油

See also: 㳌, 沺, and 𣳑

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order (Japan)

Han character

油 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水中田 (ELW), four-corner 3516₀, composition ⿰氵由)

Derived characters

• 𠶢, 𣓐, 𭳂, 𫈜, 𩭶

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 614, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17253
• Dae Jaweon: page 1007, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1585, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6CB9

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		油

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 油
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (由) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
袖	*ljɯwɢs
岫	*ljɯwɢs
牰	*ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs
抽	*l̥ʰɯw
妯	*l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ
紬	*l'ɯw
怞	*l'ɯw
鮋	*l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw
菗	*rlɯw
宙	*l'ɯwɢs
胄	*l'ɯwɢs
冑	*l'ɯwɢs
伷	*l'ɯwɢs
駎	*l'ɯwɢs
油	*lɯw, *lɯwɢs
由	*lɯw
蚰	*lɯw
秞	*lɯw
邮	*lɯw
釉	*lɯwɢs
柚	*lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ
鼬	*lɯwɢs
苖	*l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ
笛	*l'ɯːwɢ
迪	*l'ɯːwɢ
頔	*l'ɯːwɢ
軸	*l'ɯwɢ
舳	*l'ɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯw, *lɯwɢs) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yóu (you²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˊ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ю (i͡u, I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴ / jau^4-2
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yù
• Eastern Min (BUC): ìu
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): iû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iu⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶yeu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yóu
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yóu
    • Wade–Giles: yu²
    • Yale: yóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: you
    • Palladius: ю (ju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯³⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ю (i͡u, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iou²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jau⁴ / jau^4-2
    • Yale: yàuh / yáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴ / jau^4-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁴ / yeo^4-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹/, /jɐu̯²¹⁻³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù
    • Hakka Romanization System: iuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu²
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯u¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yù
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu²
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ìu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ieu⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû
    • Tâi-lô: iû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iuu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iu²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iu²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: iu⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶yeu
    • MiniDict: yeu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiɤ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: yuw

Rime
Character	油
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以周切
Baxter	yuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/jiu/
Shao Rongfen	/iəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juw/
Li Rong	/iu/
Wang Li	/jĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l][u]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*lɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	油
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yóu
Middle Chinese	‹ yuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[l][u]/
English	flow(ing)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	油
Reading #	1/2
No.	15525
Phonetic component	由
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	猷
Old Chinese	/*lɯw/
Notes	象柚實，爲柚初文；柚爲條，由枿亦稱木生條， 同音相借

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 油

1. name of an ancient river
2. oil: fat, grease, lard, petroleum, etc.

   麻油  ―  máyóu  ―  sesame oil

   豬油／猪油  ―  zhūyóu  ―  lard

   石油  ―  shíyóu  ―  petroleum; oil

   機油／机油  ―  jīyóu  ―  engine oil

   漏油 [Cantonese]  ―  lau⁶ jau^4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to leak oil

3. to paint

   油屋 [Cantonese]  ―  jau⁴ uk¹ [Jyutping]  ―  to paint the house

4. to be grease-stained
5. sly; glib
6. vigorous, abundant
7. shiny
8. sweet-tempered, acquiescent
9. flippant and insincere
10. dark
11. a surname

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yòu (you⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yòu
    • Wade–Giles: yu⁴
    • Yale: yòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yow
    • Palladius: ю (ju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jau⁶
    • Yale: yauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²²/

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• Middle Chinese: yuwH

Rime
Character	油
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余救切
Baxter	yuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨuH/
Pan Wuyun	/jiuH/
Shao Rongfen	/iəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juwH/
Li Rong	/iuH/
Wang Li	/jĭəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*lɯwɢs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	油
Reading #	2/2
No.	15534
Phonetic component	由
Rime group	奧
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	狖
Old Chinese	/*lɯwɢs/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 油

1. ^† (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 釉 (yòu, “to glaze”).
2. Used in 浩油.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

油

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ゆ (yu, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ゆう (yū)^{←いう (iu, historical)}
• Kun: あぶら (abura, 油, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 橄(かん)欖(らん)油(ゆ) (kanran'yu): olive oil
• 魚(ぎょ)油(ゆ) (gyoyu): fish oil
• 苦(く)扁(へん)桃(とう)油(ゆ) (kuhentōyu): bitter almond oil
• 鯨(げい)油(ゆ) (geiyu): whale oil
• 醤(しょう)油(ゆ) (shōyu): soy sauce
• テレビン油(ゆ) (terebin'yu): turpentine
• 扁(へん)桃(とう)油(ゆ) (hentōyu): almond oil
• 松(まつ)脂(やに)油(あぶら) (matsuyaniabura): turpentine
• 油(ゆ)井(せい) (yusei): oil well
• 油(ゆ)性(せい) (yusei): oiliness; oil-based
• 油(ゆ)田(でん) (yuden): oil field
• 辣(ラー)油(ユ) (rāyu): chili oil

Etymology

Kanji in this term
油
あぶら Grade: 3
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 油 – see the following entry.

【あぶら】 [noun] 油, 膏: oil Alternative spelling 膏

(This term, 油, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

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Korean

Hanja

油 (eumhun 기름 유 (gireum yu))

1. oil

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Kunigami

Kanji

油

• Kun: あんだー (andā)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 油 (abura).

Noun

油 (hiragana あんだー, romaji andā)

1. oil

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Miyako

Kanji

油

• Kun: あっゔぁ (avva)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 油 (abura).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /avva/, /aʋva/, /aʋʋa/

Noun

油 (hiragana あっゔぁ, romaji avva)

1. oil

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Okinawan

Kanji

油

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Kun: あんだ (anda, 油)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
油
あんだ Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Cognate with Japanese 油 (abura).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [an̩da]

Noun

油(あんだ) (anda) 

1. oil

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 油口 (あんだぐち, andaguchi, “praise; fawning; unremittant speech”)
• 油虫 (あんだむさー, andamusā, “slug”)
• 油人 (あんだちゅー, andachū, “green grass lizard (Takydromus smaragdinus)”)
• 油揚ぎー (andagī, “andagi”)

References

• “あんだ【油】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 油 (dầu, dẫu, dàu, dư, dù, du, rầu, trầu)

1. oil, fat, grease

Compounds

• 油𫗒 (dầu ăn)

Usage notes

• Chữ Nôm. The modern Vietnamese word for oil is dầu.

References

• www.chunom.org