借
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See also: 藉
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]借 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人廿日 (OTA), four-corner 24261, composition ⿰亻昔)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 108, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 781
- Dae Jaweon: page 230, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 171, character 5
- Unihan data for U+501F
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
借 | |
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alternative forms | 𠎥 徣 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 借 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Old Chinese | |
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借 | *ʔsjaːɡs, *ʔsjaːɡ |
唶 | *ʔsjaːɡs |
藉 | *zjaːɡs, *zjaːɡ |
躤 | *zjaːɡs |
蜡 | *zraːɡs, *sʰaːɡs |
齰 | *zraːɡs, *zraːɡ |
醋 | *sʰaːɡs |
錯 | *sʰaːɡs, *sʰaːɡ |
措 | *sʰaːɡs |
厝 | *sʰaːɡs, *sʰaːɡ |
逪 | *sʰaːɡ |
剒 | *sʰaːɡ |
鵲 | *sʰaɡ |
碏 | *sʰaɡ |
踖 | *sʰaɡ, *ʔsjaːɡ, *zjaːɡ |
趞 | *sʰaɡ |
皵 | *sʰaɡ, *sʰjaːɡ |
舄 | *sʰjaːɡ, *sʰaɡ, *sjaːɡ, *sjaːɡ |
斮 | *ʔsraɡ, *ʔsraːɡ |
簎 | *zraːwɢ, *sʰraːɡ, *zjaːɡ |
諎 | *ʔsraːɡ |
矠 | *sʰreːɡ, *zreːɡ |
庴 | *ʔsjaːɡ, *zjaːɡ |
籍 | *zjaːɡ |
耤 | *zjaːɡ |
猎 | *zjaːɡ |
昔 | *sjaːɡ |
惜 | *sjaːɡ |
腊 | *sjaːɡ |
焟 | *sjaːɡ |
棤 | *sjaːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ʔsjaːɡs, *ʔsjaːɡ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 昔 (OC *sjaːɡ).
Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ze3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): cióh / ciâ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5cia
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiè
- Wade–Giles: chieh4
- Yale: jyè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jieh
- Palladius: цзе (cze)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җе (ži͡ə, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiə⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ze3
- Yale: je
- Cantonese Pinyin: dze3
- Guangdong Romanization: zé3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chia
- Hakka Romanization System: jia
- Hagfa Pinyim: jia4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡si̯a⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cióh / ciâ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suɔʔ²⁴/, /t͡siɑ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- cióh - colloquial;
- ciâ - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
- Tâi-lô: tsiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
- Tâi-lô: tsik
- Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪk̚³²/
Note:
- chioh - vernacular;
- chià/chiak/chek - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ziêh4 / zioh4 / zia6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsieh / tsioh / tsiă
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sieʔ²/, /t͡sioʔ²/, /t͡sia³⁵/
Note:
- ziêh4/zioh4 - vernacular (ziêh4 - Chaozhou);
- zia6 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: tsjaeH, tsjek
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]Ak-s/, /*[ts]Ak/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsjaːɡs/, /*ʔsjaːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]借
- to lend
- to borrow
- (alt. form 藉) to make use of; to take advantage of (an opportunity)
- 借故 ― jiègù ― to find an excuse
- (alt. form 藉) to rely on; to depend on
- (alt. form 藉) to use as a pretext
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 不借
- 使用借貸/使用借贷
- 借一步
- 借主
- 借交報仇/借交报仇
- 借代 (jièdài)
- 借令
- 借住 (jièzhù)
- 借位 (jièwèi)
- 借使
- 借債/借债 (jièzhài)
- 借光 (jièguāng)
- 借典
- 借刀殺人/借刀杀人 (jièdāoshārén)
- 借券 (jièquàn)
- 借劍殺人/借剑杀人
- 借助 (jièzhù)
- 借勢/借势
- 借口 (jièkǒu)
- 借古諷今/借古讽今 (jiègǔfěngjīn)
- 借名
- 借問/借问 (jièwèn)
- 借單/借单 (jièdān)
- 借喻
- 借壽/借寿
- 借契
- 借妻
- 借字 (jièzì)
- 借客報仇/借客报仇
- 借宿 (jièsù)
- 借寇恂
- 借對/借对
- 借屍還魂/借尸还魂 (jièshīhuánhún)
- 借手
- 借提
- 借據/借据 (jièjù)
- 借支 (jièzhī)
- 借故 (jiègù)
- 借方 (jièfāng)
- 借書證/借书证
- 借東風/借东风
- 借條/借条 (jiètiáo)
- 借款 (jièkuǎn)
- 借水推船
- 借水行舟 (jièshuǐxíngzhōu)
- 借火
- 借用 (jièyòng)
- 借端 (jièduān)
- 借箸
- 借約/借约 (jièyuē)
- 借聽於聾/借听于聋
- 借腹生子
- 借花獻佛/借花献佛 (jièhuāxiànfó)
- 借茶活捉
- 借詞/借词 (jiècí)
- 借調/借调 (jièdiào)
- 借貸/借贷 (jièdài)
- 借貸無門/借贷无门
- 借道 (jièdào)
- 借酒澆愁/借酒浇愁 (jièjiǔjiāochóu)
- 借重
- 借錢/借钱 (jièqián)
- 借鏡/借镜 (jièjìng)
- 借鑑/借鉴 (jièjiàn)
- 借韻/借韵
- 借題/借题
- 借題發揮/借题发挥 (jiètífāhuī)
- 借風使船/借风使船
- 借齒牙/借齿牙
- 假借 (jiǎjiè)
- 假借義/假借义
- 典借
- 出借 (chūjiè)
- 勒借
- 告借
- 商借 (shāngjiè)
- 國際貸借/国际贷借
- 大借款
- 孔明借箭
- 張良借箸/张良借箸
- 憑借/凭借 (píngjiè)
- 拆借 (chāijiè)
- 挪借 (nuójiè)
- 摘借
- 東挪西借/东挪西借
- 求借
- 浮借
- 消費借貸/消费借贷 (xiāofèi jièdài)
- 游湖借傘/游湖借伞
- 獎借/奖借
- 租借 (zūjiè)
- 租借地 (zūjièdì)
- 租借法案
- 背城借一 (bèichéng-jièyī)
- 西原借款
- 諸葛亮借東風/诸葛亮借东风 (Zhūgě Liàng jiè dōngfēng)
- 貸借/贷借
- 賒借/赊借
- 那借
- 附會假借/附会假借
- 靦顏借命/䩄颜借命
- 預借/预借
- 館際互借/馆际互借
Etymology 2
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 借 – see 藉 (“to rely on”). (This character is the simplified form of 藉). |
Notes:
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Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #5729”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- 借り (more common in running text)
Kanji
[edit]借
- to borrow
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: しゃ (sha); しゃく (shaku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: しゃ (sha); せき (seki)
- Kun: かる (karu, 借る); かりる (kariru, 借りる, Jōyō)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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借 |
か(り) Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
Originally the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 借る (karu, “to borrow”), now also the 連用形 (ren'yōkei) of modern verb 借りる (kariru, “to borrow”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- borrowing, a debt, a loan (for the borrower, not the lender)
- (obsolete) in the Edo period, a system for arranging house calls by prostitutes
- (accounting, abbreviation) borrower, debtor: short for 借り方 (karikata)
Antonyms
[edit](antonym(s) of “borrowing, debt”): 貸し (kashi): lending, a credit, a loan (for the lender, not the borrower)
References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]借 (eum 차 (cha))
借 (eum 적 (jeok))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
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