funda
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Contraction of fundamental, originating in Indian English.
Noun
[edit]funda (countable and uncountable, plural fundas or fundae or fundaes)
- (India) Basics or fundamentals, considered as a unit.
- Get your funda correct before you submit the paper.
- What is the funda behind relativity?
- 1992 [1]
- In my opinion, the funda is as follows:
- (India) Understanding.
Usage notes
[edit]Whilst fundaes and fundae both occur as the plural of funda, fundas is far more widespread. The pluralization to fundae is by analogy to formula/formulae. The pluralization to fundas is by the simple addition of -s.
The word is frequently used in Indian quizzing circles to denote the interesting fact or concept behind a question.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Usenet posting by Sivakumar Ravada, prescribing fundae as the plural
- IITM lingo, accessed on 2005-05-09, prescribing fundaes as the plural
- The Fundoo Funda, some comments about the words funda and fundoo.
Catalan
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Learned borrowing from Late Latin funda (“bag”). Doublet of fona.
Noun
[edit]funda f (plural fundes)
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]funda
- inflection of fundar:
Further reading
[edit]- “funda” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- “funda”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “funda” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Fanagalo
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Zulu -funda, from Proto-Bantu *-túnda.
Verb
[edit]funda
Galician
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Attested with this meaning since the 14th century. From Latin funda. Doublet of fonda. Compare Portuguese fonda and Spanish funda and honda.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]funda f (plural fundas)
- case, cover
- Synonym: estoxo
- c. 1350, Lourdes Soriano, editor, Livro de Tristan:
- Quando eles uirõ Lãça[rote] nõ no conoçerõ porque fezera el meter seu escudo em sua fonda
- When they saw Lancelot they didn't recognise him, because he ordered to put his shield inside its case
- overalls
- Synonym: mono
References
[edit]- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “funda”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “funda”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “funda”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “funda”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “funda”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Etymology 2
[edit]Verb
[edit]funda
- inflection of fundir:
Icelandic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Verb
[edit]funda (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative fundaði, supine fundað)
- (intransitive) to meet, to gather
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að funda | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
fundað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
fundandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég funda | við fundum | present (nútíð) |
ég fundi | við fundum |
þú fundar | þið fundið | þú fundir | þið fundið | ||
hann, hún, það fundar | þeir, þær, þau funda | hann, hún, það fundi | þeir, þær, þau fundi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég fundaði | við funduðum | past (þátíð) |
ég fundaði | við funduðum |
þú fundaðir | þið funduðuð | þú fundaðir | þið funduðuð | ||
hann, hún, það fundaði | þeir, þær, þau funduðu | hann, hún, það fundaði | þeir, þær, þau funduðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
funda (þú) | fundið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
fundaðu | fundiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
Etymology 2
[edit]Inflected form of fundur (“meeting”).
Noun
[edit]funda
Kituba
[edit]Verb
[edit]funda
- to accuse
Latin
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Slingshot_%28weapon%29.jpg/220px-Slingshot_%28weapon%29.jpg)
Etymology 1
[edit]Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰondʰeh₂, from *bʰendʰ- (“to bind”), whence English bind. Alternatively, a loanword from an unknown language, which may also have been the source of Ancient Greek σφενδόνη (sphendónē, “sling”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈfun.da/, [ˈfʊn̪d̪ä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈfun.da/, [ˈfun̪d̪ä]
Noun
[edit]funda f (genitive fundae); first declension
- a hand-sling (contrasted with fustibalus (“a sling-staff”, “a stick sling”))
Declension
[edit]First-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | funda | fundae |
Genitive | fundae | fundārum |
Dative | fundae | fundīs |
Accusative | fundam | fundās |
Ablative | fundā | fundīs |
Vocative | funda | fundae |
Derived terms
[edit]- fundifōrmis (New Latin)
- funditor
- *fundula (diminutive) (Vulgar Latin)
Descendants
[edit]- Catalan: fona, → funda
- West Iberian
- → Koine Greek: φοῦνδα (phoûnda)
- → Greek: φούντα (foúnta, “tuft”)
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈfun.daː/, [ˈfʊn̪d̪äː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈfun.da/, [ˈfun̪d̪ä]
Verb
[edit]fundā
References
[edit]- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “funda”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 249
Further reading
[edit]- “funda”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “funda”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- funda in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “funda”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “funda”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Northern Ndebele
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.
Verb
[edit]-fúnda
- (intransitive) to learn
- (transitive) to read
Inflection
[edit]This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from Latin funda (“sling”).
Noun
[edit]funda f (plural fundas)
- sling (cloth weapon)
- Bible, 1 Samuel 17:50
- Portanto, Davi, com uma funda e uma pedra, mostrou ser mais forte que o filisteu, e o entregou à morte, e não havia espada na mão de Davi.
- So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and smote the Philistine, and slew him; but there was no sword in the hand of David.
