京
See also: 亰
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
京 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜口火 (YRF), four-corner 00906, composition ⿳亠口小)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 88, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 299
- Dae Jaweon: page 187, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 284, character 6
- Unihan data for U+4EAC
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
京 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 亰 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 京 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Etymology
Either from:
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gaŋ (“hill, ridge, mountain”) (STEDT), cognate with 岡 (OC *klaːŋ, “hill, crest”), *鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”), Tibetan [script needed] (sgang), Burmese [script needed] (khaŋ, “hill, knoll”), Burmese [script needed] (khoŋ, “summit”), Lahu qhɔ³³ (“mountain”), Sulung gɹaŋ³³ (“mountain”), Proto-Tamangic *ᴬgaŋ ("hill, mountain"); or
- of Austroasiatic origin, compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *graŋ (“hill, peak”) (Schuessler, 2007), whence Mon ဂြၚ် (krɛ̀aŋ, “peak”) and Lua error in Module:parameters at line 291: Parameter 1 should be a valid language, etymology language or family code; the value "mkh-okm" is not valid. See WT:LOL, WT:LOL/E and WT:LOF..
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җин (žin, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): jin1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jing1
- Northern Min (KCR): géng
- Eastern Min (BUC): gĭng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1jin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jing
- Wade–Giles: ching1
- Yale: jīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
- Palladius: цзин (czin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jin1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gin
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җин (žin, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ging1
- Yale: gīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ging1
- Guangdong Romanization: ging1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ken³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: jin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn
- Hakka Romanization System: ginˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gin1
- Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jing1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕĩŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: géng
- Sinological IPA (key): /keiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- kiaⁿ - vernacular;
- keng - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 京 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹/ | |
Jinan | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹/ | |
Xining | /t͡ɕiə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /t͡ɕĩn³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /t͡ɕin³¹/ | |
Hefei | /t͡ɕin²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕiəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /t͡ɕiŋ¹³/ /t͡ɕi¹³/ ~陵城 | |
Hohhot | /t͡ɕĩŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /t͡ɕin³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕaŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕin³³/ |
Xiangtan | /t͡ɕin³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕin⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kin⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /kin²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /keŋ⁵³/ |
Nanning | /keŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /kiŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kiŋ⁵⁵/ /kiã⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /keiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /kiã³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /keŋ²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: kjaeng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]raŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kraŋ/
Definitions
- capital (city)
- Short for 北京 (Běijīng, “Beijing”). after 1949
- Short for 南京 (Nánjīng, “Nanjing”). during 1927 - 1948
- Short for 京都 (jīngdū, “Kyoto”). when referring Japan-related topics
- † artificial tall mound
- † large barn
- † large
- (obsolete) ten million, 107
- (obsolete) ten quadrillion, 1016
- (obsolete) septillion, 1024
- (obsolete) A hundred nonillion, 1032
Compounds
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See also
Chinese numerals | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
104 | 108 | 1012 | 1016 | 1020 | 1024 | 1028 | 1032 | 1036 | 1040 | 1044 | 1048 | |
萬/万 (wàn) | 億/亿 (yì) | 兆 (zhào) (Taiwan) | 京 (jīng) (Taiwan) | 垓 (gāi) | 秭 (zǐ) | 穰 (ráng) | 溝/沟 (gōu) | 澗/涧 (jiàn) | 正 (zhèng) | 載/载 (zài) | 極/极 (jí) | |
萬億/万亿 (wànyì) (Mainland China) |
億億/亿亿 (Mainland China) |
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (京):
Japanese
Kanji
京
- capital city
- ten quadrillion (short scale); ten thousand billion (long scale); 1016
- Tokyo
- Kyoto
Readings
- Go-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)←きやう (kyau, historical)
- Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
- Tō-on: きん (kin)
- Kun: みやこ (miyako, 京)
- Nanori: あつ (atsu); たか (taka)
Compounds
Etymology 1
/kyau/ > /kyoː/.
Noun
Etymology 2
宮 (miya, “imperial palace”) + 処 (ko, “place”).
Noun
- the place where the emperor resides
- a city that acts as an economic and political center; capital
- metropolis
Etymology 3
Number
京 (けい, kei)
- 10,000,000,000,000,000, 1016, (US) ten quadrillion, (UK) ten thousand billion
See also
Japanese numerical compounds with 京 (kei) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1016 | 2 × 1016 | 3 × 1016 | 4 × 1016 | 5 × 1016 | 6 × 1016 | 7 × 1016 | 8 × 1016 | 9 × 1016 | 1017 | 1018 |
一京 (ikkei) | 二京 (nikei) | 三京 (sankei) | 四京 (yonkei) | 五京 (gokei) | 六京 (rokkei) | 七京 (nanakei) | 八京 (hakkei) | 九京 (kyūkei) | 十京 (jukkei) | 百京 (hyakkei) |
Korean
Hanja
京 (eum 경 (gyeong))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Compounds
See also
Vietnamese
Han character
- capital city
- Kinh ( Viet ) ethnic group
Categories:
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Austroasiatic languages
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Dungan hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Xiang hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese numerals
- Mandarin numerals
- Sichuanese numerals
- Dungan numerals
- Cantonese numerals
- Taishanese numerals
- Gan numerals
- Hakka numerals
- Jin numerals
- Northern Min numerals
- Eastern Min numerals
- Hokkien numerals
- Teochew numerals
- Wu numerals
- Xiang numerals
- Middle Chinese numerals
- Old Chinese numerals
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 京
- Chinese short forms
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Chinese cardinal numbers
- Chinese numeral symbols
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese second grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading きょう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading きやう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading けい
- Japanese kanji with tōon reading きん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading みやこ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading あつ
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たか
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 京
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese compound terms
- ja:Numbers
- Japanese numeral symbols
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters