氣

See also: 气, 気, and 炁

Translingual

Traditional	氣
Shinjitai	気
Simplified	气

Han character

氣 (Kangxi radical 84, 气+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火木 (ONFD), four-corner 8091₇, composition ⿹气米)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 599, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17059
• Dae Jaweon: page 990, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2011, character 14
• Unihan data for U+6C23

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Chinese

trad.		氣
simp.		气*
alternative forms		気 𣱛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 氣
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (气) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
愾	*kʰɯːds, *qʰɯds
忾	*qʰrɯl
刏	*kɯl, *ɡɯl, *kuːls
汽	*kʰɯds
氣	*kʰɯds, *qʰɯds
气	*kʰɯds
忥	*qʰɯds
餼	*qʰɯds
鎎	*qʰɯds
熂	*qʰɯds
霼	*qʰɯds
犔	*qʰɯds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰɯds, *qʰɯds) : phonetic 气 (OC *kʰɯds) + semantic 米 (“rice”) – to give rice as a gift.

Later borrowed meanings of “air, flow” from 气 (OC *kʰɯds). The derivative 餼 (OC *qʰɯds) refers to the original word. Compare 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd).

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 氣

1. air; gas

   天然氣／天然气  ―  tiānránqì  ―  natural gas

   • 出去透透氣！／出去透透气！  ―  Chūqù tòu tòuqì!  ―  Go out to breathe fresh air!
   • 輪胎漏氣了。／轮胎漏气了。  ―  Lúntāi lòu qì le.  ―  The tire is leaking gas.
2. breath (Classifier: 口 m; 啖 c)

   喘不過氣來／喘不过气来  ―  chuǎnbùguòqì lái  ―  to be out of breath

   • 我會戰鬥到最后一口氣。 [MSC, trad.]
     我会战斗到最后一口气。 [MSC, simp.]

     Wǒ huì zhàndòu dào zuìhòu yī kǒu qì. [Pinyin]

     I will fight to my last breath.

3. (Chinese philosophy) qi; vital energy; life force
4. smell; odour

   氣味／气味  ―  qìwèi  ―  smell

   • 把廚炊的煙火氣從衣服上去掉是很難的。 [MSC, trad.]
     把厨炊的烟火气从衣服上去掉是很难的。 [MSC, simp.]

     Bǎ chúchuī de yānhuǒ qì cóng yīfú shàng qùdiào shì hěn nán de. [Pinyin]

     It is difficult to remove the smell of cooking from clothes.

5. angriness

   生氣／生气  ―  shēngqì  ―  to get angry

6. to get angry

   我很氣。／我很气。  ―  Wǒ hěn qì.  ―  I'm very angry.

7. to make angry; to annoy

   別氣我！／别气我！  ―  Bié qì wǒ!  ―  Don't annoy me!

8. to breathe
9. quality; character; spirit; mettle

   有男人氣／有男人气  ―  yǒu nánrén qì  ―  manly

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xì (xi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xì
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sì
    • Wade–Giles: hsi⁴
    • Yale: syì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
    • Palladius: си (si)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: xj+jH

Rime
Character	氣
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	微 (20)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許旣切
Baxter	xj+jH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨiH/
Pan Wuyun	/hɨiH/
Shao Rongfen	/xiəiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨjH/
Li Rong	/xiəiH/
Wang Li	/xĭəiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xe̯iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰət-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰɯds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	氣
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xì
Middle Chinese	‹ xjɨjH ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰət-s/
English	to present food
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	氣
Reading #	2/2
No.	10143
Phonetic component	气
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*qʰɯds/
Notes	後作餼

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 氣

1. ^† Original form of 餼／饩 (xì, “to give food as a gift”).

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (氣):

• → Japanese: 気(き) (ki)
• → Korean: 기(氣) (gi)
• → Vietnamese: khí (氣)

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	気
Kyūjitai	氣

Kanji

氣

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 気)

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)
• Kan-on: き (ki)
• Kun: いき (iki, 氣)

Usage notes

Not used in modern Japanese. Replaced by the shinjitai form 気.

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Korean

Hanja

氣 (eumhun 기운 기 (giun gi))

1. Hanja form^? of 기 (“energy, aura, vitality, vigor”).

Compounds

• 感氣 (감기, cold, flu)
• 雰圍氣 (분위기, atmosphere, mood)

Hanja

氣 (eumhun 보낼 희 (bonael hui))

1. Hanja form^? of 희 (“to send”).

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 氣 (khí)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.