- Bible, 1 Samuel 17:50
- catapult, slingshot (elastic weapon)
- Synonyms: estilingue, atiradeira, bodoque
- sling (hanging bandage)
- Synonym: tipoia
Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Adjective
[edit]funda
Etymology 3
[edit]Verb
[edit]funda
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from French fonder, based on Romanian fund.
Verb
[edit]a funda (third-person singular present fundează, past participle fundat) 1st conj.
- to found, set a foundation
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | a funda | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | fundând | ||||||
past participle | fundat | ||||||
number | singular | plural | |||||
person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | fundez | fundezi | fundează | fundăm | fundați | fundează | |
imperfect | fundam | fundai | funda | fundam | fundați | fundau | |
simple perfect | fundai | fundași | fundă | fundarăm | fundarăți | fundară | |
pluperfect | fundasem | fundaseși | fundase | fundaserăm | fundaserăți | fundaseră | |
subjunctive | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | să fundez | să fundezi | să fundeze | să fundăm | să fundați | să fundeze | |
imperative | — | tu | — | — | voi | — | |
affirmative | fundează | fundați | |||||
negative | nu funda | nu fundați |
Related terms
[edit]Shona
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From a Nguni language; compare Zulu -funda.
Verb
[edit]-fúndá (infinitive kufúndá)
Derived terms
[edit]Southern Ndebele
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.
Verb
[edit]-fúnda
- (intransitive) to learn
- (transitive) to read
Inflection
[edit]This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Spanish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]funda f (plural fundas)
- a case, a covering or bag used to wrap something up and protect it
- (Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Ecuador) a bag made of paper or plastic
- (Bolivia) a female undergarment similar to a skirt
Derived terms
[edit]- enfundar
- funda de almohada (“pillowcase”)
Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
[edit]funda
- inflection of fundar:
funda
- inflection of fundir:
Further reading
[edit]- “funda”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
References
[edit]- Orlando Alba (2003) Cómo hablamos los dominicanos[4], Santo Domingo: Amigo del Hogar
Swahili
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]-funda (infinitive kufunda)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of -funda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. |
Derived terms
[edit]- Verbal derivations:
- Causative: -fundisha
Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ottoman Turkish فونده (funda), from Greek φούντα (foúnta, “shrub; flake, fringe”) from Hellenistic φοῦνδα (phoûnda), from Latin funda (“hand-sling, net”).
Noun
[edit]funda (definite accusative fundayı, plural fundalar)
Declension
[edit]References
[edit]- Meyer, Gustav (1893) “Türkische Studien. I. Die griechischen und romanischen Bestandtheile im Wortschatze des Osmanisch-Türkischen”, in Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (in German), volume 128, Wien: In Commission bei F. Tempsky, page 89
- φούντα, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
Xhosa
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.
Verb
[edit]-fúnda
- (intransitive) to learn
- (transitive) to read
Inflection
[edit]This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
[edit]Zulu
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *-túnda.
Verb
[edit]-fúnda
- (intransitive) to learn
- (transitive) to study
- (transitive) to read
Inflection
[edit]Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukufunda | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukufunda | ukungafundi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | funda | -funde | |||||||
Plural | fundani | -fundeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyafunda, ngifunda | engifundayo, engifunda | ngifunda | angifundi | engingafundi | ngingafundi | |||
2nd singular | uyafunda, ufunda | ofundayo, ofunda | ufunda | awufundi | ongafundi | ungafundi | |||
