矯

See also: 矫

矯	U+77EF, 矯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77EF

← 矮
[U+77EE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

矰 →
[U+77F0]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

矯 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 人大竹大月 (OKHKB), four-corner 8242₇, composition ⿰矢喬)

Derived characters[edit]

𢹣𨙍

References[edit]

KangXi: page 825, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24015
Dae Jaweon: page 1238, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2586, character 13
Unihan data for U+77EF

Chinese[edit]

trad.		矯
simp.		矫

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 矯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (喬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
驕	*krew
嬌	krew, krewʔ, *ɡrew
憍	krew, kʰrew
穚	*krew
鷮	krew, ɡrew
蕎	krew, ɡrew
喬	krew, ɡrew
簥	*krew
撟	krew, krewʔ
矯	*krewʔ
鱎	*krewʔ
敽	*krewʔ
蟜	krewʔ, ɡrew
譑	krewʔ, kʰews
蹻	krewʔ, kʰew, ɡrew, kewɢ, *ɡewɢ
繑	*kʰew
鞽	*kʰrew
趫	kʰrew, ɡrew
嘺	*ɡew
橋	*ɡrew
僑	*ɡrew
鐈	*ɡrew
毊	ɡrew, qʰrew
轎	ɡrew, ɡrews
嶠	*ɡrews
獢	*qʰrew
屩	*kewɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *krewʔ): semantic 矢 (“arrow”) + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew): to straighten; to make as straight as an arrow shaft.

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiǎo (jiao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): giu², kiu²
Min Nan (POJ): kiáu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎo
  - Wade–Giles: chiao³
  - Yale: jyǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeau
  - Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: giu², kiu²
  - Yale: gíu, kíu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: giu², kiu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: giu², kiu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːu̯³⁵/, /kʰiːu̯³⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiáu
  - Tâi-lô: kiáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiao
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiau⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiau⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiau⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiau⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiau⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /kˠiᴇu^X/

Rime
Character	矯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	宵 (92)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居夭切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiᴇu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiɛu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kiæu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiaw^X/
Li Rong	/kjɛu^X/
Wang Li	/kĭɛu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɛu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	giu²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k](r)[a]wʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*krewʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	矯
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ kjew^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[k](r)[a]wʔ/
English	falsify
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	矯
Reading #	1/1
No.	10335
Phonetic component	喬
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	矯
Old Chinese	/*krewʔ/

Definitions[edit]

矯

to correct; to rectify; to straighten out
矯正／矫正 ― jiǎozhèng ― to correct

矯枉過正／矫枉过正 ― jiǎowǎngguòzhèng ― to overcorrect
- 今天下鍛甲摩劍，矯箭控弦，轉輸軍糧，未見休時，此天下所共憂也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  今天下锻甲摩剑，矫箭控弦，转输军粮，未见休时，此天下所共忧也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE
  Jīn tiānxià duànjiǎ mójiàn, jiǎojiàn kòngxián, zhuǎnshū jūnliáng, wèi jiàn xiū shí, cǐ tiānxià suǒ gòng yōu yě. [Pinyin]
  Now, everyone is busy forging armours, sharpening swords, straightening arrows, drawing bowstrings, or transporting military provisions. Nobody has had any rest, and everyone is troubled by this.
to pretend; to falsify; to fake; to forge
矯制／矫制 ― jiǎozhì ― to falsify a government order
- 魏王怒公子之盜其兵符，矯殺晉鄙，公子亦自知也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  魏王怒公子之盗其兵符，矫杀晋鄙，公子亦自知也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Wèiwáng nù gōngzǐ zhī dào qí bīngfú, jiǎo shā Jìn Bǐ, gōngzǐ yì zìzhī yě. [Pinyin]
  The King of Wei was angry with the prince who had stole his token of command and killed Jin Bi by false order, which the prince himself understood well.
to be pretentious; to be artificial with manners, emotions, etc.
矯揉造作／矫揉造作 ― jiǎoróuzàozuò ― to act in a pretentious manner
strong; powerful
矯捷／矫捷 ― jiǎojié ― strong and agile
- 矯翼厲翮，恣意所存。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  矫翼厉翮，恣意所存。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. late 1st century BCE, Yang Xiong (揚雄), Retort to Ridicules (《解嘲》)
  Jiǎoyì lìhé, zìyì suǒcún. [Pinyin]
  Their wings forceful, their quills tidy,
  They act on whims, no matter where.
a surname

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

“矯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

矯

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Go-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)^{←けう (keu, historical)}
Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)^{←けう (keu, historical)}
Kun: ためる (tameru, 矯める, Jōyō); いつわる (itsuwaru, 矯る)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

矯 (eumhun 바로잡을 교 (barojabeul gyo))

Hanja form^? of 교 (“correct, rectify, straighten out”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

矯: Hán Nôm readings: kiểu, kẻo, kẽo, khéo, kéo, kĩu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

矯

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

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