːb
畣 *tkuːb
荅 *tkuːb
嗒 *tuːb, *tʰoːb
褡 *tuːb, *toːb
撘 *tuːb
搭 *tuːb, *tʰoːb
榙 *tkuːb, *ɡuːb
佮 *tkʰuːb, *kuːb, *quːb, *quːb
蛤 *kuːb
鴿 *kuːb
合 *kuːb, *ɡuːb
郃 *kuːb, *ɡuːb
匌 *kuːb, *kʰuːb
鉿 *kuːb
閤 *kuːb
鞈 *kuːb, *kruːb
韐 *kuːb, *kruːb
鮯 *kuːb
哈 *ŋɡuːb
姶 *quːb, *quːb
欱 *qʰuːb, *qʰruːb
盒 *ɡuːb
耠 *ɡuːb
詥 *ɡuːb
塔 *tʰuːb
鞳 *tʰoːb
劄 *rtuːb
跲 *kruːb, *kob, *ɡob
袷 *kruːb, *ŋkob
餄 *kruːb
恰 *kʰruːb
帢 *kʰruːb
洽 *ɡruːb
祫 *ɡruːb
珨 *ɡruːb
烚 *ɡruːb
歙 *qʰjob, *qʰrub
湁 *tkʰub
拾 *ɡjub
給 *krub
翕 *qʰrub
噏 *qʰrub
潝 *qʰrub
熻 *qʰrub
嬆 *qʰrub
翖 *qʰrub
闟 *qʰrub

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡuːb) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb).

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 哈

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 哈
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 合 (160)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 五合切
Baxter ngop
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋʌp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋəp̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋɒp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋəp̚/
Li
Rong 		/ŋᴀp̚/
Wang
Li 		/ŋɒp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋăp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		è
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngap6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 哈
Reading # 1/1
No. 4966
Phonetic
component 		合
Rime
group 		緝
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		㬎
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋɡuːb/
Notes 今音ha來自噓呵

Definitions

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哈

  1. ‡ (of fish) many; plenteous
  2. ‡ (of a fish's mouth) opening; moving
  3. † mouthful; sip

Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
 哈

Pronunciation

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Note: haai1 - only used in 齊齊哈爾／齐齐哈尔, probably due to assimilation.
Note:
  • hah, ha - vernacular;
  • hap - literary.

Definitions

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哈

  1. (onomatopoeia) sound of laughter: ha
  2. exclamation of triumph, etc.: ha!
  3. (dialectal) Sentence-final particle softening the request.
  4. to breathe out
  5. (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to drink
    1. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to drink alcohol
    2. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to drink tea
  6. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to exhale hot air to keep oneself warm
  7. Short for 哈薩克斯坦／哈萨克斯坦 (Hāsàkèsītǎn, “Kazakhstan”).
  8. Short for 哈爾濱／哈尔滨 (Hā'ěrbīn, “Harbin”).

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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simp. and trad.
 哈
alternative forms 唯
嗄
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Possibly related to Taiwanese Mandarin 蛤 (há), Taiwanese Hokkien 唅 (--hahⁿ), or Hokkien 哄 (háⁿ) in Douglas (1873)? See also Tagalog ha, Malaysian and Singaporean English har / ah, Indonesian ha, Dutch hè, English huh, Japanese ええ (ē), へえ (hē), and ああ (ā).”

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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哈

  1. (Hokkien) Used to indicate confusion or pondering when the speaker did not hear or comprehend clearly: huh; hmm; what; pardon?; what did (they/you/he/she) say?
    哈，啥物？ [Hokkien, trad. and simp.]
    Hâⁿ, siáⁿ-mi̍h? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    Huh, what?
  2. (Hokkien) Used to express doubt or disbelief: huh?; hmm?; what?; oh?; what do you mean?
  3. (Hokkien) Used to express subtle surprise or amusement/astonishment: huh!; oh!; what!
  4. (Taiwanese Hokkien) Used to express consent or agreement or approval: huh ok; oh alright; yeah; sure; ah yes

Usage notes

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Synonyms

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  • 啊 (a / ah / --a / --ah)
  • 唅 (--hahⁿ)
  • 蛤 (há)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • →? English: har (Manglish & Singlish)
  • →? Taiwanese Mandarin: 蛤 (há)
  • →? Tagalog: ha

Etymology 4

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simp. and trad.
 哈
alternative forms 𨉣

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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哈

  1. (chiefly Mandarin, Jin, colloquial) to bend; to stoop

Compounds

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Etymology 5

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simp. and trad.
 哈

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to 喝?”)

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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哈

  1. (Beijing Mandarin) to scold; to reprimand

Etymology 6

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simp. and trad.
 哈

Pronunciation

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Note: haa5 - rare.

Definitions

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哈

  1. Only used in 哈巴 (hǎba, “Pekingese; pug”).

Compounds

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Etymology 7

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simp. and trad.
 哈
Wikipedia has an article on:

For Hui people, the surname is the initialism of several Arabic names, such as حَسَن (ḥasan).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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哈

  1. a surname (mainly among Hui people)

Etymology 8

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simp. and trad.
 哈

Pronunciation

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Note: used in 哈達／哈达.

Definitions

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哈

  1. Used in compounds.

Compounds

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Etymology 9

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simp. and trad.
 哈

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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哈

  1. Only used in 哈喇 (hāla).

Compounds

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Etymology 10

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simp. and trad.
 哈

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from 憨?”)