1st plural | siyafunda, sifunda | esifundayo, esifunda | sifunda | asifundi | esingafundi | singafundi | |||
2nd plural | niyafunda, nifunda | enifundayo, enifunda | nifunda | anifundi | eningafundi | ningafundi | |||
Class 1 | uyafunda, ufunda | ofundayo, ofunda | efunda | akafundi | ongafundi | engafundi | |||
Class 2 | bayafunda, bafunda | abafundayo, abafunda | befunda | abafundi | abangafundi | bengafundi | |||
Class 3 | uyafunda, ufunda | ofundayo, ofunda | ufunda | awufundi | ongafundi | ungafundi | |||
Class 4 | iyafunda, ifunda | efundayo, efunda | ifunda | ayifundi | engafundi | ingafundi | |||
Class 5 | liyafunda, lifunda | elifundayo, elifunda | lifunda | alifundi | elingafundi | lingafundi | |||
Class 6 | ayafunda, afunda | afundayo, afunda | efunda | awafundi | angafundi | engafundi | |||
Class 7 | siyafunda, sifunda | esifundayo, esifunda | sifunda | asifundi | esingafundi | singafundi | |||
Class 8 | ziyafunda, zifunda | ezifundayo, ezifunda | zifunda | azifundi | ezingafundi | zingafundi | |||
Class 9 | iyafunda, ifunda | efundayo, efunda | ifunda | ayifundi | engafundi | ingafundi | |||
Class 10 | ziyafunda, zifunda | ezifundayo, ezifunda | zifunda | azifundi | ezingafundi | zingafundi | |||
Class 11 | luyafunda, lufunda | olufundayo, olufunda | lufunda | alufundi | olungafundi | lungafundi | |||
Class 14 | buyafunda, bufunda | obufundayo, obufunda | bufunda | abufundi | obungafundi | bungafundi | |||
Class 15 | kuyafunda, kufunda | okufundayo, okufunda | kufunda | akufundi | okungafundi | kungafundi | |||
Class 17 | kuyafunda, kufunda | okufundayo, okufunda | kufunda | akufundi | okungafundi | kungafundi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngifundile, ngifundē | engifundile, engifundē | ngifundile, ngifundē | angifundanga | engingafundanga | ngingafundanga | |||
2nd singular | ufundile, ufundē | ofundile, ofundē | ufundile, ufundē | awufundanga | ongafundanga | ungafundanga | |||
1st plural | sifundile, sifundē | esifundile, esifundē | sifundile, sifundē | asifundanga | esingafundanga | singafundanga | |||
2nd plural | nifundile, nifundē | enifundile, enifundē | nifundile, nifundē | anifundanga | eningafundanga | ningafundanga | |||
Class 1 | ufundile, ufundē | ofundile, ofundē | efundile, efundē | akafundanga | ongafundanga | engafundanga | |||
Class 2 | bafundile, bafundē | abafundile, abafundē | befundile, befundē | abafundanga | abangafundanga | bengafundanga | |||
Class 3 | ufundile, ufundē | ofundile, ofundē | ufundile, ufundē | awufundanga | ongafundanga | ungafundanga | |||
Class 4 | ifundile, ifundē | efundile, efundē | ifundile, ifundē | ayifundanga | engafundanga | ingafundanga | |||
Class 5 | lifundile, lifundē | elifundile, elifundē | lifundile, lifundē | alifundanga | elingafundanga | lingafundanga | |||
Class 6 | afundile, afundē | afundile, afundē | efundile, efundē | awafundanga | angafundanga | engafundanga | |||
Class 7 | sifundile, sifundē | esifundile, esifundē | sifundile, sifundē | asifundanga | esingafundanga | singafundanga | |||
Class 8 | zifundile, zifundē | ezifundile, ezifundē | zifundile, zifundē | azifundanga | ezingafundanga | zingafundanga | |||
Class 9 | ifundile, ifundē | efundile, efundē | ifundile, ifundē | ayifundanga | engafundanga | ingafundanga | |||
Class 10 | zifundile, zifundē | ezifundile, ezifundē | zifundile, zifundē | azifundanga | ezingafundanga | zingafundanga | |||
Class 11 | lufundile, lufundē | olufundile, olufundē | lufundile, lufundē | alufundanga | olungafundanga | lungafundanga | |||
Class 14 | bufundile, bufundē | obufundile, obufundē | bufundile, bufundē | abufundanga | obungafundanga | bungafundanga | |||
Class 15 | kufundile, kufundē | okufundile, okufundē | kufundile, kufundē | akufundanga | okungafundanga | kungafundanga | |||
Class 17 | kufundile, kufundē | okufundile, okufundē | kufundile, kufundē | akufundanga | okungafundanga | kungafundanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāfunda | engāfunda | ngāfunda | angifundanga | engingafundanga | ngingafundanga | |||
2nd singular | wāfunda | owāfunda | wāfunda | awufundanga | ongafundanga | ungafundanga | |||
1st plural | sāfunda | esāfunda | sāfunda | asifundanga | esingafundanga | singafundanga | |||
2nd plural | nāfunda | enāfunda | nāfunda | anifundanga | eningafundanga | ningafundanga | |||
Class 1 | wāfunda | owāfunda | āfunda | akafundanga | ongafundanga | engafundanga | |||
Class 2 | bāfunda | abāfunda | bāfunda | abafundanga | abangafundanga | bengafundanga | |||
Class 3 | wāfunda | owāfunda | wāfunda | awufundanga | ongafundanga | ungafundanga | |||
Class 4 | yāfunda | eyāfunda | yāfunda | ayifundanga | engafundanga | ingafundanga | |||
Class 5 | lāfunda | elāfunda | lāfunda | alifundanga | elingafundanga | lingafundanga | |||
Class 6 | āfunda | āfunda | āfunda | awafundanga | angafundanga | engafundanga | |||
Class 7 | sāfunda | esāfunda | sāfunda | asifundanga | esingafundanga | singafundanga | |||
Class 8 | zāfunda | ezāfunda | zāfunda | azifundanga | ezingafundanga | zingafundanga | |||
Class 9 | yāfunda | eyāfunda | yāfunda | ayifundanga | engafundanga | ingafundanga | |||
Class 10 | zāfunda | ezāfunda | zāfunda | azifundanga | ezingafundanga | zingafundanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāfunda | olwāfunda | lwāfunda | alufundanga | olungafundanga | lungafundanga | |||
Class 14 | bāfunda | obāfunda | bāfunda | abufundanga | obungafundanga | bungafundanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāfunda | okwāfunda | kwāfunda | akufundanga | okungafundanga | kungafundanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāfunda | okwāfunda | kwāfunda | akufundanga | okungafundanga | kungafundanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingafunda | — | ngingafunda | ngingefunde | — | ngingefunde | |||
2nd singular | ungafunda | — | ungafunda | ungefunde | — | ungefunde | |||
1st plural | singafunda | — | singafunda | singefunde | — | singefunde | |||
2nd plural | ningafunda | — | ningafunda | ningefunde | — | ningefunde | |||
Class 1 | angafunda | — | engafunda | angefunde | — | engefunde | |||
Class 2 | bangafunda | — | bengafunda | bangefunde | — | bengefunde | |||
Class 3 | ungafunda | — | ungafunda | ungefunde | — | ungefunde | |||
Class 4 | ingafunda | — | ingafunda | ingefunde | — | ingefunde | |||
Class 5 | lingafunda | — | lingafunda | lingefunde | — | lingefunde | |||
Class 6 | angafunda | — | engafunda | angefunde | — | engefunde | |||
Class 7 | singafunda | — | singafunda | singefunde | — | singefunde | |||
Class 8 | zingafunda | — | zingafunda | zingefunde | — | zingefunde | |||
Class 9 | ingafunda | — | ingafunda | ingefunde | — | ingefunde | |||
Class 10 | zingafunda | — | zingafunda | zingefunde | — | zingefunde | |||
Class 11 | lungafunda | — | lungafunda | lungefunde | — | lungefunde | |||
Class 14 | bungafunda | — | bungafunda | bungefunde | — | bungefunde | |||
Class 15 | kungafunda | — | kungafunda | kungefunde | — | kungefunde | |||
Class 17 | kungafunda | — | kungafunda | kungefunde | — | kungefunde | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizofunda | engizofunda | ngizofunda | angizufunda | engingezufunda | ngingezufunda | |||
2nd singular | uzofunda | ozofunda | uzofunda | awuzufunda | ongezufunda | ungezufunda | |||
1st plural | sizofunda | esizofunda | sizofunda | asizufunda | esingezufunda | singezufunda | |||
2nd plural | nizofunda | enizofunda | nizofunda | anizufunda | eningezufunda | ningezufunda | |||
Class 1 | uzofunda | ozofunda | ezofunda | akazufunda | ongezufunda | engezufunda | |||
Class 2 | bazofunda | abazofunda | bezofunda | abazufunda | abangezufunda | bengezufunda | |||
Class 3 | uzofunda | ozofunda | uzofunda | awuzufunda | ongezufunda | ungezufunda | |||
Class 4 | izofunda | ezofunda | izofunda | ayizufunda | engezufunda | ingezufunda | |||
Class 5 | lizofunda | elizofunda | lizofunda | alizufunda | elingezufunda | lingezufunda | |||
Class 6 | azofunda | azofunda | ezofunda | awazufunda | angezufunda | engezufunda | |||
Class 7 | sizofunda | esizofunda | sizofunda | asizufunda | esingezufunda | singezufunda | |||
Class 8 | zizofunda | ezizofunda | zizofunda | azizufunda | ezingezufunda | zingezufunda | |||
Class 9 | izofunda | ezofunda | izofunda | ayizufunda | engezufunda | ingezufunda | |||
Class 10 | zizofunda | ezizofunda | zizofunda | azizufunda | ezingezufunda | zingezufunda | |||
