半
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Alternative forms
[edit]Han character
[edit]半 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 火手 (FQ), four-corner 90500, composition ⿻丷𰀁(GHTJV) or ⿻八𰀁(K))
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №18
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 156, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2707
- Dae Jaweon: page 354, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 46, character 1
- Unihan data for U+534A
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 半 |
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Western Zhou |
Bronze inscriptions |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 八 (“to divide”) + 牛 (“cow”) – to cut a cow into two halves.
Etymology 1
[edit]simp. and trad. |
半 |
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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *par. Related to 畔 (OC *baːns, “bank between fields”), which is an endopassive of 半 (OC *paːns, “half”), lit. "be separated from".
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ban3
- Northern Min (KCR): bui̿ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): buáng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5poe
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bonn4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bàn
- Wade–Giles: pan4
- Yale: bàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bann
- Palladius: бань (banʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: bun3
- Yale: bun
- Cantonese Pinyin: bun3
- Guangdong Romanization: bun3
- Sinological IPA (key): /puːn³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: bon1 / bon1-4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pᵘɔn³³/, /pᵘɔn³³⁻²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pan
- Hakka Romanization System: ban
- Hagfa Pinyim: ban4
- Sinological IPA: /pan⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ban3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /pæ̃⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bui̿ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /puiŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: buáng
- Sinological IPA (key): /puɑŋ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- pòaⁿ - vernacular;
- poàn - literary.
- Middle Chinese: panH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤan-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*paːns/
Definitions
[edit]半
- half
- very little
- halfway, partially, semi-
- (Hong Kong, informal, neologism) half past
- (Should we delete(+) this sense?) (informal, Canada, Quebec, real estate) half room, bathroom
Usage notes
[edit]半 (bàn) + classifier + noun indicate half of something, while number + classifier + 半 (bàn) + noun means "and a half".
- 半塊麵包/半块面包 ― bàn kuài miànbāo ― half a loaf of bread
- 兩塊半麵包/两块半面包 ― liǎng kuài bàn miànbāo ― two and a half loaves of bread
Compounds
[edit]- 一半 (yībàn)
- 一名半職/一名半职
- 一大半
- 一字半句
- 一官半職/一官半职 (yīguānbànzhí)
- 一差半錯/一差半错 (yīchābàncuò)