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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哈

  1. (Southwestern Mandarin, Xiang) silly; stupid
  2. (Southwestern Mandarin, Wu) scare
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 傻 (“foolish”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 傻
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 傻
Taiwan 傻
Singapore 傻, 戇
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 傻
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 瓜
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 哈, 瓜, 寶
Wuhan 苕, 哈, 嘎
Guilin 哈
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 呆, 木足, 瓜
Hefei 呆, 傻
Cantonese Guangzhou 戇, 傻, 戇居
Hong Kong 傻, 戇, 戇居
Taishan 傻, 吽, 戇
Dongguan 戇, 傻, 吽
Yangjiang 傻, 戇
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 傻, 戇
Singapore (Guangfu) 傻, 戇
Gan Nanchang 蟬
Hakka Meixian 傻, 戇
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 戇, 傻
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 傻
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 戇
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 戇
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 戇鳩
Boluo (Bendihua) 呆愕
Heyuan (Bendihua) 戇
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 戇鬼
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 傻
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 慢, 嚒
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 戇鳩
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 戇
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 傻
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 戇鳩
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 戇鳩
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 戇
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 戇
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 戇
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 戇
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 戇
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 戇
Jin Taiyuan 傻, 二不楞
Northern Min Jian'ou 賴, 戇
Eastern Min Fuzhou 戇
Fuzhou (Changle) 戇
Fuqing 戇
Yongtai 戇
Gutian 阿褒
Fu'an 戇
Ningde 戇, 庸
Shouning 戇, 庸
Zhouning 戇
Fuding 庸
Matsu 戇
Southern Min Xiamen 戇
Quanzhou 戇, 潲面 vulgar
Zhangzhou 戇, 哚哥, 潲面 vulgar
Zhao'an 戇
Kaohsiung 戇
Changhua (Lukang) 戇
Taichung 戇
Taichung (Wuqi) 呆
Tainan 槌, 戇
Hsinchu 戇
Penghu (Magong) 戇
Penang (Hokkien) 戇
Singapore (Hokkien) 戇, 悇, 呆, 歁戇, 戇戇, 戇呆, 呆呆, 悇悇
Manila (Hokkien) 戇, 戇戇, 洽, 洽潲 vulgar, 洽仔, 山猴, 三八, 三八潲 vulgar
Chaozhou 㦙, 白仁, 戇
Jieyang 㦙, 白仁, 戇
Singapore (Teochew) 㦙, 戇, 悇
Wenchang 戇, 傻
Haikou 戇
Qionghai 戇
Singapore (Hainanese) 戇
Wu Shanghai 戇, 壽, 糞
Shanghai (Songjiang) 戇, 壽, 踱
Suzhou 戇, 壽, 踱
Wuxi 戇, 壽
Tongxiang 踱
Ningbo 呆, 戇
Wenzhou 呆, 憨
Xiang Changsha 寶, 醒
Shuangfeng 哈

Compounds

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Etymology 11

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simp. and trad.
 哈

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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哈

  1. (Southwestern Mandarin) to tickle

Etymology 12

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simp. and trad.
 哈

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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哈

  1. Only used in 哈士蟆 (hàshimá).

Etymology 13

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simp. and trad.
 哈

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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哈

  1. Only used in 哈巴 (hàba).

Etymology 14

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simp. and trad.
 哈

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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哈

  1. Alternative form of 喝 (“to drink”)
  2. Alternative form of 呷

Etymology 15

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simp. and trad.
 哈

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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哈

  1. Used in place names.

Compounds

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Etymology 16

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simp. and trad.
 哈

Mostly likely Sinitic, but the exact etymon is disputed. Possible etyma include:

Pronunciation

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This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Definitions

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哈

  1. (Gansu and Qinghai Mandarin) Accusative/dative marker, placed after a preverbal object.
    • 1980, 张成材, “西宁方言记略”, in 方言 [Fangyan], number 4, page 301:
      我嘴笨，他哈说不过。 [Xining Mandarin, simp.]
      我嘴笨，他哈說不過。 [Xining Mandarin, trad.]
      I can't speak well; I can't argue over him/her.
    • 2011, 王双成 [Wang Shuangcheng], “青海西宁方言的给予类双及物结构 [The Giving-type Ditransitive Constructions in Xining Dialect, Qinghai Province]”, in 方言 [Fangyan], number 1, page 14:
      哥哥兄弟哈给掉了个本子。 [Xining Mandarin, simp.]
      哥哥兄弟哈給掉了個本子。 [Xining Mandarin, trad.]
      The elder brother gave the younger brother a notebook.

Etymology 17

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For pronunciation and definitions of 哈 – see 歃 (“to drink; to suck; to smear on the mouth; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 歃).

Etymology 18

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For pronunciation and definitions of 哈 – see 𪘁.
(This character is a variant form of 𪘁).

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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哈

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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References

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  • “哈” in: 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), chief ed. 大漢和辞典 (Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, “Comprehensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 13 vols. 1955–1960. Revised and enlarged ed. 1984–1986. Tokyo: Taishukan.

Korean

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Hanja

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哈 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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哈: Hán Nôm readings: cáp, hóp, hộp, ngáp, họp, hớp, ngớp

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Zhuang

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Verb

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哈

  1. Sawndip form of haep

References

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  • 古壮字字典 [Dictionary of Old Zhuang Characters] (in Chinese), Guangxi: Ethnic Publishing House (广西民族出版社), 2012, →ISBN, page 238
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