Class 11 | luzofunda | oluzofunda | luzofunda | aluzufunda | olungezufunda | lungezufunda | |||
Class 14 | buzofunda | obuzofunda | buzofunda | abuzufunda | obungezufunda | bungezufunda | |||
Class 15 | kuzofunda | okuzofunda | kuzofunda | akuzufunda | okungezufunda | kungezufunda | |||
Class 17 | kuzofunda | okuzofunda | kuzofunda | akuzufunda | okungezufunda | kungezufunda | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyofunda | engiyofunda | ngiyofunda | angiyufunda | engingeyufunda | ngingeyufunda | |||
2nd singular | uyofunda | oyofunda | uyofunda | awuyufunda | ongeyufunda | ungeyufunda | |||
1st plural | siyofunda | esiyofunda | siyofunda | asiyufunda | esingeyufunda | singeyufunda | |||
2nd plural | niyofunda | eniyofunda | niyofunda | aniyufunda | eningeyufunda | ningeyufunda | |||
Class 1 | uyofunda | oyofunda | eyofunda | akayufunda | ongeyufunda | engeyufunda | |||
Class 2 | bayofunda | abayofunda | beyofunda | abayufunda | abangeyufunda | bengeyufunda | |||
Class 3 | uyofunda | oyofunda | uyofunda | awuyufunda | ongeyufunda | ungeyufunda | |||
Class 4 | iyofunda | eyofunda | iyofunda | ayiyufunda | engeyufunda | ingeyufunda | |||
Class 5 | liyofunda | eliyofunda | liyofunda | aliyufunda | elingeyufunda | lingeyufunda | |||
Class 6 | ayofunda | ayofunda | eyofunda | awayufunda | angeyufunda | engeyufunda | |||
Class 7 | siyofunda | esiyofunda | siyofunda | asiyufunda | esingeyufunda | singeyufunda | |||
Class 8 | ziyofunda | eziyofunda | ziyofunda | aziyufunda | ezingeyufunda | zingeyufunda | |||
Class 9 | iyofunda | eyofunda | iyofunda | ayiyufunda | engeyufunda | ingeyufunda | |||
Class 10 | ziyofunda | eziyofunda | ziyofunda | aziyufunda | ezingeyufunda | zingeyufunda | |||
Class 11 | luyofunda | oluyofunda | luyofunda | aluyufunda | olungeyufunda | lungeyufunda | |||
Class 14 | buyofunda | obuyofunda | buyofunda | abuyufunda | obungeyufunda | bungeyufunda | |||
Class 15 | kuyofunda | okuyofunda | kuyofunda | akuyufunda | okungeyufunda | kungeyufunda | |||
Class 17 | kuyofunda | okuyofunda | kuyofunda | akuyufunda | okungeyufunda | kungeyufunda | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngifunde | ngingafundi | |||||||
2nd singular | ufunde | ungafundi | |||||||
1st plural | sifunde | singafundi | |||||||
2nd plural | nifunde | ningafundi | |||||||
Class 1 | afunde | angafundi | |||||||
Class 2 | bafunde | bangafundi | |||||||
Class 3 | ufunde | ungafundi | |||||||
Class 4 | ifunde | ingafundi | |||||||
Class 5 | lifunde | lingafundi | |||||||
Class 6 | afunde | angafundi | |||||||
Class 7 | sifunde | singafundi | |||||||
Class 8 | zifunde | zingafundi | |||||||
Class 9 | ifunde | ingafundi | |||||||
Class 10 | zifunde | zingafundi | |||||||
Class 11 | lufunde | lungafundi | |||||||
Class 14 | bufunde | bungafundi | |||||||
Class 15 | kufunde | kungafundi | |||||||
Class 17 | kufunde | kungafundi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngafunda | ngangafunda, angafunda, angangafunda | |||||||
2nd singular | wafunda | wangafunda, awafunda, awangafunda | |||||||
1st plural | safunda | sangafunda, asafunda, asangafunda | |||||||
2nd plural | nafunda | nangafunda, anafunda, anangafunda | |||||||
Class 1 | wafunda | wangafunda, akafunda, akangafunda | |||||||
Class 2 | bafunda | bangafunda, abafunda, abangafunda | |||||||
Class 3 | wafunda | wangafunda, awafunda, awangafunda | |||||||
Class 4 | yafunda | yangafunda, ayafunda, ayangafunda | |||||||
Class 5 | lafunda | langafunda, alafunda, alangafunda | |||||||
Class 6 | afunda | angafunda, awafunda, awangafunda | |||||||
Class 7 | safunda | sangafunda, asafunda, asangafunda | |||||||
Class 8 | zafunda | zangafunda, azafunda, azangafunda | |||||||
Class 9 | yafunda | yangafunda, ayafunda, ayangafunda | |||||||
Class 10 | zafunda | zangafunda, azafunda, azangafunda | |||||||
Class 11 | lwafunda | lwangafunda, alwafunda, alwangafunda | |||||||
Class 14 | bafunda | bangafunda, abafunda, abangafunda | |||||||
Class 15 | kwafunda | kwangafunda, akwafunda, akwangafunda | |||||||
Class 17 | kwafunda | kwangafunda, akwafunda, akwangafunda |
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *-kúnda.
Verb
[edit]-funda?
- (transitive) to swallow (food)
Inflection
[edit]Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukufunda | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukufunda | ukungafundi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | funda | -funde | |||||||
Plural | fundani | -fundeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyafunda, ngifunda | engifundayo, engifunda | ngifunda | angifundi | engingafundi | ngingafundi | |||
2nd singular | uyafunda, ufunda | ofundayo, ofunda | ufunda | awufundi | ongafundi | ungafundi | |||
1st plural | siyafunda, sifunda | esifundayo, esifunda | sifunda | asifundi | esingafundi | singafundi | |||
2nd plural | niyafunda, nifunda | enifundayo, enifunda | nifunda | anifundi | eningafundi | ningafundi | |||
Class 1 | uyafunda, ufunda | ofundayo, ofunda | efunda | akafundi | ongafundi | engafundi | |||
Class 2 | bayafunda, bafunda | abafundayo, abafunda | befunda | abafundi | abangafundi | bengafundi | |||
Class 3 | uyafunda, ufunda | ofundayo, ofunda | ufunda | awufundi | ongafundi | ungafundi | |||
Class 4 | iyafunda, ifunda | efundayo, efunda | ifunda | ayifundi | engafundi | ingafundi | |||
Class 5 | liyafunda, lifunda | elifundayo, elifunda | lifunda | alifundi | elingafundi | lingafundi | |||
Class 6 | ayafunda, afunda | afundayo, afunda | efunda | awafundi | angafundi | engafundi | |||
Class 7 | siyafunda, sifunda | esifundayo, esifunda | sifunda | asifundi | esingafundi | singafundi | |||
Class 8 | ziyafunda, zifunda | ezifundayo, ezifunda | zifunda | azifundi | ezingafundi | zingafundi | |||
Class 9 | iyafunda, ifunda | efundayo, efunda | ifunda | ayifundi | engafundi | ingafundi | |||
Class 10 | ziyafunda, zifunda | ezifundayo, ezifunda | zifunda | azifundi | ezingafundi | zingafundi | |||
Class 11 | luyafunda, lufunda | olufundayo, olufunda | lufunda | alufundi | olungafundi | lungafundi | |||
Class 14 | buyafunda, bufunda | obufundayo, obufunda | bufunda | abufundi | obungafundi | bungafundi | |||
Class 15 | kuyafunda, kufunda | okufundayo, okufunda | kufunda | akufundi | okungafundi | kungafundi | |||
Class 17 | kuyafunda, kufunda | okufundayo, okufunda | kufunda | akufundi | okungafundi | kungafundi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngifundile, ngifundē | engifundile, engifundē | ngifundile, ngifundē | angifundanga | engingafundanga | ngingafundanga | |||
2nd singular | ufundile, ufundē | ofundile, ofundē | ufundile, ufundē | awufundanga | ongafundanga | ungafundanga | |||
1st plural | sifundile, sifundē | esifundile, esifundē | sifundile, sifundē | asifundanga | esingafundanga | singafundanga | |||
2nd plural | nifundile, nifundē | enifundile, enifundē | nifundile, nifundē | anifundanga | eningafundanga | ningafundanga | |||
Class 1 | ufundile, ufundē | ofundile, ofundē | efundile, efundē | akafundanga | ongafundanga | engafundanga | |||
Class 2 | bafundile, bafundē | abafundile, abafundē | befundile, befundē | abafundanga | abangafundanga | bengafundanga | |||
Class 3 | ufundile, ufundē | ofundile, ofundē | ufundile, ufundē | awufundanga | ongafundanga | ungafundanga | |||
Class 4 | ifundile, ifundē | efundile, efundē | ifundile, ifundē | ayifundanga | engafundanga | ingafundanga | |||
Class 5 | lifundile, lifundē | elifundile, elifundē | lifundile, lifundē | alifundanga | elingafundanga | lingafundanga | |||
Class 6 | afundile, afundē | afundile, afundē | efundile, efundē | awafundanga | angafundanga | engafundanga | |||
Class 7 | sifundile, sifundē | esifundile, esifundē | sifundile, sifundē | asifundanga | esingafundanga | singafundanga | |||
Class 8 | zifundile, zifundē | ezifundile, ezifundē | zifundile, zifundē | azifundanga | ezingafundanga | zingafundanga | |||
Class 9 | ifundile, ifundē | efundile, efundē | ifundile, ifundē | ayifundanga | engafundanga | ingafundanga | |||
Class 10 | zifundile, zifundē | ezifundile, ezifundē | zifundile, zifundē | azifundanga | ezingafundanga | zingafundanga | |||
Class 11 | lufundile, lufundē | olufundile, olufundē | lufundile, lufundē | alufundanga | olungafundanga | lungafundanga | |||
Class 14 | bufundile, bufundē | obufundile, obufundē | bufundile, bufundē | abufundanga | obungafundanga | bungafundanga | |||
Class 15 | kufundile, kufundē | okufundile, okufundē | kufundile, kufundē | akufundanga | okungafundanga | kungafundanga | |||