- 一年半載/一年半载 (yīniánbànzǎi)
- 一時半刻/一时半刻 (yīshíbànkè)
- 一時半霎/一时半霎
- 一班半點/一班半点
- 一男半女 (yīnánbànnǚ)
- 一知半解 (yīzhībànjiě)
- 一絲半氣/一丝半气
- 一絲半粟/一丝半粟
- 一絲半絲/一丝半丝
- 一言半句 (yīyánbànjù)
- 一言半字
- 一言半語/一言半语 (yīyánbànyǔ)
- 一言半辭/一言半辞
- 一階半級/一阶半级
- 一階半職/一阶半职
- 一鱗半爪/一鳞半爪 (yīlínbànzhǎo)
- 一鱗半甲/一鳞半甲
- 上半 (shàngbàn)
- 下半夜 (xiàbànyè)
- 下半天 (xiàbàntiān)
- 下半年 (xiàbànnián)
- 下半旗 (xiàbànqí)
- 下半晌 (xiàbànshǎng)
- 上半晌 (shàngbànshǎng)
- 下半月 (xiàbànyuè)
- 下半輩子/下半辈子
- 三更半夜
- 不成半器
- 中南半島/中南半岛 (Zhōngnán Bàndǎo)
- 九龍半島/九龙半岛 (Jiǔlóng Bàndǎo)
- 事倍功半 (shìbèi-gōngbàn)
- 事半功倍 (shìbàn-gōngbèi)
- 二半破子
- 二尺半
- 伊豆半島/伊豆半岛 (Yīdòu Bàndǎo)
- 兩句半/两句半
- 八兩半斤/八两半斤
- 利弊參半/利弊参半
- 前半晌 (qiánbànshǎng)
- 劉半農/刘半农
- 力倍功半
- 功過參半/功过参半
- 北半球 (běibànqiú)
- 半三不四
- 半上聲/半上声
- 半上落下
- 半世 (bànshì)
- 半中腰 (bànzhōngyāo)
- 半些兒/半些儿
- 半亞/半亚
- 半人半鬼
- 半仙
- 半仙戲/半仙戏
- 半低元音
- 半信不信
- 半信半疑 (bànxìn-bànyí)
- 半個/半个 (bànge)
- 半個人/半个人 (bàn ge rén)
- 半偏
- 半傳貰/半传贳 (bànchuánshì)
- 半價/半价 (bànjià)
- 半價倍息/半价倍息
- 半元音 (bànyuányīn)
- 半分 (bànfēn)
- 半刻 (bànkè)
- 半刻工夫
- 半包兒/半包儿
- 半半拉拉 (bànban lālā)
- 半半羅羅/半半罗罗
- 半合元音
- 半合兒/半合儿
- 半吐半吞
- 半吐半露
- 半吊子 (bàndiàozi)
- 半吞半吐
- 半唐番 (bàntángfān, “"half Chinese" person”)
- 半圓/半圆 (bànyuán)
- 半圓規/半圆规
- 半坡遺址/半坡遗址
- 半垓
- 半塗而罷/半涂而罢
- 半壁 (bànbì)
- 半壁江山 (bànbìjiāngshān)
- 半壁河山 (bànbìhéshān)
- 半夏 (bànxià)
- 半夜 (bànyè)
- 半夜三更
- 半大不小 (bàndàbùxiǎo)
- 半大小子
- 半天 (bàntiān)
- 半子 (bànzǐ)
- 半官方 (bànguānfāng)
- 半導體/半导体 (bàndǎotǐ)
- 半小菇 (bànxiǎogū)
- 半屏山 (Bànpíngshān)
- 半山腰 (bànshānyāo)
- 半島/半岛 (bàndǎo, “peninsula”)
- 半工半讀/半工半读 (bàngōngbàndú)
- 半師之分/半师之分
- 半弓
- 半影 (bànyǐng)
- 半徑/半径 (bànjìng)
- 半恰
- 半憨子
- 半成品 (bànchéngpǐn)
- 半截 (bànjié)
- 半截入土
- 半截塔
- 半截漢子/半截汉子
- 半截門兒/半截门儿
- 半扎
- 半折
- 半抄兒/半抄儿
- 半抖音
- 半拆
- 半指
- 半掐
- 半推半就 (bàntuībànjiù)
- 半掩半開/半掩半开
- 半數/半数 (bànshù)
- 半斤八兩/半斤八两 (bànjīnbāliǎng)
- 半新
- 半新不舊/半新不旧 (bànxīn bùjiù)
- 半日 (bànrì)
- 半日片刻
- 半早
- 半明半暗
- 半星
- 半晌 (bànshǎng)
- 半暝 (buáng-màng) (Eastern Min)
- 半會/半会
- 半月 (bànyuè)
- 半月刊 (bànyuèkān)
- 半月瓣 (bànyuèbàn)
- 半朝鑾駕/半朝銮驾
- 半歇
- 半死 (bànsǐ)
- 半死不活 (bànsǐbùhuó)
- 半死半活 (bànsǐ bànhuó)
- 半母音 (bànmǔyīn)
- 半流體/半流体 (bànliútǐ)
- 半灌木
- 半熟茶
- 半球 (bànqiú)
- 半球體/半球体
- 半瓶醋 (bànpíngcù)
- 半生 (bànshēng)
- 半生不熟 (bànshēngbùshú)
- 半生半熟
- 半痴不顛/半痴不颠
- 半瘋兒/半疯儿 (bànfēngr)
- 半癱兒/半瘫儿
- 半百 (bànbǎi)
- 半睡半醒
- 半票 (bànpiào)
- 半禮/半礼
- 半空 (bànkōng)
- 半空中
- 半空裡/半空里
- 半窄
- 半箭之功
- 半籌/半筹
- 半籌不納/半筹不纳
- 半籃腳/半篮脚
- 半籌莫展/半筹莫展
- 半米兒/半米儿
- 半粒
- 半紀/半纪
- 半絲麻線/半丝麻线
- 半綹/半绺
- 半老徐娘 (bànlǎoxúniáng)
- 半自動/半自动 (bànzìdòng)
- 半舊/半旧
- 半舌音
- 半舍
- 半菽
- 半菽不飽/半菽不饱
- 半落不合
- 半薪
- 半彪子 (bànbiāozi)
- 半衰期 (bànshuāiqī, “half life”)
- 半製品/半制品 (bànzhìpǐn)
- 半規/半规 (bànguī)
- 半規管/半规管 (bànguīguǎn)
- 半角 (bànjiǎo)
- 半語子/半语子
- 半豹
- 半路 (bànlù)
- 半路出家 (bànlùchūjiā)
- 半蹲
- 半身 (bànshēn)
- 半身不遂
- 半輩子/半辈子 (bànbèizi)
- 半途 (bàntú)
- 半透明 (bàntòumíng)
- 半透明體/半透明体
- 半途而廢/半途而废 (bàntú'érfèi)
- 半途自畫/半途自画
- 半道兒/半道儿 (bàndàor)
- 半邊/半边 (bànbiān)
- 半邊天/半边天 (bànbiāntiān)
- 半邊家庭/半边家庭 (bànbiān jiātíng)
- 半邊蓮/半边莲 (bànbiānlián)
- 半酣 (bànhān)
- 半醉 (bànzuì)
- 半金屬/半金属 (bànjīnshǔ)
- 半鑑/半鉴
- 半門子/半门子
- 半閉元音/半闭元音
- 半間不界/半间不界
- 半開元音/半开元音
- 半開化/半开化
- 半開半掩/半开半掩
- 半開眼/半开眼
- 半開門/半开门
- 半零不落
- 半霎
- 半霎俄延
- 半青半黃/半青半黄
- 半面 (bànmiàn)
- 半面之交
- 半面之舊/半面之旧
- 半音 (bànyīn)
- 半音階/半音阶 (bànyīnjiē, “chromatic scale”)
- 半餉/半饷 (bànshǎng)
- 半高元音
- 半鹹水湖/半咸水湖
- 半點/半点 (bàndiǎn)
- 半齒音/半齿音
- 南半球 (nánbànqiú)
- 印度半島/印度半岛 (Yìndù Bàndǎo)
- 參半/参半 (cānbàn)
- 另一半 (lìngyībàn)
- 各半 (gèbàn)
- 土埋半截
- 多半 (duōbàn)
- 多半日
- 夜半 (yèbàn)
- 夜半三更 (yèbànsāngēng)
- 大半 (dàbàn)
- 大半天 (dàbàntiān)
- 大半年
- 大半拉
- 大半生 (dàbànshēng)
- 大半輩子/大半辈子
- 太半 (tàibàn)
- 套半車/套半车
- 好半天
- 寸絲半粟/寸丝半粟
- 對半/对半 (duìbàn)
- 小半
- 居其大半
- 山東半島/山东半岛 (Shāndōng Bàndǎo)
- 巴丹半島/巴丹半岛 (Bādān Bàndǎo)
- 平半
- 強半/强半
- 後半世/后半世
- 後半夜/后半夜 (hòubànyè)
- 後半天/后半天
- 後半晌/后半晌 (hòubànshǎng)
- 徐娘半老 (xúniángbànlǎo)
- 得失相半
- 思過半/思过半
- 恆春半島/恒春半岛 (Héngchūn Bàndǎo)
- 慢半拍 (mànbànpāi)
- 憂喜參半/忧喜参半
- 打了半跪
- 折半 (zhébàn)
- 搜索半徑/搜索半径
- 晚半天兒/晚半天儿
- 暴風半徑/暴风半径
- 更深半夜
- 月半 (yuèbàn)
- 朝鮮半島/朝鲜半岛
- 東半球/东半球 (dōngbànqiú)
- 核半徑/核半径
- 毀譽參半/毁誉参半 (huǐyùcānbàn)
- 水半球
- 泰半 (tàibàn)
- 涼了半截/凉了半截
- 深更半夜 (shēngēngbànyè)
- 減半/减半 (jiǎnbàn)
- 片鱗半爪/片鳞半爪
- 疑信參半/疑信参半
- 矮了半截
- 破壞半徑/破坏半径
- 紙半張/纸半张
- 老半天 (lǎobàntiān)
- 西半球 (xībànqiú)
- 西奈半島/西奈半岛 (Xīnài Bàndǎo)
- 赭衣半道
- 軟半/软半
- 過半/过半 (guòbàn)
- 過半數/过半数
- 遼東半島/辽东半岛 (Liáodōng Bàndǎo)
- 降半旗 (jiàngbànqí)
- 陸半球/陆半球
- 雷州半島/雷州半岛 (Léizhōu Bàndǎo)
- 頭半天/头半天
- 馬來半島/马来半岛 (Mǎlái Bàndǎo)
- 黑更半夜
Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #1397”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Etymology 2
[edit]simp. and trad. |
半 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 畫/画 |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): uê5
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: uê5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: uê
- Sinological IPA (key): /ue⁵⁵/
- (Teochew)
Definitions
[edit]半
Further reading
[edit]- Fielde, Adele Marion (1883) “ûe”, in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect, Arranged According to Syllables and Tones, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 607
Japanese
[edit]Shinjitai | 半 | |
Kyūjitai [1] |
半󠄁 半+ 󠄁 ?(Adobe-Japan1) |
![]() |
半󠄃 半+ 󠄃 ?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |
Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: はん (han, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)
- Kun: なかば (nakaba, 半ば, Jōyō); わかつ (wakatsu, 半つ)
- Nanori: なか (naka); なかば (nakaba); なから (nakara)
Compounds
[edit]Noun
[edit]Prefix
[edit]- Antonyms
Suffix
[edit]- and a half
- 四倍半
- yon-bai han
- four and a half times
- 二十二年半
- nijūni-nen han
- twenty-two and a half years
- 四倍半
References
[edit]- ^ “半”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 半 (MC panH). Recorded as Middle Korean 반 (pan) (Yale: pan) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pa̠(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [반(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]半: Hán Việt readings: bán (
半: Nôm readings: bán[1][2][3][4][5][6], bớn[3][4][5][6], bướng[3][7], vắn[1], búng[2], bận[3], ban[3], bướn[5]
- chữ Hán form of bán (“half”).
- Nôm form of vắn (“short, brief”).
- Nôm form of bán (“to sell”).
- Nôm form of bớn.
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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