天和

Chinese

		day; sky; heaven	mix together; peace; harmony mix together; peace; harmony; and; with; union; cap (a poem); respond in singing; soft; warm
simp. and trad. (天和)		天	和
alternative forms		天胡 天糊 Cantonese

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tiānhú

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢ ㄏㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tin¹ wu^4-2
• Min Nan (POJ): thiⁿ-ô͘

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tiānhú
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄏㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tianhú
    • Wade–Giles: tʻien¹-hu²
    • Yale: tyān-hú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianhwu
    • Palladius: тяньху (tjanʹxu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tin¹ wu^4-2
    • Yale: tīn wú
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tin¹ wu^4-2
    • Guangdong Romanization: tin¹ wu^4-2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ wuː²¹⁻³⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiⁿ-ô͘
    • Tâi-lô: thinn-ôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tvi'oo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰĩ³³ ɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻²² ɔ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰĩ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɔ²³/

Noun

天和

1. (mahjong) heavenly hand; a winning hand drawn by the dealer at the beginning of the game

Coordinate terms

• 地和 (dìhú, “earthly hand”)
• 人和 (rénhé, “hand of man”)

Descendants

• Japanese: 天和 (tenhō)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
天	和
テン Grade: 1	ホー Grade: 3
irregular

From Mandarin 天和 (tiānhú).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) テ​ンホー [téꜜǹhòò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [tẽ̞ɰ̃ho̞ː]

Noun

天(テン)和(ホー) • (tenhō) 

1. (mahjong) heavenly hand: a winning hand drawn by the dealer at the beginning of the game, worth 役満 (yakuman, “limit”)

   Hypernym: 役満貫 (yaku-mangan)

Coordinate terms

• 地(チー)和(ホー) (chīhō, “earthly hand”)
• 人(レン)和(ホー) (renhō, “hand of man”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
天	和
てん Grade: 1	わ > な Grade: 3
goon	irregular

/ten.wa/ → /teɰ̃ɰa/ → /teɰa/ → /tenːa/

Shift from Tenwa below.

The wa changes to na as an instance of renjō (連声).

Proper noun

天(てん)和(な) • (Tenna) ^{←てんわ (ten'wa)?}

1. (historical) an era that began on 9 November 1681 (twenty-ninth day of the ninth month according to the Japanese calendar) and ended on 5 April 1684 (twenty-first day of the second month)

See also

• 延(えん)宝(ぽう) (Enpō, era that preceded Tenna)
• 貞(じょう)享(きょう) (jōkyō, era following Tenna)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
天	和
てん Grade: 1	わ Grade: 3
goon

公稱丕顯德，以予小子揚文武烈，奉答天命，和恆四方民，居師；惇宗將禮，稱秩元祀，咸秩無文。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

---

公称丕显德，以予小子扬文武烈，奉答天命，和恒四方民，居师；惇宗将礼，称秩元祀，咸秩无文。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Gōng chēng pī xiǎn dé, yǐ yǔ xiǎozǐ yáng wén wǔ liè, fèng dá tiānmìng, hé héng sìfāng mín, jū shī; dūn zōng jiāng lǐ, chēng zhì yuán sì, xián zhì wú wén. [Pinyin]

You [the duke] have set forth the great and illustrious virtues, that I [the king], notwithstanding my youth, may display a brilliant merit like that of Wen and Wu, reverently responding to the favouring decree of Heaven; and harmonize and long preserve the people of all the regions, settling the multitudes (in Luo); and that I may give due honour to the great ceremony (of recording) the most distinguished (for their merits), regulating the order for the first places at the sacrifices, and doing everything in an orderly manner without display.

嘉承天和，伊樂厥福。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

---

嘉承天和，伊乐厥福。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE

Jiā chéng tiān hé, yī yuè jué fú. [Pinyin]

(please add an English translation of this example)

天人協和，萬國咸寧。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]

---

天人协和，万国咸宁。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5^th century CE

Tiānrén xiéhé, wànguó xián níng. [Pinyin]

(please add an English translation of this example)

夫明白於天地之德者，此之謂大本大宗，與天和者也；所以均調天下，與人和者也。與人和者，謂之人樂；與天和者，謂之天樂。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

---

夫明白于天地之德者，此之谓大本大宗，与天和者也；所以均调天下，与人和者也。与人和者，谓之人乐；与天和者，谓之天乐。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Fū míngbái yú tiāndì zhī dé zhě, cǐ zhī wèi dàběn dàzōng, yǔ tiān hé zhě yě; suǒ yǐ jūn diào tiānxià, yǔ rén hé zhě yě. Yǔ rén hé zhě, wèi zhī rén yuè; yǔ tiān hé zhě, wèi zhī tiān yuè. [Pinyin]

The clear understanding of the virtue of Heaven and Earth is what is called 'The Great Root,' and 'The Great Origin;' - they who have it are in harmony with Heaven, and so they produce all equable arrangements in the world - they are those who are in harmony with men. Being in harmony with men is called the joy of men; being in harmony with Heaven is called the joy of Heaven.

Literally “heavenly harmony”.

Proper noun

天(てん)和(わ) • (Tenwa) 

1. (historical, archaic) an era that began on 9 November 1681 (twenty-ninth day of the ninth month according to the Japanese calendar) and ended on 5 April 1684 (twenty-first day of the second month)