Class 17 | kufundile, kufundē | okufundile, okufundē | kufundile, kufundē | akufundanga | okungafundanga | kungafundanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāfunda | engāfunda | ngāfunda | angifundanga | engingafundanga | ngingafundanga | |||
2nd singular | wāfunda | owāfunda | wāfunda | awufundanga | ongafundanga | ungafundanga | |||
1st plural | sāfunda | esāfunda | sāfunda | asifundanga | esingafundanga | singafundanga | |||
2nd plural | nāfunda | enāfunda | nāfunda | anifundanga | eningafundanga | ningafundanga | |||
Class 1 | wāfunda | owāfunda | āfunda | akafundanga | ongafundanga | engafundanga | |||
Class 2 | bāfunda | abāfunda | bāfunda | abafundanga | abangafundanga | bengafundanga | |||
Class 3 | wāfunda | owāfunda | wāfunda | awufundanga | ongafundanga | ungafundanga | |||
Class 4 | yāfunda | eyāfunda | yāfunda | ayifundanga | engafundanga | ingafundanga | |||
Class 5 | lāfunda | elāfunda | lāfunda | alifundanga | elingafundanga | lingafundanga | |||
Class 6 | āfunda | āfunda | āfunda | awafundanga | angafundanga | engafundanga | |||
Class 7 | sāfunda | esāfunda | sāfunda | asifundanga | esingafundanga | singafundanga | |||
Class 8 | zāfunda | ezāfunda | zāfunda | azifundanga | ezingafundanga | zingafundanga | |||
Class 9 | yāfunda | eyāfunda | yāfunda | ayifundanga | engafundanga | ingafundanga | |||
Class 10 | zāfunda | ezāfunda | zāfunda | azifundanga | ezingafundanga | zingafundanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāfunda | olwāfunda | lwāfunda | alufundanga | olungafundanga | lungafundanga | |||
Class 14 | bāfunda | obāfunda | bāfunda | abufundanga | obungafundanga | bungafundanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāfunda | okwāfunda | kwāfunda | akufundanga | okungafundanga | kungafundanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāfunda | okwāfunda | kwāfunda | akufundanga | okungafundanga | kungafundanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingafunda | — | ngingafunda | ngingefunde | — | ngingefunde | |||
2nd singular | ungafunda | — | ungafunda | ungefunde | — | ungefunde | |||
1st plural | singafunda | — | singafunda | singefunde | — | singefunde | |||
2nd plural | ningafunda | — | ningafunda | ningefunde | — | ningefunde | |||
Class 1 | angafunda | — | engafunda | angefunde | — | engefunde | |||
Class 2 | bangafunda | — | bengafunda | bangefunde | — | bengefunde | |||
Class 3 | ungafunda | — | ungafunda | ungefunde | — | ungefunde | |||
Class 4 | ingafunda | — | ingafunda | ingefunde | — | ingefunde | |||
Class 5 | lingafunda | — | lingafunda | lingefunde | — | lingefunde | |||
Class 6 | angafunda | — | engafunda | angefunde | — | engefunde | |||
Class 7 | singafunda | — | singafunda | singefunde | — | singefunde | |||
Class 8 | zingafunda | — | zingafunda | zingefunde | — | zingefunde | |||
Class 9 | ingafunda | — | ingafunda | ingefunde | — | ingefunde | |||
Class 10 | zingafunda | — | zingafunda | zingefunde | — | zingefunde | |||
Class 11 | lungafunda | — | lungafunda | lungefunde | — | lungefunde | |||
Class 14 | bungafunda | — | bungafunda | bungefunde | — | bungefunde | |||
Class 15 | kungafunda | — | kungafunda | kungefunde | — | kungefunde | |||
Class 17 | kungafunda | — | kungafunda | kungefunde | — | kungefunde | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizofunda | engizofunda | ngizofunda | angizufunda | engingezufunda | ngingezufunda | |||
2nd singular | uzofunda | ozofunda | uzofunda | awuzufunda | ongezufunda | ungezufunda | |||
1st plural | sizofunda | esizofunda | sizofunda | asizufunda | esingezufunda | singezufunda | |||
2nd plural | nizofunda | enizofunda | nizofunda | anizufunda | eningezufunda | ningezufunda | |||
Class 1 | uzofunda | ozofunda | ezofunda | akazufunda | ongezufunda | engezufunda | |||
Class 2 | bazofunda | abazofunda | bezofunda | abazufunda | abangezufunda | bengezufunda | |||
Class 3 | uzofunda | ozofunda | uzofunda | awuzufunda | ongezufunda | ungezufunda | |||
Class 4 | izofunda | ezofunda | izofunda | ayizufunda | engezufunda | ingezufunda | |||
Class 5 | lizofunda | elizofunda | lizofunda | alizufunda | elingezufunda | lingezufunda | |||
Class 6 | azofunda | azofunda | ezofunda | awazufunda | angezufunda | engezufunda | |||
Class 7 | sizofunda | esizofunda | sizofunda | asizufunda | esingezufunda | singezufunda | |||
Class 8 | zizofunda | ezizofunda | zizofunda | azizufunda | ezingezufunda | zingezufunda | |||
Class 9 | izofunda | ezofunda | izofunda | ayizufunda | engezufunda | ingezufunda | |||
Class 10 | zizofunda | ezizofunda | zizofunda | azizufunda | ezingezufunda | zingezufunda | |||
Class 11 | luzofunda | oluzofunda | luzofunda | aluzufunda | olungezufunda | lungezufunda | |||
Class 14 | buzofunda | obuzofunda | buzofunda | abuzufunda | obungezufunda | bungezufunda | |||
Class 15 | kuzofunda | okuzofunda | kuzofunda | akuzufunda | okungezufunda | kungezufunda | |||
Class 17 | kuzofunda | okuzofunda | kuzofunda | akuzufunda | okungezufunda | kungezufunda | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyofunda | engiyofunda | ngiyofunda | angiyufunda | engingeyufunda | ngingeyufunda | |||
2nd singular | uyofunda | oyofunda | uyofunda | awuyufunda | ongeyufunda | ungeyufunda | |||
1st plural | siyofunda | esiyofunda | siyofunda | asiyufunda | esingeyufunda | singeyufunda | |||
2nd plural | niyofunda | eniyofunda | niyofunda | aniyufunda | eningeyufunda | ningeyufunda | |||
Class 1 | uyofunda | oyofunda | eyofunda | akayufunda | ongeyufunda | engeyufunda | |||
Class 2 | bayofunda | abayofunda | beyofunda | abayufunda | abangeyufunda | bengeyufunda | |||
Class 3 | uyofunda | oyofunda | uyofunda | awuyufunda | ongeyufunda | ungeyufunda | |||
Class 4 | iyofunda | eyofunda | iyofunda | ayiyufunda | engeyufunda | ingeyufunda | |||
Class 5 | liyofunda | eliyofunda | liyofunda | aliyufunda | elingeyufunda | lingeyufunda | |||
Class 6 | ayofunda | ayofunda | eyofunda | awayufunda | angeyufunda | engeyufunda | |||
Class 7 | siyofunda | esiyofunda | siyofunda | asiyufunda | esingeyufunda | singeyufunda | |||
Class 8 | ziyofunda | eziyofunda | ziyofunda | aziyufunda | ezingeyufunda | zingeyufunda | |||
Class 9 | iyofunda | eyofunda | iyofunda | ayiyufunda | engeyufunda | ingeyufunda | |||
Class 10 | ziyofunda | eziyofunda | ziyofunda | aziyufunda | ezingeyufunda | zingeyufunda | |||
Class 11 | luyofunda | oluyofunda | luyofunda | aluyufunda | olungeyufunda | lungeyufunda | |||
Class 14 | buyofunda | obuyofunda | buyofunda | abuyufunda | obungeyufunda | bungeyufunda | |||
Class 15 | kuyofunda | okuyofunda | kuyofunda | akuyufunda | okungeyufunda | kungeyufunda | |||
Class 17 | kuyofunda | okuyofunda | kuyofunda | akuyufunda | okungeyufunda | kungeyufunda | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngifunde | ngingafundi | |||||||
2nd singular | ufunde | ungafundi | |||||||
1st plural | sifunde | singafundi | |||||||
2nd plural | nifunde | ningafundi | |||||||
Class 1 | afunde | angafundi | |||||||
Class 2 | bafunde | bangafundi | |||||||
Class 3 | ufunde | ungafundi | |||||||
Class 4 | ifunde | ingafundi | |||||||
Class 5 | lifunde | lingafundi | |||||||
Class 6 | afunde | angafundi | |||||||
Class 7 | sifunde | singafundi | |||||||
Class 8 | zifunde | zingafundi | |||||||
Class 9 | ifunde | ingafundi | |||||||
Class 10 | zifunde | zingafundi | |||||||
Class 11 | lufunde | lungafundi | |||||||
Class 14 | bufunde | bungafundi | |||||||
Class 15 | kufunde | kungafundi | |||||||
Class 17 | kufunde | kungafundi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngafunda | ngangafunda, angafunda, angangafunda | |||||||
2nd singular | wafunda | wangafunda, awafunda, awangafunda | |||||||
1st plural | safunda | sangafunda, asafunda, asangafunda | |||||||
2nd plural | nafunda | nangafunda, anafunda, anangafunda | |||||||
Class 1 | wafunda | wangafunda, akafunda, akangafunda | |||||||
Class 2 | bafunda | bangafunda, abafunda, abangafunda | |||||||
Class 3 | wafunda | wangafunda, awafunda, awangafunda | |||||||
Class 4 | yafunda | yangafunda, ayafunda, ayangafunda | |||||||
Class 5 | lafunda | langafunda, alafunda, alangafunda | |||||||
Class 6 | afunda | angafunda, awafunda, awangafunda | |||||||
Class 7 | safunda | sangafunda, asafunda, asangafunda | |||||||
Class 8 | zafunda | zangafunda, azafunda, azangafunda | |||||||
Class 9 | yafunda | yangafunda, ayafunda, ayangafunda | |||||||
Class 10 | zafunda | zangafunda, azafunda, azangafunda | |||||||
Class 11 | lwafunda | lwangafunda, alwafunda, alwangafunda | |||||||
Class 14 | bafunda | bangafunda, abafunda, abangafunda | |||||||
Class 15 | kwafunda | kwangafunda, akwafunda, akwangafunda | |||||||
Class 17 | kwafunda | kwangafunda, akwafunda, akwangafunda |
References
[edit]- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “funda”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “funda (3.9)”
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